Intensive Work Research Articles

Determination of cardiovascular risks in adult individuals and assessment of the level of knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors

Aims: In the last century, the negative effects of factors such as nutrition, intense work tempo and stress on cardiovascular health have been increasing. The importance of preventive health services is increasing and policies are being developed to increase quality. In Family Medicine practice, calculating the CVD risk that adult patients who do not have complaints about the cardiovascular system may experience in the coming years becomes important in this sense. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to calculate the ten-year risk of fatal cardiovascular events by SCORE risk scoring in apparently cardiovascularly healthy individuals presenting to a family medicine outpatient clinic and to plan treatment according to the results. We also aim to evaluate the awareness of CVD risk factors in these individuals by using the CARRF-KL Scale, whose reliability and efficacy have been shown in various previous studies. Methods: 122 voluntary individuals between the ages of 40-80 were recruited to a family medicine polyclinic for any reason (43 males, 79 females). Participants' awareness was assessed by the cardiovascular disease risk awareness scale (KARRIF-BD) and the 10-year cardiovascular disease risk by the SCORE risk score. Results: When the participants' SCORE risk averages were examined, 32.8% were low risk, 50.8% middle risk, 10.7% high risk and 5.7% very high risk group. When SBP levels according to the SCORE risk distribution were evaluated, in 7 patients with a very high risk distribution and the SBP value was higher than 130 mmHg, 2 of which were in the range of 130-139 mmHg, and 5 of them were above 140 mmHg. There was a statistically significant correlation between total cholesterol and LDL-C levels and SCORE risk score distribution of lipid profile distributions of participants (p<0.05). This relationship was not detected in HDL-C and TG levels. The mean scores of the men in the study group on the Karrif-BD scale were 24.83, while the women were 24.31 and there was no difference between the gender. When the KARRIF-BD scale mean scores were compared with the SCORE risk score distribution, no significant difference was found between the groups (F=1.026, p=0.384). Conclusion: Our study suggests that SCORE risk assessment in cardiovascular disease is an easy assessment that can routinely be performed in family medicine outpatient clinics. It is possible that cardiovascular diseases can be detected and prevented in advance by the spread of clinical measures such as SCORE and risk measures such as KARRIF-BD

АВТОНОМНЫЕ АВТОМОБИЛЬНЫЕ ТРАНСПОРТНЫЕ СРЕДСТВА: ПРАВОВОЙ ОПЫТ ЯПОНИИ

The purpose of the work is to study the law-making and implementation practices in the field of legal regulation of public relations related to the production and operation of autonomous vehicles in Japan. This country occupies one of the leading positions both in the Asia-Pacific region and around the world in terms of technologies and innovations in the field of autonomous driving. Legal acts of this state allowed driving of level 4 autonomy for the first time in 2023. The article reveals the content of the Act of Japan on Amendments to the Road Traffic Act, published on April 27, 2022 and entered into force on April 1, 2023. Intensive work is underway in the Russian Federation to create a draft Federal Statute on highly automated vehicles, which is planned to be submitted to the Parliament of the Russian Federation in 2024. In order to improve the regulatory framework for highly automated vehicles in the Russian Federation, it would be useful to study the legal experience of Japan, accumulated in the field of highly automated vehicles creation and operation. The author analyzes the data presented in the Autonomous Vehicle Readiness Index 2020 and the current situation in the field of autonomous driving in Japan, and comes to the conclusion that Japan has done a lot in recent years to take into account all its mistakes and correct the shortcomings noted in this Index. The study provides an analysis of points of view on the issue of subjects of legal liability in the situation of causing harm as a result of the operation of autonomous vehicles.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND SATISFACTION WITH ONE’S PHYSICAL APPEARANCE

