Integrated Development Environment Research Articles

The demonstration device for remote light control via the Internet by using MQTT protocol and Dual-Chip ESP32

In this article, the primary purpose is to design and implement a remote light control example that makes use of the Arduino IDE platform for programming, the MQTT protocol, and an ESP32 microcontroller, which has a dual-core CPU as well as Wi-Fi and Bluetooth capabilities. This aspect is related to the Internet of Things (IoT), which allows any fundamental device to be linked and become a smart device via the application of the Internet. As a result, these devices can be operated from a significantly long-distance, eliminating the need to physically interact with the switches to turn them on or off. The first part of the paper is a discussion of the fundamental theory that is provided to examine the potential of remote control methods, followed by a short overview of the Arduino integrated development environment (IDE), MQTT communication protocol, and PWM technique to regulate the brightness of lights. The second section is devoted to hands-on work, such as setting up an environment connection over the Internet, compiling and designing a printed circuit board (PCB).

Tendencia del NDVI en el Área de Conservación Regional Angostura Faical de Tumbes, Perú, 1999-2019

The Angostura Faical Regional Conservation Area is a protected area of the Equatorial Dry Forest, which seeks to guarantee the appropriate use of fauna and flora resources under sustainable practices by local populations, in addition to reducing the effects of climate change. Therefore, the trend of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in the Angostura Faical Regional Conservation Area was determined and the areas were quantified based on their trend over time. Geographic information systems, remote sensing and platforms such as Google Earth Engine made it possible to obtain data from Landsat 5-7-8 satellite images, and the R programming language was also used in the RStudio integrated development environment for statistical analysis with the Mann Kendall test which is qualitative in nature. It was found that in the time series the neutral trend predominates with a normal behavior in an area of 7,304,568 hectares, in a favorable case in the vegetation, 1,489,457 hectares were found with a positive trend and with a negative trend in the vegetation one surface of 0, 458 hectares located near the La Angostura creek where runoff is captured in rainy weather. It should be considered that the monitoring of the environment is of vital importance for the conservation of natural areas and of the utmost importance for those that provide an environmental service. For this reason, the behavior of our protected areas must be known in order to make decisions with foundations and taking hold of technology.

Intelligent Vehicle Engine Dynamic Test System Based on Internet of Things

In the context of technological modernization in the field of automotive engine testing, the development of an intelligent automotive engine testing system based on IQ has become an important trend in the future. This paper mainly studies the development of engine test software platform, the technical control of test process conditions, and the intelligent conversion of important components such as temporary fuel flow meters. By comparing the traditional bench test system and the dynamic test system based on the Internet of Things, the efficiency of data information transmission, information security, perception ability, and response speed between them are compared, and the intelligent dynamic engine detection based on the Internet of Things is found. The system is more secure and more efficient in information transmission, with a 12% increase in perception performance and a 48% increase in system response time. This also fully shows that the intelligent dynamic engine detection system based on the Internet of Things will be more suitable for current equipment and can also be detected more accurately, which can realize effective supervision of the running status of the test prototype and remote online feedback of the analysis results, and solve the engine test process. It solves the problem of efficient, reliable, and safe transmission and transmission of data and information between all levels and layers, and improves the ability of rapid perception and response in the process of engine testing.

A Scalable Data Integration Architecture for Smart Cities: Implementation and Evaluation

The collection, processing, and analysis of data generated by varied sources can help us better understand the functioning and demands of the cities. However, developing efficient solutions to explore urban data is challenging due to the large volume, heterogeneity, and lack of accessibility and integration of this kind of data. In this work, we identify the main requirements of a data integration system to support decision-making in cities, focusing on its challenges. We analyze some existing data integration solutions, to uncover their features and limitations. Based on these results, we propose a new microservice architecture to support the development of software platforms for integrating smart cities’ heterogeneous data and a guideline to assess their performance. We also present details of a proof-of-concept implementation of the proposed architecture and its performance evaluation. The results demonstrate that the platform can scale horizontally to handle the highly dynamic demands of a smart city while maintaining low response times.

