Interfamilial Violence Research Articles

Beschuldigd van intrafamiliaal geweld voor het Hof van Assisen van het Scheldedepartement / de provincie Oost-Vlaanderen, 1811–1867

Summary Accused of domestic violence before the Assize Court of the Scheldt Department / Province of East Flanders, 1811-1867. – Studying the criminal prosecution of intrafamily violence in the Scheldt department / province of East Flanders between 1811 and 1867 is only possible by consulting the archives of the Assize Court of that region. Because this Assize Court only dealt with the most serious criminal cases, one can only study the tip of the iceberg. Between 1811 and 1867, the Assize Court of the Scheldt Department / Province of East Flanders in Belgium treated 203 criminal cases involving interfamily violence. 107 (53%) of these cases involved violence against a child and in 94 of those 107 cases (88%) an infanticide. In total 103 people were charged with an infanticide, but in the end only 38 were punished with death, being the then legal punishment for this crime. All other accused were acquitted or, after a reclassification of the facts listed in the indictment, sentenced for another crime such as an involuntary manslaughter of a child or concealing a child. The main reason for this was the fact that an infanticide, which was usually committed without witnesses, was very difficult to prove. Thirteen other criminal cases for violence against a child dealt with violence against a no longer new-born child. The Court of Assizes applied the normal penalties in these criminal cases. This usually involved mostly intentional manslaughter, murder or attempted murder of such a child. In the period 1811–1867, the Court of Assize also tried 73 people for violence against a parent or grandparent. Of those 73 persons, 15 were acquitted and 58 (7 women and 51 men) punished. Three persons accused of elder murder were punished: one for intentionally beating his father, one for murdering his father and one for murdering his mother. The 55 other accused were punished for intentional hits on an ascendant. Partner violence was the category of interfamily violence that was least dealt with by the Assize Court. In total, the Assize Court handled only 25 criminal cases for marriage partner violence, involving 27 people as perpetrators or accomplices. Six of those 25 criminal cases dealt with poisoning of the partner and 12 criminal cases with murder or attempted murder of the partner. In only five of the last 12 criminal cases, the accused was sentenced to death, but in the end only one of them was guillotined. The four other death row inmates were given a kingly grace who commuted their death sentences to a hard labour. In the other seven of those 12 criminal cases, the case was reclassified to intentional manslaughter or intentional hits and wounds and punished as such. The Assize Court also treated five criminal trials in which a person was charged from the outset with intentional manslaughter of the marriage partner. In three of those five criminal cases, the accused was also punished for such intentional manslaughter, in one of those five criminal cases, the offences were reclassified to intentional hits and wounds causing illness or disability of more than twenty days, and in one of those five criminal cases, the accused was acquitted. Finally, the Assize Court also treated two criminal cases in which a person was charged from the outset with intentional hits and wounds against his marriage partner. In one of those two criminal cases, after a reclassification of the facts, the Court sentenced the accused to two years’ imprisonment and a fine of 200 francs. In the second criminal case the accused was acquitted.

Intervención y actuación preventiva en un caso de violencia intrafamiliar

El crecimiento de la presencia de violencia intrafamiliar en los hogares colombianos con causas multidimensionales, sitúa lamentablemente a mujeres y niños como los más vulnerables a sufrir afectaciones a nivel social emocional, académico, laboral. Por su parte, este incremento ha hecho que así mismo, se generen mecanismos de atención e intervención y se refuercen las medidas de prevención por parte de las entidades encargadas. El presente artículo pretende abordar el tema de violencia intrafamiliar desde una perspectiva cualitativa de intervención y actuación preventiva, para lo cual se apoyó en el análisis e interpretación de resultados de un caso de violencia intrafamiliar. Un ejercicio objetivo y reflexivo en el que se logró analizar, por un lado, las actuaciones de los profesionales del equipo interdisciplinario de la Comisaría de Familia y por otro, generar reflexiones no solo frente al sistema de intervención y actuación, sino frente al rol que cada profesional desempeña.