The main goal of this research is to determine to what degree people engaged in physical activity are actually satisfied with their physical appearance. The goal is also to investigate whether there are differences in the examined variables, concerning different demographic characteristics such as gender, age, education and income. The research was conducted online, using a Google questionnaire. The sample consists of 585 respondents. Data was processed in the SPSS programme. Due to the fact that the distribution of scores on the registered variables deviates statistically significantly from the norm, non-parametric techniques were applied. The results show that people who are most satisfied with their physical appearance are also the most physically active and committed to doing more intensive work on their body and appearance (ρ=0.473; p<0.01). Women (U=24470.500; p<0.05), people with higher incomes (X2=8.102; p<0.05), and younger people (X2=20.533; p<0.01) are the most physically active and committed to their physical appearance, while there are no statistically significant differences in scores when it comes to physical activity and commitment to physical appearance (p>0.05) between groups of people with different levels of education. The implications of this research lie in the identification of the part of the population which is not physically active enough, which may provide the state and its agencies the opportunity to more actively promote various types and aspects of physical activity, in order to raise awareness about importance of physical activity and the benefits it generally provides.

Complex multiphase predicting of additive manufactured high entropy alloys based on data augmentation deep learning

Additive Manufacturing (AM) can rapidly fabricate and produce customized, large-scale components, thereby fully exploiting High-Entropy Alloys (HEAs)' performance and industrial value—their broad potential for application in extreme service environments such as nuclear energy and aerospace. Because HEAs have a vast composition space, researchers can accurately map their mechanical properties by HEAs phases to reduce time-consuming and intensive experimental work. However, it is still a considerable challenge to predict HEAs phases accurately. And machine learning (ML) can predict the phases to accelerate the study of HEAs.To accurately predict the HEAs phases, the study propose deep learning (DL) algorithms that rely on AM process parameters and data augmentation and do the following: (i) This study developed a more detailed phase classification strategy for HEAs to enable the model to predict the complex multiphase of HEAs; (ii) The process parameters of AM affect the formation of the HEAs phase. In this study, the process parameters of AM are added to the model features to improve the model's accuracy in predicting the HEAs phase; (iii) To alleviate the data scarcity dilemma of HEAs, this study use data augmentation to improve DL's performance further. The results show that after adding AM process parameters to the model and performing data augmentation, the DL model's accuracy to 91.23%. In addition, this study manufactured four new HEAs through AM experiments to verify the robustness and practicality of their algorithms.

Assessment of the Effect of Different Bio-Stimulants on the Growth, Quality, and Yield of Strawberries in a Sub-Tropical Climatic Region: A Case Study

This case study investigates the impact of different bio-stimulants, including Novel prime organic liquid nutrient, Vermi wash, and Cow urine, on vegetative growth, flowering, and fruit yield of sweet sensation variety of strawberry plants. An intensive research work was carried out at an experimental land located in north Konkan zone of Maharashtra, India. The experiment employs a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications to evaluate growth at various stages and yield parameters. The results demonstrate that the strategic application of 2% concentration of Novel prime organic liquid nutrient and 2% Vermiwash significantly improves the plant growth and yield of strawberry. This treatment remarkable yielded 5418 kg/ha, while the appreciable yield achieved to 4733 kg/ha for the Vermiwash treatment. The results also highlight the potential of sustainable strawberry cultivation and suggesting its viability for countries that traditionally depend on rain-fed crops. This may significantly improve the pattern of agricultural practices in those regions. Strawberry cultivation is an economically significant horticultural practice worldwide. Enhancing the growth, quality, and yield of strawberry plants is crucial for improving production and profitability.

Factors influencing the healthcare transition in Chinese adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease: a multi-perspective qualitative study