Development of a low-cost teleoperated and semi-autonomous robotic arm

A safe human-robot physical interaction is required when the robot is used to help humans. This can be achieved by introducing a teleoperated robotic arm in which a human can teach the robot before performing tasks remotely. This paper develops and establishes a three-degree-of-freedom robotic arm and teaching pendant. In particular, a flexible robotic arm is operated in two different modes, namely, the teleoperated mode and the semi-autonomous mode. The teleoperated mode is a manual control using a teaching pendant, where the robot arm replicates various movements of the teaching pendant. On the contrary, the semi-autonomous mode allows the robot to execute a task from one point to another point repetitively after at least one training of the teaching pendant. The Arduino Uno board is employed as a microcontroller, and the integrated development environment ( IDE ) software is used to write and upload the computer code. A series of tests in which the robot performs different tasks is recorded to evaluate the accuracy and consistency of the semi-autonomous and teleoperated modes. The results show that the performance of the proposed low-cost teleoperated robotic arm is reliable and safe to perform various tasks based on the teaching pendant.

Eye tracking technologies to visualize secure coding behavior

Secure coders' experiences and performances vary greatly and any missed security flaws in source code may lead to costly consequences. Their behavior to analyze source code and develop mitigation techniques is not well understood. Our objective is to gain insight into the strategies and techniques from both novice and experienced developers. Proper understanding can help us to inform inexperienced coders to efficiently and accurately approach, discover, and mitigate security flaws. Our research relies upon eye tracking hardware and software to collect and analyze the eye gazes. Unlike existing approaches, we incorporate a wide range of tasks simultaneously reading documentation, writing code, and using security coding analysis tools. We analyze both static and dynamic (interactive) stimuli in a realistic software development environment. Our pictorial visualizations represent a coder's eye gazes that visually demonstrates their behavior and patterns. In addition, we provide the full context of the stimuli that a participant observed. This allows for investigating the behavior at a range of tasks for a single participant and between participants. Our secure coding tasks include reading documentation, reading source code, and writing source code for a web application as well as utilizing security code scanning tools. Our contributions also include (1) novel visualization techniques to present transitions among components within and between applications, and (2) presentations of coders' attention levels during secure coding by investigating the change of pupil sizes. The eye tracking collection and analysis techniques support both modifiable stimuli and stimuli presented in different sequences based upon individual participant's behavior. • Gain Insight into Secure Coders' Behavior and Methodologies Using Eye Trackers. • Visualizations Of Eye Gazes to Understand Approaches to Secure Coding. • Investigate Behavior When Discovering and Mitigating Source Code Flaws. • Evaluation Of Hands-On Secure Coding Learning Modules. • Dynamic Eye-Tracking Stimuli for Realistic Software Development Environment.

Remote work: A statistical analysis to understand the new normal

The pandemic situation has been an unprecedented experience for the world. As of March 2021, India is third among the most affected countries due to the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19). After a screeching halt, people have returned to their daily routines with a new shift in their working style. Telecommuting, commonly known as ‘work from home’ or ‘working remotely’, has become a new practice for many. The Information Technology and the education sector being the dominant fields of the service sector, march towards this practice of remote working. This research aims to understand whether people from Information Technology and education field are accustomed to the transition from the workplace to remote work. The article mainly focuses on studying three main aspects of life: Professional, Personal and Social. A study was conducted by circulating questionnaires among one hundred and ten employees of the Information Technology and the education sector. The data is analyzed using the statistical methods executed on R studio, an integrated development environment for R and visualization tools. The statistical analysis of the paper helps us to figure out whether the individuals are finding it comfortable or challenging to work from home.

Air Contamination Observing System using Internet of Things

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a worldwide network of "smart gadgets" that can interact with people and other systems. It can sense and connect to their surroundings. Air pollution is a significant problem nowadays. The present monitoring techniques have poor accuracy, sensitivity and need for laboratory testing [1]. We have proposed a three-level air pollution monitoring system to address these issues with current regulations. Gas sensors, the Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE), and a Wi-Fi module form the foundation of the IoT kit. Gas sensors gather information from their surroundings and send it to the Arduino IDE. It uses the Arduino Wi-Fi module to send IDE data to the cloud. We’ve also created the Android application IoT-Mobair, which enables users to access the pertinent cloud-based air quality data [3]. When the user arrives at their location, the pollution level is graded throughout the trial, if it is too high an alarm is displayed. Air quality data may also be used to predict future air quality index (AQI) values

