Adapting sanitation systems to demographic transitions: Optimizing hybrid configurations of sewered and non-sewered solutions.

Landscape approaches mobilize stakeholders across sectors and scales to negotiate development–conservation trade-offs and land-use allocation. Building on the concept of earth system justice, we examine how efforts to operationalize such approaches in Ghana, Zambia and Indonesia advance landscape justice. We observed contributions to procedural, recognitional and intergenerational justice, while interspecies justice remains overlooked. Yet, power asymmetries, exclusionary practices and institutional constraints hinder progress towards intragenerational and substantive—distributive, corrective, restorative and transformative justice. In contexts lacking commitment to transformative change, trade-offs are inevitable. Pursuing incremental change rather than ‘perfect’ justice may represent a second-best but more realistic pathway towards just landscape governance.

Climate change has intensified environmental risks in India, exposing gaps between legislative intent, executive action, and on-ground implementation. While India possesses an extensive framework of environmental statutes and policies, the absence of a comprehensive climate-specific law has shifted significant responsibility to the judiciary. This study examines the evolving role of Indian courts in shaping climate law and environmental governance through constitutional interpretation, public interest litigation, and rights-based reasoning. The primary objective of the research is to analyze emerging judicial trends that integrate climate concerns into environmental adjudication and to assess their implications for governance, accountability, and policy coherence. Methodologically, the study adopts a doctrinal and qualitative legal research approach, involving systematic analysis of landmark judgments of the Supreme Court and High Courts, along with statutory provisions, constitutional principles, and relevant policy instruments. Judicial reasoning is examined to identify patterns related to the application of the precautionary principle, sustainable development, intergenerational equity, and the expansion of the right to life to include environmental and climate dimensions. The findings reveal a gradual but significant judicial shift from pollution-centric environmental protection toward broader climate-responsive governance. Courts have increasingly recognized state obligations to mitigate climate risks, strengthen environmental impact assessments, and ensure participatory and transparent decision-making. However, the study also finds limits to judicial intervention, including concerns of institutional competence and policy overreach. The paper concludes that while judicial innovation has been crucial in advancing climate governance in India, long-term effectiveness requires complementary legislative action and integrated climate law frameworks to translate judicial principles into enforceable and consistent outcomes.

The article aims to characterize the dialogues between Ecological Economics and Bioethics to develop a conceptual and practical framework that fosters sustainable and ethically grounded economic growth. The adopted methodology follows a qualitative approach structured into two main stages. The first involved the use of search equations in databases such as WoS, Scopus, Scielo, and Redalyc, covering a temporal horizon of 20 years. In the second stage, the PRISMA method was applied to filter and categorize 194 documents, resulting in the selection of 123 academic articles, 54 institutional reports, and 17 critical reviews. This process enabled the identification of key categories such as strong sustainability, environmental ethics, intergenerational justice, and biodiversity valuation. The interdisciplinary analysis highlighted the interaction between these approaches, demonstrating that both emphasize the necessity of respecting the planet's biophysical limits and adopting economic models that integrate ethical principles. The primary conclusion underscores that the dialogue between ecological economics and Bioethics is transformative and essential for addressing contemporary sustainability challenges. This integration promotes sustainable public policies and practices that balance human well-being with environmental preservation, ensuring intergenerational equity and ecological resilience as critical elements for an ethically responsible future.

