Analysis Of Interactions Research Articles

Daily rhythm of the population mobility: the importance of public transport in functionally specific parts of the city

ABSTRACT This article explores the concept of temporal scenery in urban environments to understand specific urban rhythms through population mobility in selected parts of the city. The spatial configuration of intersecting temporalities can, upon deeper analysis, identify spatial or temporal attributes, or a certain affiliation to a specific spatio-temporal system. This article therefore provides a theoretical basis for concepts of urban rhythms and other empirical analyses of spatial data and interactions. The data from the census of public transport passengers in the area of Olomouc in the Czech Republic have been analysed. The visible existence of differences in the use of transport on weekdays and during weekends has been confirmed. In the empirical part of the work, specific urban rhythms were identified based on temporal and spatial conditionality. The specific features of selected parts of the city, such as the fragmented area of the University Hospital and the shopping mall on the periphery of the city, which are operated by separate public transport lines and differ in the course of the daily rhythm of the population’s mobility curve, are further analysed in depth with a view to identify the possible causes of this difference.

Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals the Immune Landscape of Granulomatous Mastitis.

Granulomatous mastitis (GM) is a form of non-lactational breast inflammation that is closely associated with autoimmune processes, however its underlying pathogenesis remains elusive. In this study, we employed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to conduct a comparative analysis of GM lesion tissues versus normal breast tissues, thereby unveiling the immune profile of GM tissues. Our investigation centered on TandNK cells, macrophages, epithelial cells, and endothelial cells. Notably, we observed a substantial infiltration of immune cells in GM tissues, accompanied by immune disorders, an elevation in Th1 cell counts, enrichment of the toll-like receptor (TLR) pathway, and upregulation of various factors including interferon-γ(IFN-γ), C-C motif chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3), CCL4, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL) 13, CD69, signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), and heat shock protein family A member 1A (HSPA1A). Furthermore, the macrophage subpopulations in GM tissues exhibited a transition to a pro-inflammatory phenotype, enriched for pathways such as interferon-γ (IFN-γ), IFN-α, interleukin-6/janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (IL-6/JAK/STAT3), and tumor necrosis factor-α/nuclear factor-κB (TNF-α/NF-κB). Mammary luminal cells demonstrated an impaired estrogenic profile yet displayed upregulation of prolactin downstream signaling pathways, namely the JAK/STAT and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Additionally, vascular endothelial cells were found to recruit immune cells and exhibited a prominent angiogenic profile in GM tissues. Cellular interaction analysis unveiled an intricate network of interactions between mesenchymal and immune cells. This study provides a comprehensive immune landscape of granulomatous mastitis and offers some potential therapeutic targets for the disease.

Automated Oxygen Titration With Noninvasive Respiratory Support in Acute In-Patient Care.

Background: When delivering high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy, automated oxygen titration increases time spent within a target SpO2 range compared with manually adjusted titration. This trial explored if this benefit is also achieved when CPAP or noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is used. Methods: This open label exploratory study randomized participants to automated oxygen titration or manual oxygen titration using a single respiratory support device capable of delivering HFNC, CPAP, and NIV. Participants were hospital in-patients requiring supplemental oxygen and one or more of HFNC, CPAP, and NIV; and could interchange between the three modalities according to clinical need. The primary outcome was the proportion of time spent within a target SpO2 range in participants who received ≥8 h of therapy. A secondary interaction analysis explored whether any difference between automated and manual titration differed by respiratory support modality. Results: A total of 68 participants received randomized therapy; 58 started on HFNC, 6 on CPAP, and 4 on NIV. A total of 62 had data for the primary end point, with median (interquartile range) proportion of time spent within the target SpO2 range with automated oxygen (n = 32) of 91.4% (84.3 to 97.5) versus 75.9% (64.0 to 87.8) with manually adjusted oxygen (n = 30); difference 13.9% (95% confidence interval 6.2-21.2), P < .001. The difference between automated and manual titration did not depend on respiratory support modality, P-interaction = .94. Conclusions: In hospitalized subjects predominantly receiving HFNC, automated oxygen titration had the effect of increasing time spent within a target SpO2 range compared with manual oxygen titration. Automated oxygen titration had a similar effect on a small subset of participants receiving CPAP and NIV.

