Interaction Diagrams Research Articles

Analysis of the Structure of the Existing Administration Building into Two Floors at the Class III Naha Airport Operator Unit, Tahuna - North Sulawesi

The administration building is a land-side facility that aims to organize airport administration and also control services in the airport work environment area. The administration building at Naha Airport needs to be expanded to two floors and improvements to the building construction to improve the safety of the building construction and also the safety of workers. There are several things in this planning, one of which is redesigning plates, beams, and columns. From the results of the analysis, the location of the construction of the administration building is in risk category E so that the structural analysis uses the SRPMK (Special Moment Bearing Frame System) method. In planning the building structure, SNI 2847: 2019 concerning reinforced concrete and SNI 1727: 2018 for loading are used. In this final project, the SAP 2000 auxiliary program is used for 3D building modeling, PCAColumn for calculating column interaction diagrams, and Autocad 2018 for reinforcement details. In this final project, the calculation of the Cost Budget Plan is also needed to determine the estimated cost of rebuilding the administration building into two floors. From the structural design results, the dimensions of the main beam (B1 25/40), child beam (B2 15/30), column (K1 25/25) and plate thickness of 12 cm and structural reinforcement details are included in the engineering drawings. In addition, the design control check of the administration building structure based on SNI 1726: 2019 has met the requirements.

CONSTRUCTION PLANNING OF THE UPPER STRUCTURE OF THE PKP-PK BUILDING AT HUSEIN SASTRANEGARA AIRPORT BANDUNG

The PKP-PK building is one of the facilities located at an airport to visually monitor aircraft movements. In connection with this, at Husein Sastranegara Airport Bandung there is a PKP-PK building. In this study, it is intended to plan the PKP-PK building structure in accordance with SNI. so that in analyzing the structure, the SRPMK (Special Moment Bearing Frame System) method is used. In the calculation of the structure used SRPMK (Special Moment Bearing Frame System) and Strong Column Weak Beam which refers to SNI 1726: 2019 concerning earthquakes. In planning the building structure, SNI 2847: 2019 concerning reinforced concrete and SNI 1727: 2018 for loading are used. In this research, the SAP 2000 auxiliary program is used for 3D building modeling, PCAColumn for column interaction diagram calculation, and Autocad 2018 for reinforcement details. In the planning, 400/600mm main beam, with 5 D 19 flexural reinforcement at positive moment, at 7 D 19 flexural reinforcement at negative moment, 300/500mm sub-beam, with 3 D 16 flexural reinforcement at positive moment, at 5 D 16 flexural reinforcement at negative moment, 200/300 sub-beam with 3 D 13 flexural reinforcement at positive moment, at 5 D 13 flexural reinforcement at negative moment 600/600 column and 100 mm plate thickness and structural reinforcement details are included in the engineering drawings. In addition, the PKP-PK structural design control check based on SNI 1726: 2019 has met the requirements and fulfills the Strong Column Weak Beam concept and the cost required for the PKP-PK building construction planning is Rp1,324,860,000.00 (One Billion Three Hundred Twenty Four Million Eight Hundred Sixty Thousand Rupiah).

PyPCN: protein contact networks in PyMOL.

Protein contact networks (PCNs) represent the 3D structure of a protein using network formalism. Inter-residue contacts are described as binary adjacency matrices, which are derived from the graph representation of residues (as α-carbons, β-carbons or centroids) and Euclidean distances according to defined thresholds. Functional characterization algorithms are computed on binary adjacency matrices to unveil allosteric, dynamic, and interaction mechanisms in proteins. Such strategies are usually applied in a combinatorial manner, although rarely in seamless and user-friendly implementations. PyPCN is a plugin for PyMOL wrapping more than twenty PCN algorithms and metrics in an easy-to-use graphical user interface, to support PCN analysis. The plugin accepts 3D structures from the Protein Data Bank, user-provided PDBs, or precomputed adjacency matrices. The results are directly mapped to 3D protein structures and organized into interactive diagrams for their visualization. A dedicated graphical user interface combined with PyMOL visual support makes analysis more intuitive and easier, extending the applicability of PCNs. https://github.com/pcnproject/PyPCN.