Nature-based interventions (NBI) and Green Prescriptions (GRx) have renewed interest in the relationship between human well-being and ecosystems, yet their implementation often risks reproducing the utilitarian logic underlying environmental degradation. Reciprocity between humans and Nature is increasingly invoked as a promising principle for restoring individual and Planetary Health. However, while appealing, this framework risks falling into a transactional model rooted in symmetry and apparent equivalence, obscuring the complexity and nonlinear dynamics of ecosystem functioning. This work explores reciprocity within Nature-based health interventions and ecosystem services, revealing paradoxes and limitations and arguing for a shift from transactional reciprocity toward interconnectedness and relational interbeing. Such awareness is crucial when humans interact with ecosystems to benefit from their restorativeness and therapeutic potential. We discuss how high-biodiversity and ecologically vulnerable environments derive therapeutic potential from their rarity and sensitivity, making unrestricted access for tourism, recreation, or health practices ecologically untenable. We propose that NBI and GRx must integrate, alongside clinical protocols, considerations of ecosystem health, carrying capacity, nonhuman life needs, and cumulative pressures arising when therapeutic use overlaps with other human presence. Biocultural perspectives further emphasize relational embeddedness and kinship obligations, aligning with One Health and Planetary Health principles that view human well-being as inseparable from ecosystem vitality. We propose that genuine care for Nature may not require “doing more” or “faster,” but doing less and more slowly: exercising self-restraint, reducing pressure on ecosystems, renouncing control, and tempering the human ego to prioritize Nature’s evolved processes over active interventions. Ethical and operational implications include reframing conservation and ecological management around self-limitation, intergenerational justice, and recognition of nonhuman agency, fostering coexistence over compensation.

The jurisprudential and meta-jurisprudential foundations for the emerging legal premise of environmental sustainability have evolved from an aspiration within environmental policy into a multidimensional legal and normative principle. The ecological protection, intra- and intergenerational justice, and the importance of accounting for intended timeframes in resource allocation are key premises of sustainability, drawing on natural law, legal positivism, and meta-jurisprudence. Natural law provides the moral and philosophical foundation for sustainability through general ideas of the common good, human dignity, and universal moral duties. Legal positivism then translates these ideas into practice through constitutional environmental rights, international treaties, EU law, and judicial reasoning, particularly the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union, which increasingly acknowledges enforceable environmental interests and deepens access to justice for environmental NGOs. Meta-jurisprudential theory posits the norm of sustainability as another foundational principle that reconstructs justice and the legitimacy of legal frameworks, and extends the timeframe for legal assessments. These three theoretical perspectives also demonstrate sustainability as both a normative intention and a structural principle of modern law.

This study investigates the sustainability of waqf-based enterprises through the lens of tawhidic epistemology, positioning waqf not merely as a philanthropic mechanism but also as a divinely inspired economic model grounded in ubudiyyah (servitude to Allah), adl (justice), and intergenerational equity. The primary objective is to identify the underlying drivers that enable waqf enterprises to sustain their operations while fulfilling their Shari’ah-compliant fiduciary and social mission. Adopting a qualitative methodology, this research draws on in-depth semi-structured interviews with 15 waqf managers from various Malaysian states, selected for their leadership roles in managing active waqf entities across diverse institutional settings. Thematic analysis revealed five interdependent sustainability drivers: (1) value-based leadership rooted in taqwa (God-consciousness), (2) collaborative governance that balances Shari’ah and operational needs, (3) stakeholder trust and engagement, (4) adaptive innovation responsive to contemporary challenges, and (5) mission-centricity anchored in amanah (ethical stewardship). These findings contribute to both theoretical and practical discourse by proposing a spiritually anchored sustainability model for waqf enterprises.

The energy transition stands as the central focus of Indonesia’s national energy policy, as outlined in the National Energy General Plan (RUEN). This study aims to analyze the extent to which RUEN has accommodated the principle of Heffron’s Energy Justice Framework, both from the perspective of intergenerational and intragenerational justice. Using qualitative policy analysis, the paper assesses distributive, procedural, and recognition justice within RUEN and identifies structural gaps in implementation. The study highlights that although the RUEN has established measures to support the energy transition, significant barriers remain to ensuring a fair and sustainable distribution of energy, particularly unequal energy access, limited stakeholder participation, and a slow reduction in fossil fuel dependence. The results of this study are expected to yield more inclusive and equitable policy recommendations to support the energy transition, while also enhancing RUEN’s effectiveness in achieving energy resilience, sustainability, and justice in Indonesia.