Identification of NDUFV2, NDUFS7, OPA1, and NDUFA1 as biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease: Insights from oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in the hippocampus.

BackgroundAlzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by amyloid-β deposits, neurofibrillary tangles, and hippocampal neurodegeneration, with oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction playing critical roles in its pathogenesis. Identifying hub genes associated with these processes could advance biomarker discovery and therapeutic strategies.ObjectiveThis study aimed to identify key oxidative stress- and mitochondrial dysfunction-related genes in the AD hippocampus, evaluate their diagnostic potential, and explore therapeutic agents targeting these genes.MethodsWe analyzed datasets GSE48350 and GSE5281, encompassing 56 controls and 29 AD patients. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) selected genes with significance (adjusted p-value < 0.05 and |logFC| ≥ 0.5). Further studies involved immune cell infiltration, Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and intersecting differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with oxidative stress-related genes (ORGs) and mitochondrial dysfunction-related genes (MDRGs). Functional enrichment and Protein-protein interaction (PPI) analyses were conducted. Experimental validation was done in AD mouse models, and diagnostic potential was tested using datasets GSE28146 and GSE29652. Therapeutic drugs were predicted based on hub genes.ResultsAD showed altered immune cell expression. GSEA linked DEGs to nervous system processes and neurotransmitters. 194 oxidative stress-related DEGs were enriched in neuronal death and mitochondrial processes. PPI analysis identified 24 DEGs related to both oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction (DEO-MDRGs), with diagnostic potential (AUC > 0.5). LASSO regression selected four DEO-MDRGs: NDUFV2, NDUFS7, OPA1, and NDUFA1. Their protein levels were reduced in AD mice with decreased mitochondrial function. These genes showed good diagnostic performance. Potential drugs, like ME-344 and metformin hydrochloride, may be useful in AD treatment.ConclusionsNDUFV2, NDUFS7, OPA1, and NDUFA1 can serve as biomarkers for AD diagnosis.

Association of chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease risk with all-cause mortality: an interaction, joint and mediation analysis in Chinese adults

BackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health problem. This study aimed to evaluate the complex relationship of CKD and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk with mortality in different age groups and the mediation effect of CVD risk among Chinese adults.MethodsA total of 7533 participants from the 2009 wave of China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) cohort were included in this study and followed up to 2015. CKD was defined as the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 mL/min/1.73m2. Framingham risk score (FRS) was used to assess CVD risk. The interaction, joint association of CVD risk and CKD on mortality, and subsequent mediation effect were evaluated using multivariable Cox regression.ResultsCHNS cohort recorded 266 deaths over a mean follow-up time of 5.04 years. The all-mortality rates among adults with CKD and high CVD risk were significantly higher than healthy controls (22.48 and 21.30 per 1000 person-years). After adjusting for covariates of age, gender, BMI, hypertension, diabetes, hyperuricemia, smoking status, and alcohol consumption, the adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) of CKD and high CVD risk were 1.70 (95% CI 1.27–2.28) and 1.62 (95%CI 1.26–2.09), respectively. Joint effect analysis revealed that mortality hazard was highest in CKD patients with high CVD risk (aHR = 3.15, 95% CI 1.92–5.16). Mediation analysis showed that significant partial mediation by SBP and fasting glucose, accounting for 19.2% (p < 0.001) and 3.52% (p = 0.012) of the total effect of CKD on mortality.ConclusionsComprehensive strategies including lifestyle modifications, diet restrictions, and cardio-nephrology multidisciplinary treatment for mitigating CVD risk in CKD patients should focus on middle-aged people and early disease detection.