Mental disorders in the context of trauma and violence in a population study

IntroductionTraumatic events and violence are widespread public health problems. They do not have limits related to age, sex or socioeconomic level. The prevalence of mental disorders and sociodemographic characteristics were compared in the context of traumatic events and types of violence in the general population. Materials and methodsObservational prevalence study with a secondary information source, in the general population aged 13–65 years, selected at random. The interview was conducted using the Compositum International Diagnosis Interview which generates psychiatric diagnoses according to the DSM-IV. The variables included were traumatic events grouped into five categories: related to armed conflict, sexual violence, interfamily violence, other types of violence, traumas and some mental disorders. The prevalence of mental disorders was compared in the five categories of traumatic events. Statistical significance was defined as a p value of <0.05. ResultsSexual and interfamily violence were more prevalent in women (p < 0.05). In those under age 13, major depression related to armed conflict had a prevalence of 48.3%, with a significant difference from the other trauma groups (p = 0.015). All prevalences for childhood-onset disorders showed significantly different prevalences compared with the group for violence related to armed conflict (p < 0.05) and suicidal ideation was higher in the sexual violence group (p = 0.006). DiscussionHigh prevalences of mental disorders were found in people who had been exposed to traumatic events and violence. In those who experienced traumatic events related to armed conflict and sexual violence, higher prevalences of certain mental disorders were detected.

Trastorno de estrés postraumático en menores internados por maltrato en cinco instituciones ICBF- Pereira

Introducción. El trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT) aparece después de la exposición a un evento amenazante e incluye síntomas de evitación e intrusión del recuerdo, hiper-alerta e hiperreactividad , alteraciones negativas cognitivas y alteraciones en el estado de ánimo. Puede aparecer en más del 50% de los niños afectados por desastres de origen natural o humano, como el maltrato, afectando gravemente su calidad de vida presente y futura.&#x0D; Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de TEPT en niños internados por maltrato en cinco instituciones de Pereira vinculadas al ICBF.&#x0D; Materiales y métodos. Se construyó, validó y utilizó una escala graduada a partir de los criterios sintomáticos del DSM-5 de TEPT adaptada a población escolar. Se aplicó mediante entrevista personal, previa educación lúdica a los niños sobre los conceptos pertinentes.&#x0D; Resultados y conclusiones. La población de estudio fueron 46 hombres y 47 mujeres institucionalizados en el ICBF, con una media de edad de 11.6 (desviación estándar 2.0) y un tiempo de estadía máximo en el rango inferior de menos de 6 meses con tendencia a la baja y una escolaridad por debajo de lo esperado para la edad . La causa principal de ingreso fue por maltrato intrafamiliar con un 49% , seguido por el abandono o pobreza extrema con un 41%. En cuanto a los criterios para TEPT, el 60 (64.5%) de los menores de edad institucionalizados por vulneración de derechos, cumplían todos los criterios y el 8 (8.6%) cumplían todos menos un criterio sintomático (TEPT subclínico), este alto porcentaje concuerda con la literatura mundial y nacional. Finalmente, el 21.5% no presentaban síntomas y el 5.4% no habían estado expuestos a eventos traumáticos. Los diferentes criterios sintomáticos tenían un nivel similar de intensidad.

The level of recognition of the symptoms of violence against women by senior year nursing and midwifery students

Background: Violence against women maintains its importance. Nursing and midwifery students should be able to identify symptoms of violence against women. Healthcare providers have received insufficient education, either before or after graduation, for identifying violence cases and for dealing with interfamilial violence against women. Aims: This study is conducted to identify nursing and midwifery students’ ability to recognise symptoms of violence against women. Methods: This cross-sectional study included nursing and midwifery students attending the Ege University, School of Nursing, the Celal Bayar University, Health School of Higher Education and Health School of Izmir Atatürk (N = 557). The convenience sampling method was used. There were 114 students who declined to participate in this study as they did not want to answer questions about violence (n = 443). Results: It was determined that 94.6% of the students were knowledgeable about violence against women. The scores obtained by students from the physical symptom sub-dimension were 8.35 ± 1.65 and from the emotional symptom sub-dimension were 11.97 ± 2.19. The total scores obtained from the scale were 20.32 ± 3.14. A statistically significant difference was found between students’ age, gender, nursing or midwifery section, being subjected to violence, receiving violence awareness training and reporting violence in the sub-dimensions and total scores of the scale (p < 0.05). Impact Statement: Having knowledge and self-confidence increased students’ awareness in identifying the symptoms of violence. Conclusion: The participant's limited ability to identify symptoms of violence is thought to result from inadequate emphasis on violence issues in the curricula. Greater emphasis should be placed on violence issues in curricula to guide students as future health care professionals.