Behavior and design of multi-sided composite sections

ABSTRACT Composite construction is advantageous due to the combination of steel and concrete materials in structural members. Composite column’s cross-section types such as hexagonal, octagonal, and decagonal and high diameter-to-thickness (D/t) ratios are highly desirable in transmission towers, yet not covered in the applicable codes. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the behavior of composite columns with various characteristics including cross-section types, and height and propose a design procedure based on Force – Moment (P-M) Interaction diagrams and related equations. Three-dimensional non-linear finite element models were developed using a nonlinear finite element software to simulate and verify the behavior of the composite towers against prior experimental work. Concrete Damage Plasticity and Steel Bilinear Elasto-Plastic Model were calibrated and used in capturing the realistic nonlinear behavior of the materials and their interaction. Based on the computational models, a concrete reduction factor, needed for the development of design equations, was derived. Conclusively, typical normalized P-M Interaction diagrams were constructed for various polygonal shapes with high D/t ratios beyond code limitations. The corresponding derived design equations play a significant role in the applicability of the composite columns in transmission towers.

Predicting the damage to cementitious composites due to acid attack and evaluating the effectiveness of eggshell powder using interpretable artificial intelligence models

The resistance of cement-based composites (CBCs) to the intervention of aggressive ions is the primary determinant of their durability. H2SO4 is a highly corrosive acid capable of causing structural damage. The corrosive properties of H2SO4 can pose a significant threat to building materials, resulting in accelerated deterioration and structural failure. This study employed advanced computing tools to assess the compressive strength loss (CSL) in mortar modified with eggshell powder (ESP-CM) subjected to acid conditions. The modeling process utilized an experimental dataset of six different raw materials as inputs, and the output variable was the CSL. ESP-CM samples were subjected to a 5% H2SO4 solution during the experimental work. Two machine learning interpretable models, including gene-expression programming (GEP) and multi-expression programming (MEP), were developed for the said purpose. In addition, sensitivity analysis (SA) and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis were used to assess the influence and correlation of raw inputs. The established models for predicting the CSL of ESP-CM due to acid attack corresponded well with the actual results. The accuracy of constructed models was evaluated using statistical analyses and analyzing the difference amongst target and model-estimated results. Comparing the R2 of the models, it was determined that the MEP model performed better than the GEP model in predicting the CSL of ESP-CM after an acid attack, with an R2 of 0.90 versus 0.87. The interaction diagrams derived from the SHAP study exhibited that a replacement level of ESP between 40 and 60 kg/m3 provided the greatest resistance to acid attack.

A new approach for the strength interaction diagram of FRP strengthened square steel reinforced high strength concrete columns

AbstractThis paper proposed a new approach for the strength interaction diagram (N‐M diagram) of FRP strengthened square steel reinforced high strength concrete (SSRHSC) column, considering the influence of the applied load eccentricity on the ultimate conditions of FRP strengthened high‐strength concrete (HSC). The analytical model for the strength interaction diagram of FRP strengthened SSRHSC (FRPS‐SSRHSC) columns, which incorporated the stress–strain models of constitutive materials into the rectangular stress block (RSB) method, was developed and verified against test data. The strength interaction diagrams of FRPS‐SSRHSC columns developed based on the proposed analytical model matched well with the test results, while the strength interaction diagrams developed using available design codes overestimated the experimental strength interaction diagrams. The effect of confinement ratio and longitudinal FRP strengthening on the strength interaction diagrams was examined via parametric analyses. It was found that longitudinal strengthening had a negligible influence on the axial load and bending moment when the axial load was applied at a small eccentricity but had a substantial influence when the axial load was applied at a large eccentricity.