Exploring the Impact of Research Conducted by Turkish Researchers on Open and Distance Learning

Scientific productivity performance and scientific field mapping reveal the current status and trends of the relevant science field by examining the relationships between many components such as publication, source and author. The aim of this research is to examine the scientific productivity performance and scientific field map of international distance education research produced in Turkey. The bibliometric analysis method was used in this research. The search query for "distance education" was made in the Web of Science (WoS) database in April 2023, with no year limitation, and with only the fields of education. The analysis of the 12491249 data was made in the Biblioshiny application using the Bibliometrix package developed in the open-source R language. Main information results showed that 1249 studies in the dataset were published from 236 sources between 1994-2023. The most publications on distance education were produced in 2022. The most average citation per year on distance education was cited in 2002. The most relevant source was the “Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education”. The most cited source was the “Computer Education” journal. The most relevant institution was Anadolu University. It was found that research has been directed to the theme of COVID-19 in recent years. In addition, it was found that the motor themes were interactive learning environments, computer-mediated communication, cooperative learning, content analysis, educational technology, and massive online open course themes. In conclusion, this research showed the scientific productivity performance, conceptual structure, intellectual structure, and social structure of the publications produced in Turkey related to distance education. It is thought that the results will shed light on researchers in the field of distance education.

IKZF1 as a potential therapeutic target for dendritic cell-mediated immunotherapy in IgA nephropathy

BackgroundImmunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerulonephritis globally and a major cause of renal failure. Immune dysregulation drives its pathogenesis. This study identifies novel genes as potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets, elucidating immune mechanisms in IgAN.MethodsImmune cell infiltration analysis was conducted to explore the abnormal regulation of immune cells in IgAN. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was integrated with protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis to identify hub genes associated with dendritic cells (DCs) in IgAN. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and machine learning algorithms were employed to screen for DC-related diagnostic biomarkers from the dataset. Multiple bioinformatics methods were utilized to reveal shared molecular pathways. The findings were further validated through in vivo and vitro intervention experiments.ResultsWGCNA, Cytoscape, and three machine learning models collectively identified hub genes (IKZF1, MPEG1, CCR2, CCR5, and CCR7) that are significantly associated with DC immunity. Among these, IKZF1 was pinpointed as a key hub gene and a potential diagnostic biomarker for DC-related immune responses. Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) further revealed substantial differences in the biological processes, signaling pathways, and immune characteristics of DCs. RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence analyses confirmed enhanced infiltration of IKZF1+ DCs in the tissues of both IgAN mice and anti-Thy1 nephritis rats. Mechanistically, IKZF1 promotes inflammation by mediating the production of pro-inflammatory factors and enhancing antigen presentation in DCs; this effect can be mitigated by siIKZF1 or lenalidomide treatment under LPS-induced inflammatory conditions in vitro. Consistently, treatment with lenalidomide, a molecular degrader of IKZF1, in anti-Thy1 nephritis models effectively alleviated renal damage and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration.ConclusionsThis study delineated key patterns of immune cell infiltration in IgAN and identified diagnostic biomarkers associated with DCs, offering valuable insights into the potential therapeutic targeting of IKZF1+ DCs.

The complementarity and connectivity of locations: digitalization, sustainability, and disruptions

Abstract This paper explores the intersection of international business and economic geography through the lens of connectivity and complementarity of locations. Both facets are leveraged by economic agents like multinational enterprises (MNEs). Complementarity highlights the value created by integrating diverse locational assets, addressing why locations are connected, while connectivity focuses on how linkages are established and maintained. Our framework highlights the reciprocity between the dimensions of complementarity and connectivity to foster intellectual dialogue between the two fields of international business and economic geography. Disrupted global value chains and the digital transformation of economic activities are substantially reshaping the complementarity and connectivity of locations. In this context, we emphasize the need to incorporate technological, socio-political, environmental, and geopolitical dimensions into the analysis of MNE-location interaction.

Engagement with patients' sexual problems: a comparative study among general practitioners and obstetrician-gynecologists.