BackgroundThe development and implementation of the transition from pediatric to adult healthcare systems for adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) should consider stakeholders’ perceptions. This study aimed to explore the factors influencing the transition of Chinese adolescents with IBD from the perspectives of patients, parents, and healthcare providers.MethodsA descriptive qualitative research was conducted. Purposive sampling was used to recruit 36 participants, including 13 patients, 13 parents, and 10 providers, from a tertiary pediatric IBD center, a tertiary adult IBD center, and the China Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation in Zhejiang Province, China. Individual semi-structured interviews were used to collect data on facilitators and barriers to the transition process. Conventional content analysis was used to analyze the interview transcripts.ResultsNine primary themes were identified. Patients with young age, prolonged disease duration, severe disease, academic pressures such as the Gaokao, low level of disease acceptance, limited transition consciousness, low self-efficacy, poor transition communication, and inadequate medical transition system serve as barriers. While patients with the mentality of guilt towards their parents; parents with low education levels and intensive work schedules, high levels of disease acceptance, and situations of parent-child separation; stakeholders with high transition consciousness, high transition self-efficacy, and effective transition communication act as facilitators. Furthermore, community support and hospital guide services were also contributing factors during the transition.ConclusionsThis study offers comprehensive insights into the factors affecting the transition of Chinese adolescent IBD patients. The process is continuously influenced by stakeholders, community, and healthcare environments and policies. Identifying these factors provides healthcare providers with a reference for developing and implementing targeted transition interventions.

Impact of enterprises of the mining and metallurgical complex of the Sverdlovsk region on the environment and directions of its reduction

Purpose of the work. A long-term intensive work of mining and metallurgical enterprises in Sverdlovsk region, caused by the presence of a large number of ore deposits, inevitably leads to the serious negative environmental impact. The purpose of this work is the analysis of this impact in recent years, measures taken by the largest enterprises for its reduction and the assessment of area and abilities of the work in this direction. Methodology. In this work, data from open sources for analysis and systematization were used – government reports on the state of the environment in Sverdlovsk region, scientific reports, official statistical data. Results and their field of application. There are data on environmental impact of the largest mining and metallurgical enterprises of Sverdlovsk region: JSC “EVRAZ Kachkanarskiy ore mining and processing combine”, JSC “Vysokogorskiy mining and processing combine”, JSC “Nizhnetagilskiy metallurgical combine”, JSC “United Company RUSAL Ural’s aluminum” and others analyzed and systematized. There are the opportunities of this negative impact reduction and required direction of actions according to the authors described: 1) development and implementation of the integrated territorial eco-technological approach that includes the elaboration of various and heterogeneous natural-technological, economic, managerial and social aspects; 2) implementation of green technologies; 3) environmental quality prediction and the use of prediction data when implementing production activity. Conclusions. A number of large enterprises of the industry show the trend of the improving of ecological performance through a variety of activities in the area of environmental protection. It should be noted that one of the factors mainly determining the degree of environmental impact, remains the volume of production. The implementation of complex and ambitious tasks related to the environmental impact of the mining and metallurgical enterprises reduction requires the introduction of serious scientific and practical developments with appropriate financial support and consistent implementation of state policy.

Maghemite nanoparticles synthesis via spray flame synthesis and particle characterization by hole in a tube sampling and scanning mobility particle sizing (HIAT-SMPS)

In order to standardize spray flame synthesis (SFS) studies, intensive work has been done in recent years on the design of burner types. Thus, in 2019, the so-called SpraySyn1 burner was introduced (SS1), which was subsequently characterized in numerical and experimental studies. Based on this research, a modification of the nozzle design was proposed, which has now been considered in the successor model, SpraySyn2 (SS2). As little is known about the effect of the nozzle adaptation on the particle formation, we operated both burners under identical operating conditions to produce maghemite. The final powder comparison showed that SS2 yielded considerable higher specific surface areas (associated with smaller primary particle sizes), lower polydispersity, and higher phase purity. To obtain further information on the size distributions of aggregates and agglomerates generated by SS2, aerosol samples were extracted by hole in a tube (HIAT) sampling and characterized by scanning mobility particle sizing (SMPS). Samples were extracted along the centerline at different heights above the burner (HAB) above the visible flame tip (>7 cm), and quenching experiments were performed to extract the aerosol samples at different dilution rates. Thereby, it was demonstrated that performing detailed quenching experiments is crucial for obtaining representative HIAT-SMPS data. In particular, agglomerates/aggregate sizes were overestimated by up to ∼70 % if samples were not sufficiently diluted. If sufficient dilution was applied, distribution widths and mean particle mobility diameters were determined with high accuracy (sample standard derivation <5 %). Our data suggested the evolution of primary particle sizes was mostly completed <7 cm HAB and it was shown aggregates/agglomerates present above the visible flame were compact in structure (non-fractal). The mean diameter of the particle ensemble grew along the centerline from 6.9 nm (7 cm) to 11.4 nm (15 cm), while distribution widths grew from 1.42 to 1.52.

