Interference Path Loss Research Articles

Sensor Deployment Optimization Methods in Electromagnetic Field Based on EEIF-PLI

Electromagnetic field has a great impact on the performance of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The influence of electromagnetic field generated by power equipment on wireless sensor (WS) nodes is designated as two parameters: environmental electromagnetic interference factor (EEIF) and path loss index (PLI). EEIF is used to describe the probability in the sensor node probability sensing coverage model. PLI is substituted into a node communication path loss model; then, a node packet receiving success rate model can be obtained by above models, which is used to evaluate node communication quality in electromagnetic interference environment. Combined with a service cost model of wireless sensor networks in complex electromagnetic environment, the performance evaluation function of wireless sensor networks is established, and constraints are determined. Solved by the particle swarm optimization (PSO)-gray wolf optimizer (GWO) algorithm, optimal deployment of wireless sensor networks in complex electromagnetic environment is realized. Experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve best performance.

A MATLAB Simulink Study on the Performance of QAM Modulation Scheme in AWGN, Rayleigh, and Rician Fading Channels: BER Analysis

Wireless communication is the fastest-growing segment in the communication industry, with mobile communication being the most widely used. However, it faces several technical challenges, such as Fading, Shadowing, Interference, and Propagation path loss. Meeting the higher demand for capacity with high-quality service is crucial. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is a technique that converts wideband signals into narrowband signals for transmission, making it a suitable option for high bandwidth data transmission. The transmission of these narrowband signals is executed with an orthogonal carrier. This paper focuses on building a QAM model using MATLAB to simulate Bit Error Rate (BER) performance for real data communication under different communication channels, including AWGN and fading channels (Rayleigh and Rician). The aim is to investigate the reduction of noise and bit error rate in communication channels. The simulation model built for this research work demonstrates that QAM scheme performs better in AWGN channels than Rayleigh or Rician fading channels.

Study of Interference Path Loss from Antennas Located Inside and Outside of an Aircraft Cabin

The ＂Interference path loss＂ caused from a personal electronic device radiating inside the cabin to a victim antenna terminal mounted on the fuselage of an aircraft has received much attention for the flight safety. Thus, this research has been focused on analysis of the path loss between the antenna inside the cabin and that mounted on the fuselage of an aircraft. The electromagnetic model for a small commercial aircraft T39-A was built for numerical analysis and the electromagnetic software CST, based on the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, was adopted for required calculation. The simulated results of electromagnetic coupling effect caused between the antennas inside and outside the cabin when operating at around 330 MHz was presented and discussed. And effect on path loss when passengers take on the seats has also been investigated. To further verify the results obtained from the built numerical model, experimental measurement achieved from the real aircraft platform has been set up and implemented as well. Finally, good agreement between the simulation and measurement has been achieved and yielded much physical insight on such an investigated subject.

Characterisation of electromagnetic properties in iron-mine production tunnels

Modern underground mines require reliable wireless communication for transmitting voice data, operating surveillance cameras, and monitoring mining equipment such as heavy vehicles. The electromagnetic characteristics of mines therefore have to be considered when determining the type of wireless technology for such critical applications. In this reported work, measurements of radio interference levels, path loss, and multipath propagation are performed in the world's now largest iron ore mine, situated in Sweden, to determine a suitable wireless technology for this mine.

Topographical Automation of MANET using Reactive Routing Protocols

Wireless mobile ad-hoc networks (MANET) are characterized as infrastructure less networks. Topologies are formed with movement of regular nodes which has multi radio links and these regular nodes under demand behaves as backbone node (router) to forward packets across the network. These networks suffer frequent topology changes due to the dynamic stochastic process behavior of incoming nodes. Mobile ad-hoc networks lack load balancing that causes unnecessary packet loss and route break up in real-time data transmission. Area of operation, interference, and communication link range and path loss are the factors to affect the throughput of MANET. In this paper we evaluated the performance of AODV and DSR routing protocols which are enhanced by an Automation Topography, In our proposed Topographical Automation the location of incoming nodes are completely random and those will be confined themselves within a certain communication range such that the throughput is enhanced to meet better QoS level. As location of the nodes are system defined and quite automatic, nodes before being forwarded with the full assurance of successful session flows. It is often advantageous to position stable and capable relay nodes, including unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and unmanned under sea vehicles (UUVs) used by Defense to save cost as well as life.

Cognitive Radio Operation under Directional Primary Interference and Practical Path Loss Models

This paper discusses the possibility of deploying a short-range cognitive radio (secondary communication system) within the service area of a primary system. Although the secondary system interferes with the primary system, there are certain locations in the service area of the primary system where the cognitive radio can reuse the frequency of the primary system without causing harmful interference to it and being disturbed by the primary system. These locations are referred to as having a spatial opportunity for communications in the secondary system, since it can reuse the frequency of the primary system. Simulation results indicate that the antenna gain, beamwidth, and propagation path loss greatly affect the spatial opportunity of frequency reuse for the secondary users. The results show that spatial spectrum reuse can be significantly increased when the primary system users are equipped with directional antennas. An important component in this study is the heterogeneous path loss model, i.e., the path loss model within the primary system is different from the model used to calculate the interference between the primary and the secondary systems. Our results show that the propagation models corresponding to the actual antenna heights in the primary/secondary system can largely impact the possibilities for spectrum reuse by the cognitive radios.

Path Loss From a Transmitter Inside an Aircraft Cabin to an Exterior Fuselage-Mounted Antenna

The increasing use of mobile electronic devices by passengers and equipment on large aircraft may increase the likelihood of with the aircraft's electronic systems. Thus, the interference path loss from a transmitting device inside the cabin of such aircraft to the antenna terminals of a victim system of the aircraft is of interest. Full-wave modeling and other deterministic techniques are impractical or undesirable for this purpose due to the potentially large electrical dimensions of the aircraft, as well as the variability of the cabin configuration. An alternative hybrid analysis technique applicable to frequencies above very high frequency is proposed in which one first estimates the power that escapes the cabin using a simple method based on microwave cavity theory. Next, the radiating windows are modeled as magnetic currents on a cylinder modeling the fuselage, and the resulting electric field at the location of the victim antenna is determined using the uniform geometrical theory of diffraction. Finally, the power delivered to the victim antenna is estimated as the coherent sum of fields incident from the windows. This technique yields results consistent with measured results and yields additional physical insight that would be difficult to obtain through measurements or full-wave methods.