Even though good sexual health is an important part of well-being, the evaluation of patients' sexual problems is not necessarily routine for physicians. We compared engagement (attitudes, barriers to bringing up, and practice patterns) with patients' sexual problems among general practitioners (GPs) and obstetrician-gynecologists (OB/GYNs) with special regard for the sex and age of the physician. A web-based questionnaire was used for data collection from 2 samples of physicians. The completed questionnaires from 402 GPs and 299 OB/GYNs were eligible for analysis. In the statistical analysis, the GPs were compared with the OB/GYNs as entire groups with multivariable binary logistic regression adjusted for sex and age. In addition, interaction and subgroup analysis by sex and age groups were both carried out. Both GPs and OB/GYNs considered treating sexual problems to be an important health care practice. However, compared with the OB/GYNs, the GPs were less likely to inquire about sexual problems during general medical history-taking [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 0.23, 95% CI: 0.16-0.33, P < 0.0001] and more likely to consider diagnosing female sexual problems as being difficult (aOR: 2.44, 95% CI: 1.73-3.44, P < 0.0001). Compared with the OB/GYNs, the GPs were more likely to report having barriers-for example, "shortness of the appointment time" (aOR: 2.36, 95% CI: 1.53-3.63, P < 0.0001), "personal attitudes and beliefs" (aOR: 2.07, 95% CI: 1.41-3.67, P = 0.001), and "lack of knowledge about sexual medicine" (aOR: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.36-3.10, P = 0.001). Both GPs and OB/GYNs considered the treatment of sexual problems to be an important health care practice; however, the engagement with patients' sexual problems among GPs was less structured.

Problematic social media use and self-rated health among Swedish adolescents: is the association moderated by family support?

BackgroundRecent studies have documented a range of adverse health outcomes associated with excessive social media use among adolescents. Fewer studies have examined potential protective factors in this context. Our study aims to bridge this gap by exploring the relationship between Problematic Social Media Use (PSMU) and poor Self-Reported Health (SRH) among Swedish adolescents, while also examining the potential buffering role of family support.MethodsThe data was sourced from the 2017/18 cross-sectional Swedish Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study, encompassing 3,135 students aged 11, 13, and 15 years. PSMU was measured using the Social Media Disorder Scale and categorized into three levels: low risk of PSMU, moderate risk of PSMU and having PSMU. Poor SRH was defined as a binary variable, with ‘Less than good health’ as the outcome category. Family support was measured using three items that quantified the level of emotional support received, categorized into an index of low, moderate, and high family support. Logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the association between PSMU and poor SRH, adjusting for age, gender, and family affluence. The potential moderating effect of family support was analyzed by including variables to test for both multiplicative and additive interaction between PSMU and family support on the risk of poor SRH.ResultsAfter adjustment for covariates, the results revealed a graded association between PSMU and poor SRH, with adolescents classified as having PSMU showing the highest odds of poor SRH, followed by those at moderate risk for PSMU. No statistically significant interaction was found on the multiplicative scale. The additive interaction analysis indicated potential trends of a buffering effect of high family support on the risk of poor SRH among adolescents with PSMU, although this was not statistically confirmed [due to small numbers in some of the cells].ConclusionsOur study revealed a significant, graded relationship between PSMU and poor SRH, highlighting the need to limit excessive social media use among adolescents to prevent health issues. The finding, that high family support may serve as a potential protective factor against poor SRH in adolescents with PSMU underscores the role of family engagement in safeguarding adolescent well-being.

Survival after neoadjuvant and induction FOLFIRINOX versus gemcitabine-nab-paclitaxel in patients with resected localised pancreatic adenocarcinoma: an international multicentre study.

It remains unclear whether there is a difference in overall survival (OS) benefit between (m)FOLFIRINOX and gemcitabine-nab-paclitaxel as preoperative regimens for localised pancreatic adenocarcinoma. This study aimed to investigate the outcome of patients with resected localised pancreatic adenocarcinoma following (m)FOLFIRINOX versus gemcitabine-nab-paclitaxel. International multicentre retrospective study (16 centres, 8 countries, 3 continents), including consecutive patients after pancreatic resection for localised pancreatic adenocarcinoma following 2-6 months preoperative (m)FOLFIRINOX or gemcitabine-nab-paclitaxel (2010-2018). Primary endpoint was OS from start of preoperative chemotherapy. Cox regression analysis was performed to investigate the association of the preoperative chemotherapy regimen with OS, adjusted for confounders at diagnosis. Overall, 935 patients were included after resection of localised pancreatic adenocarcinoma following preoperative (m)FOLFIRINOX (65%) or gemcitabine-nab-paclitaxel (35%). Preoperative chemotherapy regimen (m)FOLFIRINOX was not associated with OS (HR = 0.83 [95% CI 0.64-1.08]), compared to gemcitabine-nab-paclitaxel. Interaction analysis showed stronger effect of (m)FOLFIRINOX in patients with a lower (i.e., non-elevated/marginally elevated) serum CA19-9 at diagnosis (pinteraction = 0.032). This international study found no OS benefit of preoperative (m)FOLFIRINOX in patients with resected localised pancreatic adenocarcinoma compared to gemcitabine-nab-paclitaxel.