Participatory ground data are complementary to satellite bark beetle detection

Key messageDuring pest outbreaks, mapping tools play an important role. Participatory projects can provide useful ground data, which have a high accuracy in detecting early-stage infestations and small spots of the European spruce bark beetle Ips typographus. However, satellite approaches are fundamental to clearly estimate infestation occurrence because ground data are spatially biased. Here, we show how a participatory approach involving nonspecialized staff and based on GIS-based app may contribute ground truth data that are fully complementary to satellite data.ContextIn Europe, bark beetle outbreaks were recently triggered by windstorms and heat waves, with the European spruce bark beetle Ips typographus. as the most important pest species. Huge efforts are needed for continuous mapping and monitoring of affected areas, especially during an incipient large-scale infestation. This is particularly difficult in mountain landscapes because of the rugged topography.AimsIn addition to the use of remote sensing techniques, ground surveys are still an important source of data, providing detailed information on the symptoms of the affected trees and the stage of the attacks. Unfortunately, these surveys are extremely time demanding and require intensive field work. We wanted to assess how a participatory approach based on nonspecialized staff may contribute to data collection.MethodsGeoreferenced outbreak data were collected in the field in the Southern Alps (Italy) using a smartphone application based on ArcGIS platform. The survey was based on a participatory approach on a voluntary basis, involving citizens aware of forest practices. Visual analysis of satellite images was performed monthly to assess the visibility of reported infestations. Using a binomial model, we tested how the type of report (i.e., on-site/off-site), size of spot, stage of infestation, and their interactions affect detectability. In addition, spot occurrences within a study area were mapped for comparison with ground surveillance. Closeness to roads was tested between reported and unreported spots.ResultsWebGIS platform allowed us to retrieve near real-time information on bark beetle outbreaks and to compare the results with satellite imagery. Using visual analysis of satellite images, we detected only ~ 50% of the spots observed in the field, and detectability decreased dramatically for smaller and early-stage spots. Field observations were mostly concentrated near roads and covered only ~ 10% of the spots detected on satellite images.ConclusionThe participatory approach is particularly helpful in mapping early-stage and small infestations, while satellite images are better suited at covering large areas and detect large and advanced-stage spots. The integration of those approaches is promising, and it can greatly improve the overall understanding of bark beetle outbreaks under emergency situations. A greater effort in developing smart applications for ground detection will benefit future monitoring of forest pests.

Aiming for the good life: A study of two BAPS-led youth programmes in India

This article explores two youth programmes, YTK (Yuvati/Yuvak Talim Kendra) and IPDC (Integrated Personality Development Course), created by BAPS (Bochasanwasi Shri Akshar Purushottam Swaminarayan Sanstha), a global Hindu community. Both programmes rest on BAPS’s vision of the good life while recognising globally circulating ideas of success that associate economic mobility with self-motivated and disciplined workers. In the context of neoliberalising India, BAPS programmes provide a toolkit for attaining devotional objectives and aspirational success where each depends on refashioning the self into an optimised ideal. BAPS’s emphasis on the continuous and affectively intensive work of self-making in order to attain devotional goals draws attention to the translatability of devotional labour to those market arenas that demand affective responsiveness and flexibility. The youth programmes highlight the global discourse of self-improvement, filtered through BAPS conceptions of self in relation to others and point to the continued salience of religion in entrepreneurial times.