BackgroundHousehold substance misuse (SM) is associated with child deprivation and worse physical and mental health. This study utilised linked healthcare, justice, and children’s social care data in Wales for the first time, to create a reusable cohort of households that experience substance misuse (SMHH).MethodsUsing the SAIL Databank, a population-scale retrospective electronic cohort (e-cohort) was created to perform a cross-sectional analysis of SM-related health and criminal justice events during 2011–2019 for adults and children in SMHH, which were compared with the rest of the population using period prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Other variables included demographics, children’s social care, healthcare, and SM-related criminal court cases.ResultsThere were 776,366 children and 1,032,088 adults, where 83,558 children (11%) lived in SMHH, and 48,398 (5%) of adults who lived with a child had a SM event. Children in SMHH had a 133% higher prevalence of referral to SM treatment (PR = 2.33, CI: 2.23–2.43), and a SM-related criminal case was 42% more prevalent (PR = 1.42, CI: 1.30–1.55) during the period. Notably, the prevalence of SMHH children receiving care and support was 300% higher (PR = 4.00, CI: 3.92–4.08), and self-harm was 78% more prevalent (PR = 1.78, CI: 1.71–1.86).ConclusionSMHH children experience significant disparities, including higher deprivation, adverse birth outcomes, mental health issues, social care involvement, and SM-related criminal justice prosecutions. Evidence-based interventions and policy are needed to support adults and children in SMHH to mitigate the intergenerational impact.

ABSTRACT The attention paid to justice dimensions in societal change toward decarbonization and resilience is growing in sustainability governance and research. “Just transition” is emerging as an emblematic concept in these discussions, yet there has been limited systematic stock‐taking of the major strands of research in this area. This paper aims to analyse the evolution of the “just transition” concept in the context of sustainability in empirical and theoretical scholarly literature. The paper provides comprehensive mapping and analysis of key trends and themes in peer‐reviewed literature, which could contribute to conceptual clarity around just transitions. We explore the scope of changes, i.e., whether and how the studies engage with narrower sector‐wise changes or broader profound societal changes; what justice dimensions are highlighted and in what ways; and what geographies dominate the research field. The analysis builds on a review of 491 peer‐reviewed papers published between 1998 and 2023. The literature on just transitions has expanded rapidly since 2020, with growing conceptual breadth and sectoral relevance. While papers frequently emphasize distributive justice in decarbonization processes in industrial regions, later studies also integrate procedural, recognitional, ecological, and emerging justice dimensions like planetary and intergenerational justice. Transitions are increasingly understood as complex, interconnected cultural, social, technological, economic, and political changes. However, most empirical studies focus on high‐income countries, with growing—but limited—coverage of middle‐ and low‐income contexts. This geographic imbalance risks reinforcing power asymmetries. Broader case diversity is needed to make the concept of just transitions applicable across varied socio‐economic, cultural and environmental settings.

Awareness of sustainable development is indispensable for safeguarding the environment and ensuring intergenerational equity. At the higher secondary level, education plays a pivotal role in cultivating such awareness, as it shapes students’ attitudes and competencies toward sustainable futures. The present study aims to investigate the level of sustainable development awareness among higher secondary school students, with a particular focus on gender and academic stream as comparative variables. Employing a descriptive survey design, the investigation was conducted on a stratified random sample of 150 students. Data were collected using a structured instrument and analyzed through statistical measures, including mean, standard deviation, and independent sample t-tests. The sample included 150 students for gender comparison (75 male, 75 female) and 150 students across streams (Arts, Science, Commerce; n = 50 each). Independent samples t-tests were applied at the 0.05 level of significance. Male students (Mean = 76.87, SD = 10.19) scored slightly higher than female students (Mean = 75.93, SD = 10.41); however, the difference was not significant (t = 0.55, p > 0.05). Stream-wise analysis also revealed no significant differences. Arts students (Mean = 76.22, SD = 8.54) and Science students (Mean = 76.66, SD = 9.98) did not differ significantly (t = –0.24, p > 0.05). Similarly, no significant difference was found between Arts and Commerce students (t = –0.05, p > 0.05) or between Science and Commerce students (t = 0.15, p > 0.05). Although marginally higher mean scores were observed among male and science students, no statistically significant differences were found across gender or academic streams, indicating a uniform level of sustainable development awareness among higher secondary school students.