Evaluation of Kubuqi Desert Wind Erosion Prevention Service and drivers of the actual wind erosion studies Based on RWEQ Model from 2000 to 2022.

Ecosystem service research is essential to identify the contribution of the ecosystem to human welfare. As an important ecological barrier zone, the Kubuqi Desert supports the use of a crucial wind erosion prevention service (WEPS) to improve the ecological environment quality. Based on the Revised Wind Erosion Equation (RWEQ) model, the spatial and temporal changes of WEPS in the Kubuqi Desert region were simulated from 2000 to 2022, and the impacts and interactions of natural and socio-economic factors including numerical and typological variables on the spatial pattern of wind and sand control services in the region were analyzed by using geographical detector. From 2000 to 2022, the total WEPS provided in the Kubuqi Desert ranged from 0.35 × 107 t to 1.26 × 107 t. The average WEPS per unit area was between 0.19 kg m-2 to 0.68 kg m-2.WEPS has a higher spatial distribution in the east and a lower spatial distribution in the west. Soil type was the most important driver of the actual wind erosion (SL), with vegetation cover, elevation, mean annual temperature, mean annual wind speed, and mean annual precipitation as the main drivers, and population size and GDP as secondary drivers. The interaction analysis showed that the interaction of weather factor, vegetation factor and soil factor is the dominant factor influencing the amount of soil wind erosion in the Kubuqi Desert.

Design, Development, and Characterization of High Drug-Loaded Drug-Drug-Polymer Ternary Amorphous Solid Dispersions.

Ternary amorphous solid dispersions (TASD) are a three-component system that incorporates at least one drug in an amorphous form, offering potential advantages over conventional binary amorphous solid dispersions (ASD). This study aimed to design, characterize, and evaluate a stable and soluble high drug-loaded TASD combining two poorly water-soluble drugs, curcumin (CUR) and resveratrol (RES), with a hydrophilic polymer. Polymer screening studies, including miscibility, crystallization tendency, Flory-Huggins interaction parameter, and solubility parameter, were complemented by advanced techniques such as crystallization kinetics and molecular interaction analysis to assess drug-polymer interactions and amorphous stability. After selecting the optimal polymer, TASDs were prepared by rotary evaporation. Pure drugs, physical mixtures, binary, and ternary ASDs were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. In-vitro dissolution under non-sink conditions was performed using a USP-II apparatus, and centrifuged samples were analyzed by UV-Vis spectroscopy. Long-term physical stability was assessed over 12 months at room temperature. Eudragit EPO was identified as the optimal polymer among EPO, HPMCAS, and S100. The resulting high drug-loaded (50% w/w) TASD was amorphous, exhibiting a single glass transition temperature (Tg) with strong drug-polymer interactions. In dissolution studies, the 50% drug-loaded TASD showed a ~ 197-fold and ~ fourfold increase in dissolved CUR and RES, respectively, compared to the crystalline drugs in the physical mixture after 1 h in acidic condition. Despite a lower RES release, it was still twice the release from binary ASDs. The TASD formulation remained physically amorphous for 12 months at room temperature storage.