Use and perspective of entomopathogenic fungi biocontrol agents of Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri): A bibliometric review

The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae), is the main insect vector of the bacteria Candidatus liberibacter spp., which are the causative agents of Citrus Greening disease, also known as Huanglongbing (HLB). The current lack of treatment for the disease means that intensive work is required to manage psyllid populations, mainly through chemical control methods. Since biological control has become a promising management strategy and entomopathogenic fungi are one of the components of integrated pest management, this review aimed to compare previously published results regarding the most efficient fungi for controlling D. citri and to gather information about the best options available. To this end, the bibliography indexed in the Scopus and Web of Science databases was analyzed using bibliometric tools with the R Studio software and the Bibliometrix package. In recent years, Cordyceps fumosorosea, Beauveria bassiana, and Hirsutella citriformis were identified as the most relevant fungus species, showing efficient results. In addition, the countries that publish the most on this subject are also among the largest citrus producers. Studies performed under greenhouse and field conditions are still scarce but necessary to validate the results obtained in the laboratory, as well as those that explore the mechanisms of action involved in the pathogenicity of fungi against D. citri, which are matters to consider in future assessments.

Cystatin C based estimation of chronic kidney disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in the ALS registry Swabia: associated risk and prognostic value

Kidney function as part of metabolic changes could be associated with amyotrophic lateral-sclerosis (ALS). We investigated the associations between estimated chronic kidney disease (CKD), based on the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) cystatin C equation, and the risk at onset and prognostic value of CKD for ALS. Between October 2010 and June 2014, 362 ALS cases (59.4% men, mean age 65.7 years) and 681 controls (59.5% men, means age 66.3 years) were included in a population-based case–control study based on the ALS registry Swabia in Southern Germany. All ALS cases were followed-up (median 89.7 months), 317 died. Serum samples were measured for cystatin C to estimate the glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) according to the CKD-EPI equation. Information on covariates were assessed by an interview-based standardized questionnaire. Conditional logistic regression models were applied to calculate odds ratios (OR) for risk of ALS associated with eGFR/CKD stages. Time-to-death associated with renal parameters at baseline was assessed in ALS cases only. ALS cases were characterized by lower body mass index, slightly lower smoking prevalence, more intense occupational work and lower education than controls. Median serum cystatin-C based eGFR concentrations were lower in ALS cases than in controls (54.0 vs. 59.5 mL/min pro 1.73 m2). The prevalence of CKD stage ≥ 3 was slightly higher in ALS cases than in controls (14.1 vs. 11.0%). In the adjusted models, CKD stage 2 (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.32, 2.52) and stage 3 (OR 2.34, 95% CI 1.38, 3.96) were associated with increased ALS risk. In this cohort of ALS cases, eGFR and CKD stage ≥ 3 (HR 0.94; 95% CI 0.64, 1.38) were not associated with prognosis. In this case–control study, higher CKD stages were associated with increased ALS risk, while in the prospective cohort of ALS cases, no indication of an association of CysC-based CKD on mortality was seen. In addition, our work strengthens the importance to evaluate renal function using a marker independent of muscle mass in ALS patients.

Deontological Guilt and Moral Distress as Diametrically Opposite Phenomena: A Case Study of Three Clinicians.

Feelings of guilt are human emotions that may arise if a person committed an action that contradicts basic moral mores or failed to commit an action that is considered moral according to their ethical standards and values. Psychological scholarship distinguishes between altruistic guilt (AG) and deontological guilt (DG). AG results from having caused harm to an innocent victim, either by acting or failing to act, whereas DG is caused by violating a moral principle. Although physicians may be expected to experience frequent feelings of guilt in their demanding and intensive work, it is surprising to find that this issue has not been explored in the professional literature on medical ethics. To that end, we conducted a qualitative study that included personal in-depth interviews with Sunni Muslim gynaecologists. These doctors provide underground infertility care and perform religiously forbidden treatments involving sex selection and gamete donation. They opened their hearts and spoke about the emotionally taxing pangs of conscience they suffer. Analysing their narratives led us to characterize their feelings of guilt as DG. We discuss the causes for their plight and the way they cope with it, compare DG to the concept of moral distress, and call for future research on clinicians' feelings of guilt and pangs of conscience.