Methodology for engineering calculation of working bodies for shallow tillage

This study emphasizes the need for a comprehensive determination of parameters and operational modes of the working body, employing mutually agreed dependencies. (Research purpose) The research aims to develop a methodology for calculating parameters and operational modes for a novel shallow tillage working body, considering the required technological process indicators and soil properties. (Materials and methods) A force interaction diagram has been constructed, enabling the establishment of a relationship between working body parameters and soil physical and mechanical properties. This analysis yields a correlation between the working body parameters (crumbling angle) and unit operation mode (speed). (Results and discussion) The innovative aspect lies in utilizing the relationships linking the cultivator parameters and operational modes with the soil properties and process indicators. For shallow tillage, a working body with curved surfaces and increased streamlining is proposed. Various single-tier and multi-tier configurations, along with corresponding working body widths aligned with cultivator width, are presented. (Conclusions) The paper introduces an engineering calculation method, determining the following working tool parameters: the crumbling angle of 15 degrees, the length of 30 centimeters, the width of 45 centimeters, the opening angle of 75-110 degree, the elevation angle of 10 degrees at the depths of 6-16 centimeters, and the speed of up to 14 kilometers per hour. The technological process involves soil crumbling resulting in a characteristic clod size of up to 25 millimeters, and tractive resistance reaching up to 3.7 kilonewtons.

Network pharmacology and molecular docking study-based approach to explore mechanism of benzimidazole-based anthelmintics for the treatment of lung cancer

Emerging studies have reported the potential anticancer activity of benzimidazole-based anthelmintics (BBA) against lung cancer (LC). However, mechanism underlying the anticancer activity of BBA is unclear. Therefore, in the current study, network pharmacology and molecular docking-based approach were used to explore the potential molecular mechanism for the treatment of LC. The potential targets for BBA were obtained from multiple databases including SwissTargetPrediction, Drug Bank, Therapeutic Target Database, and Comparative Toxicogenomics Database while LC targets were collected from DisGeNet gene discovery platform, Integrated Genomic Database of NSCLC, Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man database. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) diagram of common targets was constructed using STRING online platform. Topological analysis was performed using Cytoscape and gene enrichment analysis was conducted using FunRich software. Highest degree targets were then confirmed using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. The BBA were prioritized according to their S scores, with ricobendazole ranking highest followed by flubendazole, fenbendazole, mebendazole, triclabendazole, albendazole, oxibendazole, parbendazole, thiabendazole and oxfendazole. The potential targets of BBA identified using topological analysis and molecular docking were found to be CCND1 (cyclin D1), EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor), ERBB2 (Erb-B2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase 2/CD340), PTGS2 (Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2), and SRC (Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase). Furthermore, molecular dynamics confirmed that CCND1 and EGFR are the potential targets of ricobendazole for the treatment of LC. BBA can be further explored as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of lung cancer under in vitro and in vivo studies. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

Health and work: regional health reporting on employees in Germany

The vast majority of people work a large part of their live, therefore work inevitably has a major impact on health as well. In Germany, great efforts are made to improve health and well-being in the occupational context. To support this, the evaluation of health data especially from employees is one the main scopes in health reporting of the Federal Association of Company Health Insurance Funds (BKK Dachverband). These results are made available to the interested public via various publication channels, including interactive online diagrams. Data from the areas of incapacity to work, outpatient and inpatient care as well as drug prescriptions are applied. Due to the in large parts identically structured representations, comparisons across health care system sectors are also possible. The aim of this article is to describe the provided regional health care data of employees with focus on the interactive data provision, to show by example particularities in single sources and across sources. From this the impact of work as well as workplace health promotion on the health of employees and, in a broader sense, the quality of health care in Germany can be derived.