Characterization of the WRKY family transcription factors in Astragalus membranaceus and their expression under drought stress

Drought and other abiotic stressors exert significant impacts on plant growth, development, and yield. WRKY transcription factors (TFs) are pivotal in regulating plant responses to such stresses. This study conducted a genome-wide identification of the Astragalus membranaceus (A. membranaceus) WRKY TF family, aiming at providing essential stress-tolerance genes for molecular breeding in A. membranaceus. Using bioinformatics approaches, including phylogenetic analysis, gene structure analysis, protein conserved motif prediction, and promoter cis-acting element examination, we identified 76 WRKY TF family members unevenly distributed across eight chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis categorized the 76 AmWRKY proteins into three major classes: 14 in Class I, 52 in Class II, and 10 in Class III. Analysis of conserved structural domains revealed that similarities among domains of the same class AmWRKYs, with a predominance of members containing the conserved “WRKYGQK” heptapeptide domain and zinc finger structure, despite a few members had conserved domain variants. Gene structure analysis demonstrated that AmWRKY genes include 1–6 exons and 1–5 introns. GO and KEGG analyses revealed the differentially expressed WRKY genes are primarily transcription regulators involved in stress response pathways, with significant enrichment in DNA-binding activities, nuclear localization, and plant-pathogen/MAPK signaling. Transcriptome and qRT-PCR analyses indicated that several WRKY TFs, including AmWRKY8, were involved in the response to drought stress. Furthermore, it was confirmed that AmWRKY8 is localized exclusively in the nucleus and possesses transcriptional activation activity. Protein interaction analysis revealed that AmWRKY8 coordinates drought stress responses by interacting with key regulators of hormone signaling (AtWRKY70, ERF6), mitochondrial stress (NAC017), and developmental processes (HBI1). These findings are useful in further investigations into the regulatory role of this this TF in abiotic stress responses.

The relationship between physical activity, orthostatic blood pressure reactions and subclinical atherosclerosis: the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS).

An abnormal blood pressure (BP) response on standing is associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). The role of physical activity (PA) on orthostatic BP-reactions and its relation to subclinical atherosclerosis is unclear. We aimed to assess the association between PA and orthostatic BP-reactions, and whether PA modifies the relationship between orthostatic BP-reactions and subclinical atherosclerosis. A total of 5,396 middle aged subjects from the population-based SCAPIS-study were included. Associations between orthostatic BP-response and accelerometer-derived PA were studied using linear regression. Interaction analyses were performed to study modifying effects of PA on the relationship between orthostatic BP-response and subclinical coronary atherosclerosis, assessed by coronary artery calcium score (CACS). Moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) was associated with less pronounced orthostatic systolic BP (SBP) increase but more pronounced orthostatic diastolic BP increase after adjusting for age, sex, total wear time, proportion weekend days and season (Beta per 1%-increase(mmHg):0.12; p = <0.01 and -0.06; p = 0.02, respectively). Subjects with high MVPA were less likely to have orthostatic hypertension (OHTN), but more likely to have orthostatic hypotension (OH; p = 0.002 for both). Individuals with higher CACS were more likely to have OH (p = 0.041) but not OHTN (p = 0.276). There were no interactions of PA on the association between orthostatic BP-response and CACS. In conclusion, physically active middle-aged individuals are less likely to show inappropriate SBP-increase upon standing, but more likely to have excessive SBP-decrease. PA does not modify the association between orthostatic BP-response and subclinical atherosclerosis. The relationship between PA, orthostatic BP and CVD is likely to be complex.

Elevated urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio as a risk factor for cognitive impairment in older adults: A cross-sectional analysis of NHANES data.

