Intensification Of Innovation Processes Research Articles

Updating the Open Innovation Concept Based on Ecosystem Approach: Regional Aspects

The intensification of innovation processes in Russia is a challenging task that requires a continuous search for solutions to make possible the many required changes in economics. We consider the major factors needed to advance an innovative activity at all levels in the national economy to have a freely exchanged flow of innovative ideas between all actors involved. As practice shows, the currently existing models in the country to deal with open innovations are mostly based on a cluster development approach, which is still limited. The authors propose synergizing the cluster approach with an ecosystem innovation model, which should ensure an effective collaboration and an accelerated rate for the diffusion of innovations between various actors while involving various regions. The purpose of the study was to develop a conceptual model for implementing open proposals from participants in the innovation economy. The research methodology is based on numerous works in the field of open innovation theory, cluster and ecosystem approaches. The study utilizes empirical and dialectical methods of scientific knowledge. The methodological toolkit covers information processing with historical analysis, a literature review using the Russian Citation Index and Scopus databases, analysis and diagnostics of innovative activity in domestic regions, the comparison method, modeling and correlation analysis. We concluded that the interaction of participants in the Russian regions through implementing the cluster model is not sufficiently effective and requires the development of new methodological approaches. Therefore, we propose combining the cluster approach with the ecosystem innovation model, which should ensure an effective cooperation and accelerate the rate of innovation dissemination among various subjects involving several regions. To determine the approach’s efficiency, the proposed concept should be tested in one or more regions.

Кластерная политика и инновационная активность промышленных предприятий

The purpose of the article is to assess the possibility of using cluster policy in Russia’s industry as an instrument for developing dynamic competition (encouraging innovation activity). Drawing on the results of a detailed systematic review of the cluster theory, the author identifies the reason for its weak operationality: an implicit premise on entrepreneur’s passive role in the innovation process. He then attempts to remove this premise by explaining the motives of company's behavior through a modified product variety model which is tested on empirical data from the U.S. and Russia. The results of testing show that at similar level of economic activity the geographical concentration of industrial enterprises in a cluster contributes to the intensification of innovation processes. A relatively more competitive behavior of firms in a cluster is explained through the theory of industrial markets and new institutional economic theory. The analysis concludes with valuable recommendations for economic policy.

Кластерная политика и инновационная активность промышленных предприятий

The purpose of the article is to assess the possibility of using cluster policy in Russia’s industry as an instrument for developing dynamic competition (encouraging innovation activity). Drawing on the results of a detailed systematic review of the cluster theory, the author identifies the reason for its weak operationality: an implicit premise on entrepreneur’s passive role in the innovation process. He then attempts to remove this premise by explaining the motives of company's behavior through a modified product variety model which is tested on empirical data from the U.S. and Russia. The results of testing show that at similar level of economic activity the geographical concentration of industrial enterprises in a cluster contributes to the intensification of innovation processes. A relatively more competitive behavior of firms in a cluster is explained through the theory of industrial markets and new institutional economic theory. The analysis concludes with valuable recommendations for economic policy.

AN ANALYSIS OF THE EUROPEAN INTEGRATION PROCESSES IN UKRAINE

Abstract. The purpose of the article is to analyze the efficiency of cooperation between Ukraine and the European Union, in general and expediency of Ukraine’s joining the Free Trade Area, in particular, as well as to prove the expediency of European integration processes, in general. The article deals with the history of the development of Ukraine’s integration into the European Economic Community. The main expectations, risks and results of measures aimed at integrating the Ukrainian economy into the European one are considered. Two main viewpoints on the results of the European integration are revealed. The first one is that the European integration is a blessing in all respects, it has no obvious and significant risks and should bring economic and social prosperity to Ukraine, promote Ukraine’s transition to the European social standards, due to economic growth caused by expanding target markets for Ukrainian products (giving access to the capacious European market), guarantee rapid growth of direct foreign investment in the Ukrainian economy, the improvement of the export-import balance, the creation of new jobs, the intensification of innovation processes and an increase in tax revenues to the budgets at all levels, the revamping of Ukrainian industry and the entire economy. The second viewpoint is quite opposite to the first one. It says that the European integration will cause deindustrialization, accompanied by a massive reduction of jobs; emigration of a significant and most capable part of the population; and as a consequence, acute shortage of labor resources, catastrophic increase in social tension and Ukraine’s transformation into Europe’s raw material appendage. Research carried out in the field of investment activity confirms the collapse of direct foreign investment in the Ukrainian economy during the period of the EU integration. Currently, foreign investors, at best, take a wait-and-see attitude, waiting to see the direction in which Ukraine’s political, economic and social development will go. The state of the trade-economic balance with the EU has deteriorated noticeably, as well as the state of the labor market and innovation activity. The research carried out clearly confirms the validity of the second viewpoint. Further studies of integration processes should be aimed at a significant modification of the goals and directions of Ukraine’s European integration, and should help Ukrainians to find a way out of the socio-economic crisis and rank high in the global division of labor. Keywords: economic crisis, enterprise, European integration, export, import, industry, investment. JEL Classification С13, А10 Formulas: 0; fig.: 1; tabl.: 5; bibl.: 24.