Trastornos mentales desde la perspectiva del trauma y la violencia en un estudio poblacional

IntroductionTraumatic events and violence are widespread public health problems. They do not have limits related to age, sex or socioeconomic level. The prevalence of mental disorders and sociodemographic characteristics were compared in the context of traumatic events and types of violence in the general population. Materials and methodsObservational prevalence study with a secondary information source, in the general population aged 13 to 65 years, selected at random. The interview was conducted using the Compositum International Diagnosis Interview which generates psychiatric diagnoses according to the DSM-IV. The variables included were traumatic events grouped into five categories: related to armed conflict, sexual violence, interfamily violence, other types of violence, traumas and some mental disorders. The prevalence of mental disorders was compared in the five categories of traumatic events. Statistical significance was defined as a p value of <0.05. ResultsSexual and interfamily violence were more prevalent in women (p <0.05). In those under age 13, major depression related to armed conflict had a prevalence of 48.3%, with a significant difference from the other trauma groups (p=0.015). All prevalences for childhood-onset disorders showed significantly different prevalences compared with the group for violence related to armed conflict (p <0.05) and suicidal ideation was higher in the sexual violence group (p=0.006). DiscussionHigh prevalences of mental disorders were found in people who had been exposed to traumatic events and violence. In those who experienced traumatic events related to armed conflict and sexual violence, higher prevalences of certain mental disorders were detected.

Nursing diagnosis for Risk of Suicide in elderly: integrative review.

To analyze the specialized literature regarding the risk factors in nursing diagnosis for suicide risks in elderly. This is an integrative literature review carried out during June 2015 in the following databases with no time limit: MEDLINE, PsycINFO and CINAHL. A total of 80 full papers were analyzed. It was suggested the inclusion of 23 risk factors in NANDA-I taxonomy: apathy; unrest; low self esteem; carelessness with medication; Inability to ask for help; Inability to express feelings; suicidal plan; rigidity; functional disability; visual problems; sadness; hostility; anxiety; failure; frustration; unhappiness; dishonor; frequent visits to a physician with unclear symptoms; social deprivation; social devaluation; psychological violence; Interfamilial violence; and financial violence. The risks for suicide presented in NANDA-I taxonomy need to be refined and adapted to the elderly reality. Furthermore, a review is also recommended for the risk factors not included in this classification.

Risk factor profile of youth incarcerated for child to parent violence: A nationally representative sample

PurposeIntra-familial violence occurs in many forms yet few researchers examine child to parent violence (CPV), which occurs in almost 20% of single parent homes. Studies have neither developed a risk factor profile for youth involved in the most severe cases of CPV resulting in incarceration, nor included a comparison of gender-specific correlates. MethodsData from the Survey of Youth in Residential Placement (SYRP) 2003, a large-scale, nationally representative sample of justice-involved youth between the ages of 10 and 20 who were survey using a multi-stage cluster sampling procedure is utilized. ResultsYouth incarcerated for CPV are typically white and male. Youth, particularly female aggressors, tend to have substantial histories of substance use and/or victimization. Issues of mental health, poor school performance, and other maladaptive behaviors are also common. ConclusionsRelative concordance between CPV arrest and CPV incarceration risk profiles demonstrates youth who initially come into contact with law enforcement due to a report of CPV will continue and/or escalate the behaviors in a manner that will eventually result in arrest and out of home placement decisions. Interventions that focus on breaking the cycle of interfamilial violence thorough using collaborative, coordinated law enforcement and social services approaches are needed.

Me transformo: efectos de los talleres psicoeducativos y clínicos en mujeres víctimas de abuso psicológico en República Dominicana

El objetivo de este estudio consiste en determinar la relación que existe entre el nivel de asertividad y la ideología de género en mujeres víctimas de abuso psicológico. Cabe destacar que este trabajo es la continuación de una investigación sobre el tema de Asertividad de género en mujeres victimas de abuso psicológico (Liranzo &amp; Moreno, 2017). El estudio tuvo un enfoque mixto y un Diseño Explicativo Secuencial (DEXPLIS), en dos fases. Los instrumentos empleados fueron cuatro escalas: Escala de Abuso Psicológico, Escala de Ideología de Género, Escala de Asertividad y Cuestionario de Evaluación a Víctimas de Violencia Intrafamiliar. Las técnicas de recolección de datos aplicadas fueron los talleres exploratorios y diagnósticos, el diario de campo y la observación participante. Los resultados apuntan a que solo algunas participantes identificaban ser víctimas de abuso psicológico; la mayoría tenía una ideología de género tradicional; en su totalidad, no manifestaron un comportamiento asertivo. Los talleres de intervención clínicos y psicoeducativos demostraron tener un efecto positivo en las participantes en los aspectos de: habilidades comunicativas y asertivas, expresión emocional y modificación de sus actitudes hacia una ideología de género más igualitaria.