Cognitive impairment is an escalating challenge in aging populations, with risk factors extending beyond traditional domains. The urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), a marker of kidney and vascular health, has been associated with systemic dysfunction, yet its association with cognitive impairment remains underexplored. This study aims to delve into the association between UACR and cognitive function in older adults. This study conducted a cross-sectional analysis using data from the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), including 2,385 adults aged ≥60 years. Cognitive function was assessed using composite 'Cognitive Scores' derived from standardized tests. Participants were categorized into quartiles based on UACR levels. Multivariate linear regression models were used to evaluate the association between UACR and cognitive scores. Additionally, multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between UACR and cognitive impairment, adjusting for demographic and clinical covariates. Smooth curve fitting and interaction analyses were also performed to further investigate the relationship between UACR and cognitive impairment. For every 10-unit increase in UACR, cognitive scores declined by 0.019 (β = -0.019, 95% CI: -0.036 to -0.002; P < 0.05), and the odds of cognitive impairment increased by 2.6% (OR = 1.026, 95% CI: 1.004 to 1.048; P < 0.05). This trend was also observed in participants with UACR levels below 30, where for every 10-unit increase in UACR, cognitive scores decreased by 0.013 (β = -0.013, 95% CI: -0.027 to -0.001; P < 0.05), and the odds of cognitive impairment increased by 1.4% (OR = 1.014, 95% CI: 1.003 to 1.038; P < 0.05). The study also identified a nonlinear relationship, where the risk of cognitive impairment increased with rising UACR levels, but this risk plateaued at a UACR value of 12.86. Hypertension was found to be a significant factor influencing the relationship between UACR and cognitive impairment (P for interaction < 0.05). This study highlights the significant association between elevated UACR and cognitive impairment in older adults. Notably, even at lower UACR levels, increases in UACR are associated with a higher risk of cognitive impairment. These findings underscore the importance of incorporating kidney health management into strategies aimed at preventing cognitive decline. Further longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the causal relationship and explore interventions targeting UACR to preserve cognitive function.

Research on the impact of green advertising information on green purchase behavior in social media: SEM-ANN approach

PurposeThis study aims to explore the impact of green advertising information on social media on consumers’ green purchasing behavior. It utilizes the SOR model to investigate how detailed environmental protection and product performance attributes in advertisements influence consumer behavior. The study also examines the moderating role of attribution of responsibility in enhancing these effects.Design/methodology/approachData were collected through an online questionnaire, resulting in 541 valid responses. The data were analyzed using a hybrid approach combining structural equation modeling (SEM) and artificial neural networks (ANN) via Amos 22.0 software.FindingsThe results show that advertisements containing detailed environmental and product performance information significantly enhance information quality, which in turn positively impacts green purchasing behavior. Furthermore, consumers’ awareness of the environmental crisis was positively related to their green purchasing behavior. The study also finds that attribution of responsibility amplifies the positive effects of information quality and environmental crisis awareness on consumers’ unconditional green purchases.Originality/valueThis study introduces a hybrid SEM-ANN approach, enhancing the model’s predictive power and providing deeper insights into the non-linear relationships between green advertising, consumer awareness, and purchasing behavior. By offering a more robust analysis of these complex interactions, it contributes original insights into how green advertising messages on social media can effectively influence consumer green purchasing behaviors. The study emphasizes the importance of information quality and environmental awareness, providing a framework for companies to tailor their advertising strategies to better engage consumers with green products.

Significance of relative fat mass to estimate prevalent prehypertension and hypertension in the general population

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the relationship between relative fat mass (RFM) with prehypertension and hypertension in general population. Methods This investigation was a cross-sectional study that recruited 4,885 community-dwelling residents from Zhejiang Province in September 2023 to November 2023. The logistic regression and penalized spline method were applicated to determine the correlation between RFM with prehypertension and hypertension. The interaction effects and subgroups analyses were further conducted to estimate the stability of aforesaid findings. Besides, the category-free analysis was performed to demonstrate whether the addition of the RFM levels to the traditional model could improve the risk classification of prehypertension and hypertension. Results The prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension were respectively 64.8%. Multivariable logistic regression indicated the risk of prehypertension (hazard ratio, 1.99; 95% confidence interval, 1.63-2.44) and hypertension (3.41; 2.81-4.14) respectively increased by 99% and 241% per standard deviation increase in RFM after adjusting for established risk factors. Taking the participants in the lowest RFM quartile as the reference, and those with highest quartile had a significantly increased risk of prehypertension (5.26; 3.03-9.12) and hypertension (20.42; 11.84-35.22). The restricted cubic splines demonstrated aforesaid associations were linear, and interaction and subgroup analysis observed the stability of these findings. The category-free analysis suggested that addition of RFM to the traditional model eventuated an improvement in predictive ability of prehypertension and hypertension. Conclusions Our results corroborated the positive association between RFM with prehypertension and hypertension. Clinically, the calculation of RFM should be emphasized in the risk assessment of hypertension and prehypertension

CO2 capture using mixed amines: experimental DFT investigation with focus on improvements in cyclic efficiency and NO interference.