An experimental and numerical study on the coupling effect of CLT wall-to-floor angle bracket connections

Cross-laminated timber (CLT) wall panels are commonly connected to the floor or foundation using metal connections, which play a critical role in determining the seismic performance and energy dissipation of the CLT shear walls. In this study, to comprehend the tension–shear coupling effect of the CLT wall-to-floor angle bracket connections under seismic loads, both monotonic and cyclic shear tests were conducted on the angle brackets that were also simultaneously applied with different levels of prescribed vertical axial tension. The influence of the co-existent axial tension on the horizontal shear performance of the angle brackets was analyzed. Furthermore, a numerical model of the angle brackets was developed and validated with the experimental results, which could predict the tension–shear coupling effect based on the monotonic loading scenario. Based on the numerical model, parametric analysis was conducted, and an analytical tension–shear interaction diagram representing the coupling effect of the angle brackets under seismic loads was established. It is found that with an increase of the axial tension from 0 to 30 kN, the shear resisting capacity of the angle brackets is diminished by 33.29%, and the pinching effect of their hysteretic load–displacement curves is mitigated. When the number of the connection-to-floor screws of the angle brackets was increased from 10 to 14, the shear resisting capacity of the angle brackets can be enhanced by 6.43%, and their shear strength degradation can be relieved by 12.85–56.25%. For the CLT wall-to-floor angle brackets, the analytical interaction diagram can be described using one bilinear function, which consists of the ratio between the shear to the shear resistance and the ratio between the tension to the pull-out resistance.

Eccentric load behaviour of concrete columns retrofitted with engineered cementitious composite jackets via grooving method

The eccentric load behaviour of circular reinforced concrete columns strengthened with a novel engineered cementitious composite jackets reinforced with synthetic macro-fibres and polypropylene was investigated. Furthermore, an innovative method of interface treatment known as longitudinal grooving was used. Twelve test columns were cast, six of which were strengthened with 15 mm thick composite jackets, while three were strengthened with ultra-high-performance fibre-reinforced concrete jackets. In addition, three of the six columns strengthened with the composite jackets were confined with glass-fibre-reinforced polymer warps. The experimental results showed that both methods enhanced load-carrying capacity and energy dissipation with increasing load eccentricity. For example, the specimens strengthened with the composite jackets exhibited increases of 167% and 194% in load-carrying capacity, and enhancements of 92% and 53% at eccentricities of 30 and 60 mm, respectively. Finally, the previously reported model and different codes were used to validate the results, from which interaction diagrams were drawn. This showed a good agreement between experimental and predicted results.

Determination of overall factor for the application of the General Method based on plastic and strain‐limited N‐M interaction for composite compression members

AbstractThe design of composite compression members can be realized based on the General Method in accordance with Eurocode 4. This method represents a more sophisticated design based on advanced numerical analysis. It may be applied for any type of composite column. The General Method contains two steps; the first step is defined as the global nonlinear finite element analysis (GMNIA) accounting for all geometrical and physical nonlinear effect and considering geometrical and structural imperfection; while the second step represents the analysis on the cross‐section level, by N‐M interaction diagram to determine the overall safety factor γ0. EN1994‐1‐1 requires the N‐M‐Interaction based on the plastic resistance. However, often the General Method is provided for those section, where the plastic resistance is not representing the real behavior. Therefore, the question is discussed why the N‐M‐Interaction should not be developed based on the strain‐limited resistance considering the approaches for concrete stress‐strain curve in accordance with EN 1992‐1‐1 and for structural steel in accordance with prEN1993‐1‐14.In this paper, the application of general method is investigated for different type of composite columns with N‐M interaction diagram evaluated with plastic and strain‐limited resistance. Results are compared and discussed in terms of overall safety factor γ0. Conclusions are provided for the further development of the General Method in Eurocode 4.

Preliminary study of axial‐moment interaction diagrams for semi‐rigid end plate bolted connections

AbstractThis research deals with the axial‐bending interaction in bolted steel beam to column connections along the strong axis of the column. In order to define the interaction curves, firstly, a series of tests of doubly symmetric bolted connections were carried out in which two column sizes were considered, while the beam, end plate and bolts remained the same. These joints were tested under pure compression, as well as simultaneous bending and compression, and with different load levels. Afterwards, reduced finite element models including initial imperfections were made. These models are validated by means of the results obtained in the experimental program. The aim of the reduced model is to enlarge the range of studied loading combinations in terms of different percentages of axial load and bending moment. Finally, with the results obtained, a preliminary normalized interaction diagram for this type of joints was deduced.