Professionals and interfamily violence against children and adolescents: in between legal and conceptual precepts.

To identify the conceptions of professionals regarding interfamily violence against children and adolescents. A qualitative study conducted with 15 professionals who had taken children and adolescents under their care as a result of interfamily violence. Data were collected between November, 2013, and March, 2015, through semi-structured interviews. Data were organized and analyzed using the Textual Discourse Analysis technique. The professional discourse highlighted that some legal aspects regarding the handling of interfamily violence against children and adolescents are neglected; an omission supported by the justification of professionals to preserve the family. We highlight the confrontation between the concept of family as a caregiver and the family that commits violence against children, in addition to the positioning of professionals, which does not include the family or the aggressor in the intervention process in facing situations of interfamily violence attended to by the services. Acting against interfamily violence requires professionals to do away with some pre-established concepts in ordee to put the actual needs of victims and families into evidence. Identificar, com base no discurso dos profissionais, suas concepções a respeito da violência intrafamiliar contra crianças e adolescentes. Estudo qualitativo, realizado com 15 profissionais, que tiveram sob seus cuidados crianças e adolescentes atendidas em decorrência da violência intrafamiliar. Os dados foram coletados entre novembro de 2013 e março de 2015, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os dados foram organizados e analisados utilizando a técnica de Análise Textual Discursiva. O discurso dos profissionais colocou em evidência que alguns aspectos legais em relação ao manejo da violência intrafamiliar contra crianças e adolescentes são negligenciados, omissão respaldada pela justificativa dos profissionais de preservar a família. Destaca-se o confronto entre a concepção de família como cuidadora e a família que violenta os filhos, além do posicionamento dos profissionais, os quais não incluem a família e o agressor nos processos de intervenção frente às situações de violência intrafamiliar atendidas nos serviços. Atuar frente à violência intrafamiliar requer do profissional romper com algumas concepções preestabelecidas para colocar em evidência as reais necessidades de vítimas e famílias.

Crisis, familia y hogar

La política económica neoliberal está en conflicto con la estructura y función tradicionales del hogar y las familias mexicanas. Para contrarrestar los efectos de la crisis, las familias recurren a la colectivización o la nuclearización del trabajo, sin embargo, ni la una ni la otra logran resolver los problemas de sobrevivencia porque, junto con la secuela de carencias materiales, el derrumbe de la familia y el hogar tradicional traen consigo cambios ce valores; éstos erosionan las relaciones primigenias expresándose muchas veces en forma de violencia intrafamiliar

Legal and Psychological Implications of Nondisclosure in the Adoption of a Child with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder

Approximately 127,000 children were adopted in the United States in 2000 and the same number in 2001. When adoptions go well, the events that follow are mostly private family matters. On other occasions, families discover that they have adopted a child who is suffering from mental and/or physical ailments. In cases where the adoptive parents are not aware of the child's medical history, adoptions can have unfortunate endings, including adoption disruption, litigation, interfamily violence, and even death. This article focuses on the issues involved when a family discovers post-adoption that the child has Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD). The article will first discuss the evolution of adoption and disclosure in the United States, then provide background on the nature of FASD and the difficulties of recognizing cases. The article will then focus on (a) the psychological impact on parents who have adopted a child who is found to have FASD and (b) the impact of disclosure upon state, national, and international law. The article concludes with recommendations for improving disclosure standards and reducing the risk of FASD going undetected and undisclosed in adoptive children.

Violencia en las escuelas de Puerto Carreño: ¿Realidad o fantasía?