Post-combustion CO2 capture offers a promising solution for reducing carbon from power plants and marine emissions. By capturing CO2 from exhaust gases, it helps lessen the environmental impact. This paper evaluates the comparative performance of a hybrid blend of such absorbents as N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), ethanolamine (MEA), tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA), aminomethylpropanol (AMP), and piperazine (PZ) for CO2 capture, with emphasis on imitations of the flue gases for a marine engine. MDEA was taken as a base amine, while the percentages of MEA, TEPA, AMP, and PZ were taken in variable proportions to optimize absorption, desorption, and cyclic CO2 capacity. The absorbents were tested under simulated marine engine flue gas conditions with exposure to NO to test their performance and robustness in real-world CO2 capture scenarios. The highest initial CO2 absorption capacity was recorded for the TEPA + MDEA mixture; however, the presence of NO causes a serious decrease in this absorption. Under identical conditions, an opposite effect-that is, the increase of its CO2 absorption-was found in the AMP + MDEA mixture, pointing out how complex interactions between blend composition and gas contaminants are. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were obtained with frontier molecular orbital (FMO) analysis, natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis, electron density difference (EDD) mappings, and non-covalent interaction (NCI) analysis. FMO analysis of the adsorption of CO2 showed a decrease in highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO-LUMO) energy gaps, potentially signifying higher reactivity. Relevant charge transfer from CO2 to the blends was evidenced by NBO analysis, which is consistent with the outcomes of EDD and NCI analyses that indicated non-bonding van der Waals interactions between CO2 and absorbent components. The study throws new light on mixed absorbents for post-combustion CO2 capture and emphasizes the role of computational techniques in understanding molecular interactions, energy dynamics, and bonding mechanisms, thus assisting the design of advanced absorbents for sustainable CO2 capture technologies.

A bioinformatics exploration of lung adenocarcinoma identifies hub genes with prognostic significance: from data to discovery

BackgroundLung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is one of the main forms of carcinomas that contribute towards cancer-related mortality and morbidity. Identification of hub genes through various in silico approaches can lead to the successful prognosis of LUAD and may serve in reducing mortalities rising from it respectively.MethodThis research employs an integrated bioinformatics approach to uncover the molecular intricacies of LUAD. Utilizing the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset, we identified GSE19188, GSE18842, GSE31210, and GSE19804 specific datasets from 423 LC tissues and 190 healthy tissues (controls). Differential gene expression analysis using GEO2R and Venn diagrams led to the identification of 851 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), comprising 240 overexpressed and 611 under-expressed genes. To elucidate their roles in LUAD etiology, we conducted protein–protein interaction (PPI) analysis utilizing Cytoscape and Cytohubba software’s, revealing densely interconnected gene clusters with potential prognostic significance. Additionally, gene ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were able to shed light on the involvement of these DEGs in processes such as cell cycle modulation and apoptosis, which are crucial in LUAD pathogenesis. Moreover, validation of the hub gene expression and their association with overall survival was performed using the University of Alberta Cancer Research Network (UALCAN) and Human Protein Atlas (HPA) databases, supporting our findings.ResultsThe identified DEGs, including cyclin-dependent kinase-1 (CDK1), cyclin B2 (CCNB2), cell division cycle 20 (CDC20), BUB1 mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine kinase B (BUB1B), cyclin A2 (CCNA2), discs-large associated protein 5 (DLGAP5), abnormal spindle microtubule assembly (ASPM), arrestin beta 1 (ARRB1), and caveolin-1 (CAV1), may serve as potential biomarkers for LUAD pathogenesis and should be explored further.ConclusionThe present bioinformatics analysis enhances our understanding of molecular mechanisms contributing to LUAD and suggests that the hub genes identified could be promising targets for accurate diagnosis and novel therapeutic strategies in LUAD. Further investigations are necessary to validate and translate these findings into real-world clinical applications, paving the way for more effective treatments and improved outcomes in LUAD patients.Graphical