This essay establishes a dialogue between three contemporary analytical frameworks: intergenerational environmental justice, the ontological turn in anthropology, and queer ecology. Its aim is to contribute to the development of a notion of intergenerational environmental justice that breaks with the inertia of the Western liberal tradition and its humanist legacy, characterized by individualistic, presentist, and anthropocentric biases. These biases have hindered the inclusion of non-human entities and future generations within the normative horizon of justice. In response, the essay proposes recovering non-Western traditional worldviews, whose communal and relational ontologies offer epistemic and ethical alternatives for addressing the contemporary ecosocial crisis. However, it also warns that these ontologies can reproduce forms of cis-heteronormativity, and thus argues for the integration of the critical tools offered by queer ecology in order to build justice proposals that are truly inclusive, decolonial, and emancipatory.

The accelerating climate crisis underscores the limitations of state-centric and technocratic approaches to environmental governance. Although Nature-Based Solutions (NbS) are increasingly promoted as strategies for climate adaptation and biodiversity conservation, prevailing frameworks often neglect Indigenous governance systems that have long sustained ecosystems through customary law, ecological knowledge, and cultural values. This article positions Indigenous governance as a pivotal dimension of NbS, emphasizing its capacity to integrate ecological stewardship with social justice and intergenerational equity. Drawing on the case of the Ammatoa Kajang community in South Sulawesi, Indonesia, the study illustrates how Indigenous forest classifications and customary norms safeguard ecological balance while reinforcing cultural resilience. Employing a mixed-methods approach, combining ethnography, geospatial analysis, and reflective narrative. The research demonstrates that Indigenous-led governance provides legitimacy and inclusivity frequently absent in state-driven conservation initiatives. The findings highlight the importance of legal pluralism and co-management models that recognize Indigenous rights, thereby advancing NbS that are ecologically robust, socially just, and culturally sustainable.

This paper develops a conceptual model for commodity revenue securitization as an innovative capital markets financing mechanism for infrastructure projects in resource-dependent and emerging economies. Infrastructure financing gaps persist due to fiscal constraints, sovereign risk, and limited long-term debt capacity, while many countries possess predictable commodity revenue streams from oil, gas, minerals, and agricultural exports. The proposed model integrates financial structuring theory, project finance principles, and capital markets instruments to demonstrate how future commodity revenues can be transformed into tradable securities that mobilize upfront capital for infrastructure delivery. The model conceptualizes a special purpose vehicle that ring-fences commodity-linked cash flows through offtake agreements, production-sharing contracts, or export receivables, which are then structured into asset-backed securities or revenue bonds. Credit enhancement mechanisms, including overcollateralization, reserve accounts, hedging strategies, and multilateral guarantees, are incorporated to mitigate price volatility, counterparty risk, and political risk. The framework further embeds governance safeguards such as transparent revenue management, independent trusteeship, and regulatory oversight to address accountability and investor confidence concerns. By linking commodity production economics with infrastructure cash-flow requirements, the model illustrates how securitization can lower weighted average cost of capital, extend tenor maturity, and diversify funding sources beyond traditional bank lending and sovereign borrowing. It also highlights the conditions under which commodity revenue securitization is financially viable, emphasizing commodity price stability, robust legal frameworks, credible institutions, and disciplined fiscal management. Potential risks, including revenue volatility, moral hazard, and intergenerational equity concerns, are explicitly addressed through structural protections and policy alignment. This conceptual contribution advances the literature by offering a structured pathway for aligning natural resource endowments with sustainable infrastructure financing through capital markets. The model provides policymakers, project sponsors, and institutional investors with a coherent analytical lens for evaluating commodity-backed financing strategies while balancing development objectives, fiscal prudence, and market discipline. It lays the foundation for empirical testing and comparative analysis across infrastructure sectors and commodity-dependent economies. Future research should operationalize the model using case studies, pricing simulations, and regulatory assessments to inform scalable implementation, risk governance design, and long-term development outcomes in global infrastructure finance across diverse commodity cycles and institutional contexts worldwide comparatively. Keywords: Commodity Revenue Securitization, Infrastructure Finance, Capital Markets, Project Finance, Resource-Backed Financing, Emerging Economies, Revenue Bonds.