Implementation of Livable House Standards for Earthquake Resistance in Bandung Regency

The BSPS (Bantuan Stimulan Perumahan Swadaya) program organized by the Directorate General of Housing of the Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing is a program implemented as a form of improving the quality of self-help housing. Although simple, building like this requires sufficient resistance to earthquakes. The results of the calculation of earthquake resistance that begins with loading the roof obtained a live load of 1.38 N, a super dead load of 0.75 N, and a dead load of 132102.5 N. Further testing on the calculation of ring beams results in ring beams being able to withstand a load of 1 .7191 kN with the help of the column interaction diagram states that the column is able to withstand a load of 252.6964 kN. The results of the ground spectrum response test show that Bandung district has a high earthquake risk and a class II risk period. Static power testing in the x and y directions is 270 kg and 260 kg. the level deviation on the x-axis is 0.0706500 mm and on the y-axis is 0.05575000 mm. This has proven the house to be resistant to earthquakes. Subsequent work can be in accordance with the standards given during the construction process. This building is resistant to earthquakes but the work requires more careful supervision.

The Implementation of Flipped Classroom Using Moodle to Increase Students’ Mathematics Creative Thinking from Learning Style Viewpoint

This study aimed to describe the success of flipped classroom using Moodle to increase students’ creative thinking abilities in view of learning styles. This study used quasi-experiment non-equivalent control group design with the participants consisted of 72 students of SMA Negeri 1 Ciawigebang in the academic year of 2022/2023 who 36 XD students as the experimental group and 36 XC students as the control group. The instruments used were tests and questionnaires. The results of data analysis with significance level of 5% revealed that on the learning model factors obtained values 0.012 < 0.05 with the conclusion that there were differences in the ability to think creatively between students who are given flipped classroom using Moodle and conventional learning. N-Gain score in the experimental class is 0.6153 while the control class is 0.3803. Hypothesis testing on learning style factors has value 0.766 > 0.05 with the conclusion that there were no differences in the ability to think creatively between students with visual, auditory, and kinesthetic learning styles. Interaction diagrams shows that visual students are better suited to learning with flipped classroom using Moodle models and auditory students are better suited to learning with conventional models

Towards Quantum Computing Phase Diagrams of Gauge Theories with Thermal Pure Quantum States.

The phase diagram of strong interactions in nature at finite temperature and chemical potential remains largely theoretically unexplored due to inadequacy of Monte-Carlo-based computational techniques in overcoming a sign problem. Quantum computing offers a sign-problem-free approach, but evaluating thermal expectation values is generally resource intensive on quantum computers. To facilitate thermodynamic studies of gauge theories, we propose a generalization of the thermal-pure-quantum-state formulation of statistical mechanics applied to constrained gauge-theory dynamics, and numerically demonstrate that the phase diagram of a simple low-dimensional gauge theory is robustly determined using this approach, including mapping a chiral phase transition in the model at finite temperature and chemical potential. Quantum algorithms, resource requirements, and algorithmic and hardware error analysis are further discussed to motivate future implementations. Thermal pure quantum states, therefore, may present a suitable candidate for efficient thermal simulations of gauge theories in the era of quantum computing.

Storytelling With Networks: Realizing the Explanatory Potential of Network Diagrams Through the Integration of Qualitative Data

Network visualizations are alluring yet deceptively difficult to interpret. This article demonstrates several strategies for integrating qualitative data into interactive network diagrams for the purposes of providing contextual information about actors and their relationships. The result is a new joint display called a Narrated Network Diagram (NND). The development of NNDs aims to make network visualizations more reliable tools for reporting research findings, especially for researchers integrating Social Network Analysis tools into multi- and mixed-methods research designs. Until now, researchers primarily use interactivity to support exploratory analysis of large networks at various scales. However, interactivity can also be used to integrate diverse forms of data without sacrificing perceptual efficiency by essentially hiding significant amounts of text within nodes and edges as tooltips or by delineating additional data within legends, titles, and subtitles.