&lt;p&gt;El proyecto Violencia en las escuelas de Puerto Carreño: ¿realidad o fantasía?, nace del proceso de investigación emprendido en el cead desde hace dos años y está implícito dentro de la jornada denominada: Tras las huellas de la investigación, como un espacio de reflexión, análisis y construcción que nos ha permitido, como comunidad académica pedagógica unadista, apropiarnos de diferentes temáticas, sensibilizarnos con un tema y una actividad específica, proyectarnos como miembros activos pertenecientes a una institución superior en la localidad y región.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;El presente trabajo se desarrolla dentro de la interinstitucionalidad porque se articulan tres instituciones: (unad, icbf y Escuela Normal Superior f.ll.a.), con un fin común: ahorrar esfuerzos, optimizar recursos económicos, compartir saberes y aportar cada una desde su perspectiva.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;El objetivo principal del proyecto es saber si en las escuelas primarias de Puerto Carreño se presentan episodios de violencia escolar e identificar los factores con los cuales están asociados. Asimismo constituir redes académicas interinstitucionales y sistematizar procesos académico-pedagógicos que se adelantan desde las instituciones educativas. El método utilizado es la investigación cualitativa, con un diseño expo-facto. Los resultados indican que el fenómeno de la violencia escolar sí se presenta en Puerto Carreño asociado con violencia intrafamiliar, desconocimiento de las estrategias de afrontamiento de los docentes hacia los episodios de violencia escolar, falta de contacto entre los padres de familia y la escuela; y, deficientes habilidades sociales en los niños que asisten a los establecimientos. Se encontró también que hay factores protectores en la comunidad educativa como el interés de los docentes en mitigar el fenómeno, la participación de jóvenes de secundaria en el proceso y el reconocimiento por parte de los niños agresores y víctimas de la necesidad de nuevas formas de convivencia pacífica. Como conclusión se encuentra que el fenómeno de la violencia en las escuelas está tan extendido que se presenta aun en una ciudad con muy bajos índices de violencia social como es Puerto Carreño por lo cual se recomienda que los investigadores del área social lo intervengan.&lt;/p&gt;

Review of forensic assessments of female referals to the branch of legal medicine, Malatya region, Turkey – 1996–2000

It is well recognized that the most pervasive form in gender violence is violence against women by their intimate male partners. Domestic violence (DV) crosses all cultures, races, and socioeconomic levels, affecting people of all ages and both sexes, but particularly women and children. DV refers to the chronic physical, sexual and psychological maltreatment of one family member against another in order to control. DV represents a significant health threat to women. It may also be an important precipitating factor of female suicide. As the literature has begun to document the extent of interfamilial violence, attention has focused on forensic documentation. The aim of this study is to review female victims presented at the Branch of Legal Medicine of Malatya, Turkey, regarding gender-based violence and DV in relation towards sexual offenses and suicide attempts. Accordingly, recommendations were presented to increase the awareness of DV by setting policies and in response legislative recommendations. The legal reports of women ( n = 2245) were reviewed. In respect of the Turkish Penal Code (TPC), paragraph 456/1, 2, 3 and 4, which covers the act of assault and battery, the severity of the injuries have been categorized into three groups according to the Turkish Injury Scale (TIS) covered by TPC 456/1, 2 and 4, into the issues of functional incapacitation according to TPC 456/2 and 3, and with regard to the presence of a mark of an injury on the face according to TPC 456/2 tables. Because of incomplete data, not all results be categorized as positive for DV. Despite the large number of blunt force injuries (699 cases out of 2245) and the high percentage of external lesions, 76% of 1796 files, found, recognition of DV was uncommon. According to TPC 456/4, in cases of small trauma-related injuries, legal proceedings are dependent upon a victim’s making a complaint. The percentage of 80.4% ( n = 2245) represents the need for information regarding legal requirements. The frequency of sexual assault cases, 144 victims out of 162, and in suicide attempts, 95 women out of 145, in the 15–24 year age span may also reflect a society’s accusative approach towards women based on moral values. Unless prosecuting DV cases purely on the evidence in regard to victim’s safety, withdrawal of complaints will continue. It is essential to identify to ‘name’ DV when it occurs. Recognizing the serious immediate and future long-term implications for health, multifaceted intervention is important. DV has to undergo some fundamental and far-reaching reformation in Turkey regarding how the legal system deals with it appropriately.

La violence intrafamiliale comme modalité de lien

Interfamily Violence as a «Link Modality» Drawing on a case encountered in family therapy, we have developed a hypothesis according to which interfamily violence may correspond to a «link modality» developed by the family to prevent the fear of family breakdown from irrupting. Through the use of the transferential process, the family has been able to bring into the open its need for dependence and protection previously obscured by frequent and exaggerated «grabbing» behaviors in its methods of inter-relating. Experiences of breakdown formerly expressed in acts such as these may find a new way of elaboration with the transitional dream area and will appear in simple time-space juxtaposition with cross-generation elements which have not yet proved workable in the therapy itself.

Texas Symposium on Interfamily Violence and Child Abuse

Texas Symposium on Interfamily Violence and Child Abuse