Public debt is one of the important instruments in state financing; however, its implementation must consider intergenerational justice, particularly from the perspective of Islamic economics. This article discusses how public debt policy can balance the urgent needs of the state for development with the principle of justice that prevents excessive burdens on future generations. By referring to Sharia principles, such as the prohibition of riba (usury), transparency, and efficient use of resources, this study emphasizes the importance of productive and sustainable public debt. The findings indicate that the implementation of Sharia-compliant financial instruments, careful fiscal management, and long-term planning are key to aligning the state's development needs with moral responsibility toward future generations. This approach is expected to provide guidance for formulating fiscal policies that are fair, sustainable, and in accordance with the values of Islamic economics.

Coastal regions in Indonesia are increasingly exposed to compound climate-related hazards sea-level rise, erosion, storm surges, and saltwater intrusion while also facing strong anthropogenic pressures, creating not only a management problem but a deeper philosophical crisis about how risk, nature, and human agency are understood. Against this background, this study aims to systematically examine the philosophical transformation of coastal risk governance from a technocentric Protection, paradigm toward, Radical Adaptation within Indonesian coastal ontology, addressing the gap in philosophical (ontological, epistemological, and ethical) analysis of this transition. Methodologically, the article applies a systematic literature review, synthesizing 94 selected sources (2010–2025, with seminal works for foundations) gathered through database searches (Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Garuda) and supplemented by semantic search, followed by structured extraction and content analysis using a priori thematic coding across ontology, epistemology, and axiology or ethics. The findings indicate a clear shift in scholarship and practice: conventional protection strategies centered on engineering control are increasingly inadequate under accelerating uncertainty, while radical adaptation reframes risk as an intrinsic feature of coastal existence that requires coexistence, relationality, and transformative learning rather than defending the status quo. This transformation is marked by (1) an ontological move from separation/domination to living-with-risk, (2) an epistemological move toward hybrid knowledge that integrates scientific approaches traditional ecological wisdom, (3) an ethical reorientation toward ecological solidarity, intergenerational justice, moral responsibility

ABSTRACT This article analyses the integration of the Youth, Peace and Security (YPS) agenda into Canada’s Women, Peace and Security (WPS) commitments, with a particular focus on the third National Action Plan on WPS (CNAP3). Drawing on feminist security studies and intergenerational justice frameworks, the article examines how youth are framed across departmental implementation plans, using a quantitative comparison grid and policy analysis. While CNAP3 marks a rhetorical shift toward youth inclusion, it lacks the operational depth, funding mechanisms, and accountability structures required for transformative engagement. The findings reveal tensions between discursive recognition and structural exclusion, highlighting the risks of symbolic inclusion and instrumentalization. The article argues that youth must be recognized as present-day political actors shaping peace and security, and calls for a feminist peace strategy grounded in coherence, redistribution, and co-governance.

Climate change poses an escalating threat to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular health in the Global South, where vulnerability is amplified by rapid urbanization, poverty, and weak infrastructure. Air pollution (driven by fossil fuel use, industrial growth, and poor regulation) remains a major contributor to cardiovascular disease and respiratory illness, with regions such as South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa experiencing the highest burdens. Extreme heat, floods, and natural disasters further compound cardiovascular risks through direct physiological stress and disruption of health care systems. Urban heat islands intensify the impact of rising temperatures, especially in low-income and historically marginalized communities with limited access to cooling. Meanwhile, increasingly severe floods, particularly in South and East Asia, demand improved disaster preparedness and urban planning to reduce exposure and health impacts. Many cities in rapidly urbanizing cities in Africa lack basic sanitation and access to clean water, air, and soil. These could have magnified impacts on populations during climate emergencies. To address these interconnected challenges, a global, equity-centered approach is needed, one that strengthens regulatory frameworks, expands access to clean energy and cooling technologies, and promotes urban resilience. Collaborative efforts in air quality monitoring, disaster risk reduction, and adaptation financing must prioritize the unique needs of the Global South, guided by context-specific, scalable solutions that also incorporate intergenerational and environmental justice considerations.