An Evolutionary Framework for Modelling Unknown Behaviours of Other Agents

Multiagent decision making becomes complicated when a subject agent interacts with other agents who could be either collaborative or competitive in their common environment. Generally the subject agent does not know what exact behaviours other agents will execute in the coming interactions. This occurs even when the agents are collaborative and cannot fully disclose their behaviours due to their privacy concerns. With the purpose of improving prediction of the true behaviours of other agents, conventional approaches often employ either an exhaust list or a guided search to expand the set of possible behaviours of other agents. In this article, we investigate an evolutionary approach guided by prior knowledge about other agents and develop a genetic algorithm based framework to modelling unknown behaviours, which may contain the true behaviours of other agents. We develop a new framework with a multi-population genetic algorithm in a general multiagent decision model - interactive dynamic influence diagrams, which represents how multiple agents optimise their interactive decisions from the viewpoint of individual agents. The new framework also provides an alternative way to solving the decision model. We demonstrate the performance of the proposed methods in two problem domains and provide empirical results in support.

PoseEdit: enhanced ligand binding mode communication by interactive 2D diagrams.

In this article, we present PoseEdit, a new, interactive frontend of the popular pose visualization tool PoseView. PoseEdit automatically produces high-quality 2D diagrams of intermolecular interactions in 3D binding sites calculated from ligands in complex with protein, DNA, and RNA. The PoseView diagrams have been improved in several aspects, most notably in their interactivity. Thanks to the easy-to-use 2D editor of PoseEdit, the diagrams are extensively editable and extendible by the user, can be merged with other diagrams, and even be created from scratch. A large variety of graphical objects in the diagram can be moved, rotated, selected and highlighted, mirrored, removed, or even newly added. Furthermore, PoseEdit enables a synchronized 2D-3D view of macromolecule-ligand complexes simplifying the analysis of structural features and interactions. The representation of individual diagram objects regarding their visualized chemical properties, like stereochemistry, and general graphical styles, like the color of interactions, can additionally be edited. The primary objective of PoseEdit is to support scientists with an enhanced way to communicate ligand binding mode information through graphical 2D representations optimized with the scientist's input in accordance with objective criteria and individual needs. PoseEdit is freely available on the ProteinsPlus web server ( https://proteins.plus ).

Effects of aspect ratios and strengthening methods on seismic behavior of masonry piers strengthened by using hybrid-fibers modified reactive powder concrete

Piers are the main load-bearing elements of masonry structures. Damage to piers in earthquakes will lead to the collapse of the whole structure, so piers need to be strengthened. In order to study the effectiveness of hybrid-fibers modified reactive powder concrete (HFMRPC) coating strengthening on masonry piers and the influence of different strengthening methods and aspect ratios on the seismic behavior of masonry structures, six masonry walls with different aspect ratios (0.8, 1.0, and 1.4) and strengthened by different methods (unreinforced, single-sided coverage in piers, double-sided coverage in piers, and double-sided cross-bracing) were tested under in-plane quasi-static loading. The test and analysis results showed that the seismic behavior of masonry walls in terms of bearing capacity, displacement ductility, stiffness, and energy dissipation was effectively enhanced by HFMRPC coating. The improvement range of ductility coefficient, initial stiffness, and cumulative energy dissipation were 86.3% ∼ 229.3%, 18.2% ∼ 104.0%, and 57.0% ∼ 139.7%, respectively. The most suitable strengthening method for strengthening piers was double-sided cross-bracing compared with other methods. The strengthening effect of the double-sided coverage in piers was improved with the increased aspect ratio. Additionally, masonry wall shear strength and flexural capacity calculation methods were proposed based on GB 50003-2011, N-M interaction diagrams, and equivalent rectangular stress block.