SnapFib: An easy build Arduino based tabletop prototype for thin film deposition by Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction method

Non-vacuum-based techniques are suitable for thin-film deposition with precision stoichiometric control. Among those, the Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction (SILAR) method is gaining popularity for its aqueous-based almost room temperature deposition option. This method has many advantages, including the ability to control the elemental composition and stoichiometry of precursors. It is also suitable for large-area deposition. It has many runtime parameters, e.g., the number of cycles, dip time, rinse time, etc., that control the quantitative and qualitative physical properties of the deposited film. But manually controlling all these parameters for the whole process is very difficult and cumbersome. Although there are several reports published on this similar type of home-built prototype, for fast, accurate, and economically affordable deposition operations, we need to develop a machine that maintains all the properties of the SILAR process and can be made using cheap technologies. Here we report the SnapFib, a cost-effective automated tabletop prototype machine that is easy to build for thin-film deposition on soda-lime glass substrates by the SILAR method without almost any human intervention. SnapFib is built using linear actuators, an ATmega328P (a microcontroller available on Arduino boards), and some other parts collected from laboratory sites. The whole firmware needed for this device has been developed and maintained using the Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment). All required functional features and control parameters are encoded in the microcontroller firmware. The construction cost of this prototype is around 600 USD. We validated our construction through XRD (X-ray Diffraction) and FESEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope) characterizations of thin films that were deposited by SnapFib. Since this is built under the CC-BY license, students and researchers can freely perform and validate their experiments and modify the hardware and software as required. With how easy it is to make and how much it costs; we hope that many thin-film deposition labs will quickly start using SnapFib as an added benefit.

A "No-Code" App Design Platform for Mobile Health Research: Development and Usability Study.

BackgroundA challenge facing researchers conducting mobile health (mHealth) research is the amount of resources required to develop mobile apps. This can be a barrier to generating relevant knowledge in a timely manner. The recent rise of “no-code” software development platforms may overcome this challenge and enable researchers to decrease the cost and time required to develop mHealth research apps.ObjectiveWe aimed to describe the development process and the lessons learned to build Pathverse, a no-code mHealth app design platform.MethodsThe study took place between November 2019 and December 2021. We used a participatory research framework to develop the mHealth app design platform. In phase 1, we worked with researchers to gather key platform feature requirements and conducted an exploratory literature search to determine needs related to this platform. In phase 2, we used an agile software framework (Scrum) to develop the platform. Each development sprint cycle was 4 weeks in length. We created a minimum viable product at the end of 7 sprint cycles. In phase 3, we used a convenience sample of adults (n=5) to gather user feedback through usability and acceptability testing. In phase 4, we further developed the platform based on user feedback, following the V-model software development process.ResultsOur team consulted end users (ie, researchers) and utilized behavior change technique taxonomy and behavior change models (ie, the multi-process action control framework) to guide the development of features. The first version of the Pathverse platform included features that allowed researchers to (1) design customized multimedia app content (eg, interactive lessons), (2) set content delivery logic (eg, only show new lessons when completing the previous lesson), (3) implement customized participant surveys, (4) provide self-monitoring tools, (5) set personalized goals, and (6) customize app notifications. Usability and acceptability testing revealed that researchers found the platform easy to navigate and that the features were intuitive to use. Potential improvements include the ability to deliver adaptive interventions and add features such as community group chat.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, Pathverse is the first no-code mHealth app design platform for developing mHealth interventions for behavior. We successfully used behavior change models and the behavior change technique taxonomy to inform the feature requirements of Pathverse. Overall, the use of a participatory framework, combined with the agile and hybrid-agile software development process, enabled our team to successfully develop the Pathverse platform.