Use of photogrammetry to survey Iron Age rock art motifs in the Côa Valley: the Vermelhosa Rock 3 case study (Vila Nova de Foz Côa, Portugal)

The Côa Valley, listed as a World Heritage site since 1998, presents over 1200 open-air engraved rock panels. TheArchaeological Park of the Côa Valley has meticulously documented these rock art motifs, employing various techniques including direct tracing processes on the rocks, using both natural and artificial lighting. However, this intensive work is highly demanding, especially considering that many of the rocks are not easily accessible. In the context of the "Open Access Rock Art Repository" (RARAA) project, this paper presents a methodology for the three-dimensional (3D) survey of rocks with rock art motifs, as well as the subsequent production of orthophotos from the resulting 3D models, accomplished through photogrammetry. These orthophotos serve as the foundation for the vector drawing of the motifs. Remarkably, the level of detail captured in these records has shown that most of the motifs are visible and can be accurately represented through the orthophotos. This has significantly reduced the time required for field surveys. However, in certain cases where specific small areas of the panel are affected by challenging lighting conditions, further fieldwork is still necessary, analogous to the direct tracing process. Additionally, this study introduces an information system designed to integrate the vector graphics and the motifs characterisation data; this supports enhanced research in the area and promotes improved open access for potential reuse in new interpretations or integration into future projects. By creating highly detailed 3D models, the authors complement the two-dimensional drawings of the surfaces and ensure the digital preservation of both the rocks and the associated iconography. These records serve as highly detailed digital surrogates that facilitate the monitoring efforts of the rocks and motifs; they also guarantee the availability of valuable resources for future research and analysis, even if natural or deliberate changes occur.

Regulation (EU) 2017/746 (IVDR): practical implementation of annexI in pathology.

Regulation (EU) 2017/746 on in vitro diagnostic medical devices (IVDR) imposes several conditions on pathology departments that develop and use in-house in vitro diagnostic medical devices (IH-IVDs). However, not all of these conditions need to be implemented immediately after the IVDR entered into force on 26May 2022. Based on an amending regulation of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, the requirements for IH-IVDs will be phased in. Conformity with the essential safety and performance requirements of annexI must be ensured from May2022. With this article, we would like to present the practical implementation of the currently valid conditions for IH-IVDs at the Institute of Pathology at the University Hospital of Heidelberg, in order to provide possible assistance to other institutions. In addition to the intensive work on the requirements for IH-IVDs, several guidance documents and handouts provide orientation for the implementation and harmonisation of the requirements for healthcare institutions mentioned in Article5(5). Exchange in academic network structures is also of great importance for the interpretation and practical implementation of the IVDR. For university and nonuniversity institutions, ensuring conformity with the IVDR represents afurther challenge in terms of personnel and time, in addition to the essential tasks of patient care, teaching and research and the further development of methods for optimal and targeted diagnostics, as well as the maintenance of the constantly evolving quality management system.

The aesthetics of language, body and distancing in dramatherapeutic trauma work

This theoretical article identifies the intentional aesthetic use of embodied language as one of the unique contributions of dramatherapy to trauma treatment. Despite the centrality of narrative, fictional and dramatic language to dramatherapy practice, there has been little written about the aesthetics of language and their application in trauma work, nor about the relationship between embodiment and language use in dramatherapy. The article proceeds from the assumption that aesthetics are at the core of dramatherapy process, and therefore, that it is crucial to the understanding of therapeutic change in dramatherapy to explore the aesthetic aspects of practice. Reviewing the literature on language in trauma work and aesthetics in dramatherapy, the article provides a preliminary typology of the aesthetic elements of language as used in dramatherapy, with illustrative examples from the literature and from the author’s arts-based research. The core process of aesthetic distancing is applied as the dramatherapist’s primary tool for moment-to-moment assessment and decision-making regarding interventions, particularly with regard to titrating exposure to traumatic content; this is necessary to sustain a robust dramatic reality capable of containing the potentially affectively and physiologically intense work of trauma resolution. The article concludes with recommendations for future research into language use in dramatherapy trauma work.