ІМІДЖ УКРАЇНИ В ГЛОБАЛЬНОМУ ЕКОНОМІЧНОМУ ПРОСТОРІ

The article examines the image of Ukraine in the global economic space by assessing and comparing the world's leading ratings in the field of national branding, ratings that affect the image of Ukraine and some industry ratings. The transformation of the country's foreign economic priorities in the direction of purposeful promotion of its interests and the formation of a national brand in the global economic space are all due to intensified international competition, globalization of the world economy in terms of intensification of innovation processes and rapid growth of scientific and technological progress. In a difficult socio-economic and geopolitical situation for Ukraine, the issues of forming a national brand are very relevant, and its research has a considerable scientific interest. In this context, the national brand can become one of the ways to integrate the Ukrainian economy into the global economic space and support it at the appropriate level in the system of world economic relations. The role of the national brand in the positioning of the state in the international arena is analyzed. The interdependence of internal and external image of Ukraine is revealed. It is very important to intensify Ukraine's role in the world stage and strengthen its global competitiveness. Ukraine's place in the leading research on the national brand has been identified such as: the competitiveness index, the global innovation index, the economic freedom index, the ease of doing business index, etc. The strengths and weaknesses of positioning the image of Ukraine in the global economic space are analyzed. Prospects and recommendations for the development of the national brand of Ukraine are highlighted. The purpose of this work is to analyze the image of Ukraine in the global economic space and the peculiarities of the development of its national brand to gain a competitive advantage in the face of increasing international competition. Ukraine has every opportunity to rise in the system rankings. If we analyze their individual elements then we can see that the country receives the lowest values estimations in that direction that is characterized by the governance quality.

Key accents of agenda of industrial development in Ukraine

Industry of Ukraine requires cardinal changes both for overcoming of the current crisis phenomena and for providing of favourable conditions for dynamic and effective increase in a long-term prospect. Actuality of problem grows under impact of scale transformations in geopolitical and geoeconomical landscapes. The key trends of industrial development in the world are determined by the processes of introduction of innovative technologies of fourth industrial revolution (4IR). However, at present starting positions of national economy and industry in particular are unfavorable for realization of such projects. The problem of disparity of necessity and possibilities transition of industrial production to the new technological level must be settled by continuous adjustment of industry development strategy and state tactics to the specific national aims and conditions (macroeconomic, institutional, foreign-policy) The aim of this article is to accent attention on actual directions, mechanisms, and instruments, which are most accessible, acceptable (economical and institutional measuring) and effective for realization of industrial development strategy under existing conditions in Ukraine. In the article the "road map" of becoming modern industrial production in Ukraine is offered. It covers five purposeful directions (blocks): science and innovation, finance and investment, institutional, structural changes, and market demand. Within each of them tendencies are analysed and priorities for public industrial policy are formulated. The significance and arguments for the urgent formation of national scientific and innovative potential as a factor in reducing the dependence of production and reproduction processes in industry on external influences are presented. The institutional block covers the issue of uncertainty of strategic prospects of industrial development in Ukraine as a deterrent factor to the necessary transformations. The importance of realization of the strategic role of the state at the present stage of industrial transformations is argued. The objective need to involve big business in the intensification of innovation processes based on various forms of partnership with the state is revealed. Emphasis is placed on the priority tasks of structural and sectoral development in the context of accelerating the implementation of modern technological solutions and product innovations. In particular, the importance of the manufacturing sectors of defence and ICT is accented. The importance of expansion and diversification of domestic and foreign markets for the development of high-tech sectors of in national industry is considered.