Case studies in automation of forensic toxicology practices with R

The last decade has seen a considerable growth in data generated by scientific instrumentation. Accountability requirements have grown similarly, requiring forensic toxicology laboratories to generate summary of findings to funders, stakeholders and the general public. This work aims to show how the programming language R and its integrated development environment (IDE) RStudio can be harnessed to speed up data analysis and produce summary reports in three different forensic toxicology applications. R version 3.6.1 or above and RStudio® version 1.2.5001 or above were used in developing and implementing all applications. A wide array of packages were employed, including readr, readtext and docxtractr to import data; tidyr and dplyr for data preparation (“wrangling”); stringr for text manipulation; ggplot2 and plotly for data visualization; rmarkdown to generate HTML and PDF reports; and shiny for the creation of interactive web applications. Automation can begin with the instrumental output analysis. The authors have already published two such examples (Desharnais et al. Journal of Analytical Toxicology 2017;41:261–268 and Desharnais et al. Journal of Analytical Toxicology 2019;43:512–519). A new example presented here is the implementation of trend monitoring, as required for the ISO 17025 accreditation. An interactive application allows for importation of raw instrument output into the database and periodic creation of PDF reports assessing a number of fixed criteria for the wide-scope LC-MS/MS method under analysis. Furthermore, a diagnostic tool allows interactive creation of scatterplots where a variable of interest (area, area ratio, concentration) is plotted for selected time frame, instrument(s), sample type(s) (e.g., standards, QC) and analytes. This allows to not only identify concerns via the presence of warning and action lines, but to explore potential causes of instrument issues with a single tool, which decreases troubleshooting time. This type of interactive data exploration is also possible for casework. Indeed, an application allowing inquiry into basically all variables related to driving under the influence of drugs or alcohol cases was built. The user can obtain summary statistics (e.g., total number of cases) and graphs (e.g., bar plots) by selecting and/or modulating one or more of the following: biological matrix analyzed, drug(s) detected, concentration, administrative region, date and time of the event, etc. As an example, with a few clicks, the user can find out how many DUI cases included a combination of THC and flubromazolam between June 2020 and September 2021 in a given city. This allows for seamless production of yearly reports (within 30 minutes instead of 3 days) as well as quick answers to punctual inquiries by other stakeholders such as police officers, prosecutors and deputy ministers. Annual summary reports can also be extracted from atypical datasets, such as toxicology reports in .docx or PDF format. Using this tool, a periodic update of xenobiotics concentrations found in postmortem casework can be quickly performed. Toxicologists can therefore inform their interpretation with recent data from within the lab–without a time-consuming manual search. It also allows for the production of an annual prospectus designed for the general public, summarizing the caseload and findings. When a suitable Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS) is not available, or mis-adapted to accomplish the desired task, R and its IDE RStudio offer unparalleled power and flexibility to achieve data importation, analysis and presentation. Since they are both available at no cost, the online documentation and community to support the user is vast, which is an advantage for laboratories with scant resources. In order to add another pillar to this network, the creation of an R User Group in Forensic Toxicology is first announced here.

‘DNA’ of Virtual Organizing: Towards a New Construct to Theorize with Digital Trace Data

We introduce a new theoretical construct to empirically measure and analyze the dynamics of actions and events in virtual organizing through digital trace data: DNA of virtual organizing. The new construct captures the actions and events that form the basic building blocks of all possible and actual paths in virtual organizing. By possible paths, we refer to all ways to get work done in a given context. By actual paths, we refer to all ways that have been enacted to get work done in the past. DNA of virtual organizing reconciles two seemingly opposing poles in digital-trace data-driven process theorizing: it not only empirically measures the idiosyncratic dynamics of virtual organizing, but also allows for comparing and generalizing findings across cases and data sets. We illustrate how we can apply DNA of virtual organizing with actual data we obtained from GitHub, the largest virtual organizing platform for software development. We showcase different scenarios where we measure and compare the DNA of virtual organizing at the level of projects and developers.

Creating a General-Purpose Procedural Language for Programming in Kannada

Abstract: To build a general-purpose procedural programming language in Kannada and the corresponding header file that understands the language and pre-processes the code typed in Kannada into C++ programming language which can then be compiled by a C++ compiler and produce corresponding output in Kannada. The entire compilation of the language will be built in a single and Integrated Development Environment (IDE) i.e. Microsoft Visual Studio which can be downloaded by anyone and start learning to code in Kannada by including the header file. Any programming logic can be typed entirely in Kannada, the syntax is created such that it is similar to C-syntax. Any person knowing Kannada and with little effort on understanding the language’s syntax can start coding in Kannada without any prior knowledge in English or programming. This paper aims mainly at providing its users a programming experience in a regional language “Kannada”. The users can edit, complier and thus observe the results also in Kannada. The user has to abide by a set of syntactic rules and thus program accordingly for better results.