Purpose This study aims to analyze whether China’s environmental protection tax law (EPTL) mitigates environmental, social and governance (ESG) rating divergence and identify the specific mechanisms involved. It also examines whether the impact on ESG rating divergence varies across different scenarios. Design/methodology/approach A difference-in-differences model is constructed to investigate the impact of the EPTL on ESG rating divergence among heavily polluting enterprises, using data from Chinese A-share listed companies on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges from 2015 to 2023. Findings The results indicate that the EPTL significantly reduces ESG rating divergence. Mechanism analysis reveals that the EPTL enhances green innovation, media attention and information disclosure quality in these enterprises, thereby mitigating ESG rating divergence. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that the suppressive effect is more pronounced in resource-based cities, key environmental protection cities and high-carbon-intensity enterprises. Practical implications This study reveals how the EPTL internalizes environmental costs for businesses, incentivizes them to disclose high-quality ESG information and adopts green technologies, thereby reducing ESG rating divergence and promoting a balance between current economic growth and future resource availability. This research offers China’s experience for global sustainable development, demonstrating how policy tools can achieve the fair distribution of environmental responsibilities and ensure that ecological carrying capacity is not undermined by short-term interests. Social implications This study examines the key role of the EPTL in promoting sustainable development. Through economic incentives and constraints, the policy encourages businesses to shift to green production models, mitigate ecological degradation and ensure the long-term availability of resources and ecosystem services. Furthermore, the study calls for stronger regulation of ESG rating discrepancies, ensuring that businesses, while taking on the responsibility for sustainable development, consider the long-term interests of society as a whole and intergenerational equity, thus advancing the coordinated sustainability of the economy, society and environment. Originality/value As shown in the literature, EPTL has been found to enhance firms’ ESG performance. However, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, limited research has examined the impact of EPTL on ESG rating divergence. This study examines the relationship between EPTL implementation and ESG rating divergence, thereby enhancing the understanding of both firms and society concerning EPTL, ESG practices and sustainable development.

Demographic trends over the last decades and future projections clearly indicate a steady increase in the proportion of older adults (65+) relative to both the working-age (15–64) and child populations (0–15) across Europe. This demographic shift—driven by rising life expectancy and declining fertility—raises pressing challenges for intergenerational equity and questions the sustainability of the implicit formal and informal “social contract” that links generations through the distribution of rights, responsibilities, and resources. In particular, the two fundamental pillars of European post-industrial societies, namely an extensive welfare state and a liberal–democratic institutional framework, appear to be at risk. To address this issue, the notion of “intergenerational fairness”, recently adopted by social policies in both USA and Europe, appears flexible and fundamentally ambiguous. As a substantial variant of neoliberal austerity policies, it is simply used as a justification for further austerity measures, the withdrawal of entitlements to social and economic rights by citizens and the dismantling of welfare states. A second meaning of “intergenerational fairness” is possible starting from the concept of ambivalence used to describe the mix of conflict and solidarity that characterizes intergenerational relations in contemporary post-industrial societies. In this respect, the two concepts of “successful ageing” and “active ageing”, often considered as overlapping, actually involve very different perspectives: successful ageing adopts a substantially reductionist, individualistic, and static approach to the process of ageing, whereas active ageing is a more comprehensive and dynamic strategy that seeks to overcome all these limitations by a life-course perspective. This recognizes that a person’s path to old age is not predetermined but depends primarily on earlier life experiences and their influence: the ageing process affects people of all ages, not just the elderly. And since the subjectivization of ageing in contemporary societies has challenged the conventional notion of “natural life stages”, the new theoretical concept advanced in the article of “ageing styles” becomes central to understanding the ageing process today. Ageing styles are the outcome of the interplay between the objective and subjective dimensions of the life course, represented, respectively, by life chances (social structure) and life choices (agency). A theoretical framework is proposed for analyzing ageing styles that can be used from a life-course perspective to highlight their complex and dynamic nature. An evidence-based European political strategy aimed at promoting active ageing from a perspective of intergenerational fairness, based on the eight principles indicated, can be flexible enough to ensure that everyone can adopt their preferred ageing style without top-down imposition and contribute to the maintenance of the intergenerational social contract.