Current state and prospects of innovative industry development of Ukraine

Purpose. The purpose of the study is to analyse the development trends of Ukrainian industry and identify ways to solve existing problems based on the intensification of innovation processes. Methodology of research. During the research methods generally accepted in economic science were applied, in particular: statistical and graphic – for definition of Ukrainian industry development tendencies; comparative analysis – to compare the Ukrainian industry and the world; system generalization – in substantiating the directions of industry innovative development intensification. Findings. The current trends in the development of industrial production in Ukraine, which are characterized by falling production volumes and negative changes in the structure of the industry, are revealed. The reduction of industrial production is revealed, which occurs mainly due to the curtailment of the processing industry enterprises activity. Negative changes in the structure of the industry are revealed, among which the increase in the share of low-tech productions with a significant decrease in medium-tech and moderate –high-tech ones are highlighted. Based on the correlation between industrial production indicators and GDP dynamics, it is proved that industry forms the foundation of the country`s social and economic development. It was found that the Ukrainian economy lags far behind the development of the world`s leading countries in terms of its material, resource, and energy intensity. The article proves that the issue of industrial development based on the intensification of innovation processes in Ukraine needs radical changes in reforming the management mechanisms of innovation processes and relations between science, society, business, and government to intensify investment activities support the technological development of industry, the introduction of environmentally friendly production. Originality. The analysis of the state of Ukraine`s industry and substantiation of the need for its innovative development was further developed, in the context of which measures were proposed to intensify innovation processes, which, in addition to existing ones, provide for the formation of a managing mechanism for innovative industrial development; coordination of industrial sector development policy with the goals of sustainable and inclusive development; introduction of environmentally friendly industrial production; expansion of cross-border economic and environmental cooperation; development of the strategy of development of the industry of Ukraine taking into account the European experience. Practical value. The results of the study are the basis for solving practical problems of improving the situation and the transition to innovative industrial development in Ukraine. Key words: industry of Ukraine, processing industry, structure of industrial production, industry innovative development.

RESEARCH ON THE POSSIBILITY OF INNOVATIVE INTEGRATION OF UKRAINE AND THE EU

Introduction. The revitalization of innovation in the global dimension has a significant impact on the competitiveness of the national economy. The intensification of innovation processes requires the use of innovative strategies. There is a significant differentiation of countries in terms of competitiveness and innovative development. At the present stage of reforming, the development of the economy on an innovative basis becomes one of the priorities of strengthening the competitiveness, modernization of the institutional base and effective use of the innovative potential of innovative integration of Ukraine and the EU.Hypothesis of scientific research. It is envisaged that the use of strategic priorities and mechanisms for utilizing Ukraine's innovation potential through the implementation of European practices of managing targeted innovation programs will allow developing programmatic measures to strengthen the existing and modernize the competitive advantages of innovative integration of Ukraine and the EU.The purpose of the article is setting priorities and developing a system of means of enhancing Ukraine's competitiveness on innovative grounds in the context of European integration.The research methodologyis the use of the European Innovation Scoreboard, the Innovation Index of the EU Member States. In the course of the study, the methods of systematization and taxonomy were used.Results: the position of Ukraine in the global and innovation ratings, the EU innovation scoreboard, the place of Ukraine in it, the position of Ukraine in the ranking of the countries of the world according to the Global Competitiveness Index, the Global Competitiveness Index. The analysis of differences in the development and implementation of innovative development strategies of EU Member States and Ukraine is conducted, the organizational and economic toolkit of innovative integration of Ukraine and the EU is substantiated.Conclusions: proved that macro-level competitiveness research in an innovative context is based on the methodology of calculation of such indicators as: IMD and WEF global competitiveness indices; global innovation development indices from Boston Consulting groupe and INSEAD; Eurostat European Innovation Rating (EIS); Bloomberg Agency Global Innovation Ratio (GIQ); international innovation index; composite eco-innovation index; the patent activity rating of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) allows you to find out the main directions of innovative integration of Ukraine and the EU.