Detection of Malware in Android Phones Using Machine Learning

Abstract: In a major cyber security scare, around 1.5 crore Android devices in India have been infected by malware without the knowledge of the users. According to a report by cyber security solution firm Check Point Research in 2020, a new variant of mobile malware has quietly infected around 2.5 crore devices worldwide. Malware is any type of malicious software or code designed to harm a user's device, such as trojans, adware, ransomware, spyware, viruses or phishing apps. The permissions and API-calls are extracted from all Android applications, and both were included as features in the dataset. It is a process of analysing the malware binary without running the code. To offer a simple, streamlined, document-centric experience Jupyter Notebook interactive development environment and Flask is utilized. The Androguard tool and genetic algorithm analyses the APK files by separately extracting the permissions for each APK file. Supervised Machine Learning algorithms used are Support Vector Machine (SVM) and MLP an ANN numeral network approach is used to compare the traditional machine learning techniques. Experiments will be conducted on two types of models, traditional machine learning classifiers and deep learning neural networks. Initially, the classifiers are trained using the dataset, taken from android malware dataset and then testing and evaluationis performed based on the extracted features. An efficient method to detect the presence of malware in the android mobile phones using the permissions, API calls is implemented and the best classifier is identified which gives optimal results with accuracy, F-measure, Recall, and Precision scores. This would enable users to easily navigate various resources available with an adaptive user interface using android application.

The Numerical Simulation and Characterization of Complex Fracture Network Propagation in Multistage Fracturing with Fractal Theory

To investigate complex fracturing and the influencing factors of simultaneous fracture propagation in horizontal wells, a three-cluster fracture propagation model that is controlled by fracture surface displacement parameters is established. When performing multistage fracturing on reservoirs with a relatively high development degree of natural fractures, staged multicluster fracturing in horizontal wells is one of the commonly used technical methods for volume fracturing. Two frequently encountered problems are multifracture extension and interfracture stress interference between fractures. The characteristics of the coal mechanics parameters of coalbed methane (CBM) blocks in northwestern China are analyzed by probability statistics to obtain the elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio. With the interactive development environment of the MATLAB-PYTHON-FEM platform, a numerical model of fracture network expansion under the staged fracturing of horizontal wells is constructed. The stress interference level between fractures and the fractal expansion mechanism of fracture networks are analyzed under different influencing factors, including the fractal dimensions of natural joints, fracturing fluid pumping rate, and inhomogeneity coefficient of the in situ stress.

Aligning Software Engineering Teaching Strategies and Practices with Industrial Needs

Several approaches have been proposed to reduce the gap between software engineering education and the needs and practices of the software industry. Many of them aim to promote a more active learning attitude in students and provide them with more realistic experiences, thus recreating industry software development environments and collaborative development and, in some cases, with the involvement of companies mainly acting as potential customers. Since many degree courses typically offer separate subjects to teach requirements engineering, analysis and design, coding, or validation, the integration of all these phases normally necessitates experience in a project context and is usually carried out in a final year project. The approach described in this article benefits from the close involvement of a software house company which goes beyond the common involvement of a potential customer. Students are integrated into distributed teams comprising students, teachers and IT professionals. Teams follow the agile Scrum methodology and use the OutSystems low-code development platform providing students with the experience of an almost real scenario. The results show that this approach complements the knowledge and practice acquired in course subjects, develops the students’ technical and non-technical skills, such as commitment, teamwork, and communication, and initiates them in the methodologies and development strategies used in these companies. The feedback from the teachers involved, software companies and students was very positive.

An Optimization Method for Integrating Educational Information Resources Based on Edge Computing