Adverse Health Effects and Perceived Musculoskeletal Pain in the Sawmill Workers of West Bengal, India.

The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain, unfavorable working conditions, and assessment of occupational injuries among sawmill workers. The Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, measurement of handgrip strength, working environment, and occupational injuries were assessed among 135 sawmill workers participating in the study. The data showed that sawmill workers complained of discomfort (pain) felt primarily in the low back region of the body followed by the shoulders, hands, knees, upper back, and wrist. This study indicated that sawmill workers had less handgrip strength due to more intense manual work than control subjects. Based on the results of this study, it was concluded that sawmill workers were highly affected due to working in an awkward posture with manual material handling for an extended period of time and that these factors may lead to work-related musculoskeletal disorders as well as occupational injuries. Proper training, a proper work-rest schedule, and modifications of some working procedures may reduce injuries and work-related musculoskeletal pain.

Dreaming the life: international students and the temporal complexity of employability

ABSTRACT Undergraduates today are required to make strategic decisions about where and what they study, and how they allocate time to studies, extra-curricular activities, and work. International students are likely to experience the pressure to capitalize on their time more intensely because of the high cost of their degree, the work required to acculturate, and the uncertainty of mobility aspirations. Drawing on multi-modal, longitudinal data from a small, diverse group of working international undergraduates at a Canadian university, this article examines how they respond to pressures to be planful, employable and productive. We find that students’ lived experiences contradict idealized discourses of youth mobility. While they feel pressure to make the most of opportunities, the cost of intensive work and constraints on choices are apparent. The effort required to acculturate makes it difficult for such students to be efficient in their use of time. Finally, attempting to keep mobility options open in multiple sites that are constantly changing requires that they invest a significant amount of time and energy. Socio-demographic differences and mobility histories influence students’ ability to choose and their experiences of term-time work, as well as their ideas about what constitutes an appreciable life.

Recent developments in the organic synthesis using nano-NiFe2O4 as reusable catalyst: A comprehensive synthetic & catalytic reusability protocol

Due to the alarming environmental hazards of the production of fine chemicals, medicines, and various kinds of compounds and minerals, the development of environmentally-friendly catalytic techniques has recently become of special interest. Accordingly, intensive research work was carried out in pursuit of abundant and sustainable catalysts that are eco- friendly. In particular, the employment of nano-nickel ferrite as a catalyst mitigates the waste impact of the and provides affordable synthetic approaches. This review paper addresses the recent advancements in synthetic organic processes that use nano-nickel ferrites as eco-friendly catalysts. In this review, we go over a number of frequently performed chemical reactions with nano-nickel ferrite acting as a catalyst. These include C-C and C-X (X = N, O, S) cross-coupling, cycloaddition, C-H annulation/functionalization, hydrogenation, aldehyde/ketone alkylation, oxidation, functional group removal and synthesis of heterocycles etc. The review paper also highlights the mechanistic course of reactions, recyclability protocols, synthetic processes, and their applications in organic synthesis.

JAKOS´ C JAJ POCHODZ ˛ACYCH OD KUR RASY POLBAR I ZIELONONÓ ´ ZKA KUROPATWIANA, ˙ POLSKICH RAS ZACHOWAWCZYCH

The intensive breeding work has led to the globalisation of poultry production in terms of available commercial hybrids of laying hens. However, the indigenous breeds are still maintained in many countries, including Poland. The experimental aim was to characterise the eggs quality from two local, Polish hen breeds: Greenleg partridge (Gp) and Polbar (Pb). 4145 eggs were analyzed, at 33rd and 53rd week of age. Pb eggs were characterized by the bigger shell and yolk proportion, bigger albumen height, bigger and more intensively coloured yolk as well as better shell quality manifested in its significantly higher density and breaking strength. The Gp eggs quality is evidenced by a fatty acid profile, lower thrombogenic index, triglycerides and cholesterol concentration. The high quality of eggs, the cultural and ethical conditions, allow us to hope for a wider use of these genotypes in the production of high-quality eggs.