This paper adopts an edge computing approach to conduct in-depth research and analysis on the optimization of educational information resource integration and constructs an integrated teaching resource design model concerning the integrated teaching model, human-centered mobile learning resource design, and the interdisciplinary concept of physics subject teaching method. The learning field constituted by the model is divided into two parts, the explicit field and the potential field and then designs a five-stage teaching resource based on the model. A five-stage teaching resource development path was designed based on the model. Based on the cloud service center model, we propose a hierarchical mechanism for sharing educational information resources and analyze how each hierarchical entity constructs and shares resources and the rights and responsibilities of each hierarchical entity; we explain the meaning and functions of the personalized educational resource integrated development environment provided by the cloud service center for users. The dynamic evaluation model of the value of educational information resources is summarized and proposed for the resource exchange behavior in the sharing of educational information resources, and the significance of the calculation method of resource value, parameter values, and resource value difference for resource sharing is introduced. Firstly, the mechanism for coconstruction of educational information resources at different levels is proposed, and the construction tasks of subjects at different levels in the process of coconstruction and sharing of resources are elaborated. The sharing mechanism of educational information resources covering the regularization system, evaluation mechanism, incentive mechanism, problem handling mechanism, and supporting service mechanism is proposed, and a dynamic evaluation model of the value of educational information resources is designed to improve the enthusiasm of the coconstruction and sharing subjects.

InjectMeAI-Software Module of an Autonomous Injection Humanoid.

The recent pandemic outbreak proved social distancing effective in helping curb the spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants along with the wearing of masks and hand gloves in hospitals and assisted living environments. Health delivery personnel having undergone training regarding the handling of patients suffering from Corona infection have been stretched. Administering injections involves unavoidable person to person contact. In this circumstance, the spread of bodily fluids and consequently the Coronavirus become eminent, leading to an upsurge of infection rates among nurses and doctors. This makes enforced home office practices and telepresence through humanoid robots a viable alternative. In providing assistance to further reduce contact with patients during vaccinations, a software module has been designed, developed, and implemented on a Pepper robot that estimates the pose of a patient, identifies an injection spot, and raises an arm to deliver the vaccine dose on a bare shoulder. Implementation was done using the QiSDK in an android integrated development environment with a custom Python wrapper. Tests carried out yielded positive results in under 60 s with an 80% success rate, and exposed some ambient lighting discrepancies. These discrepancies can be solved in the near future, paving a new way for humans to get vaccinated.

Nanoceramic based thermometer Probe: From synthesis of material-device development

Temperature is the extent of the coldness or hotness materials. It is a basic physical quantity which affects any object and process like industrial processes, electrical systems’ components, life and health of living things, agricultural soil, bridges, highways, buildings, dams, environment, etc. So, it should be properly measured and regulated using greatly accurate, precise, environmentally friendly, in-situ, low-power and low cost thermometers. There are plenty of thermometers with the drawbacks of high power consumption, possession of toxic materials, costly, less accurate and imprecise. In this work, I discuss the design and development of a nanoceramic nickel manganate (NiMn2O4) thermistor powder-based digital electronic thermometer probe. The nanomaterial was synthesized using acetates of Nickel (Ni) and Manganese (Mn) as precursor materials by using the wet chemical method. The fabricated powder was characterized using field emission scanning electronic microscopy (FeSEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) for its morphology and composition respectively. Powder x-ray diffraction (XRD) was also used to determine the crystal structure and crystallite size of the sample. The sample is unform in morphology, spinel in structure, 24 nm in average crystallite size and composed of Ni, Mn and O2 in the proper ratio. The 0.35 g of the powder was filled and pressed well in a 2 mm diameter and 2 cm long cylindrical tube to fabricate and characterize the thermistor-based thermometer. The resulting thermistor was characterized and calibrated using the Stein and Hart and the β-coefficient thermistor calibration modelling techniques. The embedded system was also developed using atmega328 microprocessor-based microcontroller, a simple signal conditioning electric circuit, stainless steel cylindrical tube and 3D printed package. The system was programmed using Arduino programming integrated development environment. The features of the resulting thermometer are 4-digit precision, 0 °C–70 °C range of temperature measurement, 5 V DC power supply requirement, contains environmental friendly chemicals and is highly accurate. It can be used primarily in agriculture. It can also be used in industry, medicine, automobile, environment, food processing, home automation, etc. Additionally, this thermometer can also be used as the element of sensor nodes in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and Internet of Things (IoT) technology in automation.

Women Safety Android Application

Abstract: Atrocities against women are becoming more common today. In these sorts of situations, a smart phone application can be quite helpful in ensuring women's protection. These applications are known as SOS applications which can built using the Android Studio which is an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) specifically designed for Android Application Development. Global Positioning System(GPS) is used to determine the victim’s location. These SOS applications plays a crucial role in conveying the emergency situation of the victim to the person whose contact information is already saved in the application by the user.