Innovation management of regional economics (in terms of economic indicators of Saint Petersburg)

This article is dedicated to the research of innovation processes at the regional level. There patterns of innovation processes and innovation activity applying modern management approach are considered. There dynamics analysis of such regional innovation activity indicators as number of organizations that perform the research; technology innovations cost; research and development inner cost; investment in equity; volume shipped innovation products is made based on statistic data. As an example of nature of the impact of these indicators to innovation environment of the region, the authors used the economic data of Saint Petersburg city. Additionally, there dynamics of analysing indicators is established, the reasons of their increase and decrease in the various time periods under the influence of political and external-economic factors is detected. In summary, the conclusion on current intensification of innovation processes in Saint Petersburg that reflects on both innovation activity data and territorial infrastructure, is made. The common tendency to increase the region innovation activity exists, despite the decrease of the number of organisations that perform researches and developments. These findings, achieved based on completed research, can be used to forecast the region innovation activity level, as well as for optimization of innovative activity indicators of the companies.

Current Development Issues of Accounting Support of Innovation Venture Financing

The development of the concept of information support of venture capital management of enterprises in the conditions of formation of post-industrial society is quite new and relevant for the modern world and especially for Ukraine, as well as the intensification of innovation processes. The necessity of developing accounting, in particular reporting and analytical, tools for venture financing of innovations is theoretically substantiated and proved. Scientific search of directions for improving the accounting tools of venture innovations financing will promote the effective functioning of business entities that carry out venture activities, as well as avoidance threats and minimization the negative effects of economic risks, increasing the efficiency of the capital market in the part of venture investing, and in general, will accelerate the transition to an innovative model of economic development in Ukraine.

Process Intensification Approaches to Organic Electrosynthesis: Towards Sustainable Nylon Production

The effect of fossil-fuel-derived carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions on the environment has fueled the interest in electrifying the chemical industry through electrochemistry. The implementation of electrochemical processes for the production of large volume chemicals can allow for the direct integration of renewable energy sources into chemical manufacturing. Additionally, these processes provide an opportunity for significant energy efficiency improvements and the introduction of previously unexplored chemical transformations. Although inorganic electrosynthetic processes have been successfully implemented in industry at scale (e.g. chloro-alkali and Aluminum production), the use of electrochemical methods for the production of organic chemicals has been limited, even if their potential impact is significantly larger. In spite of their advantages, organic electrosynthetic processes face common challenges such as limited reactant concentrations in the electrolyte, a complex set of competing organic side reactions, and the narrow electrochemical stability window of aqueous electrolytes.1 The low solubility of organic reactants, together with the use of high current densities that maximize reaction throughput, often result in mass transport limitations that can lower reaction selectivity. As a model case study, this work focuses on the electrohydrodimerization of acrylonitrile (AN) to adiponitrile (ADN), a precursor to Nylon 6,6.2 Although this is considered the largest and most successful organic electrosynthesis implemented in industry, it faces many challenges owing to its limited energy conversion and selectivity. Through a combination of experimental insights and artificial-intelligence-enabled models, we elucidate process intensification guidelines for mass transport enhancement in organic electrosynthesis via electrolyte optimization, complex voltage dosing, and membrane-based electrochemical flow reactors. Moreover, this work explores the development of the sequential electro-hydrogenation of ADN to hexamethylenediamine (HMDA), paving the way for a continuous electrochemical process for the production of Nylon monomers. Our results provide insights on the main challenges faced in organic electrosynthesis, and demonstrate how innovative process intensification approaches can address these challenges and enhance the competitiveness of electrochemical routes for the production of valuable organic chemicals. Blanco, D. E.; Modestino, M. A., Organic Electrosynthesis for Sustainable Chemical Manufacturing. Trends in Chemistry 2019, 1 (1), 8-10.Blanco, D. E.; Dookhith, A. Z.; Modestino, M. A., Enhancing selectivity and efficiency in the electrochemical synthesis of adiponitrile. Reaction Chemistry & Engineering 2019, 4 (1), 8-16.

PRAGMATIC ROLE OF FINANCIAL MECHANISMS IN THE PARADIGM OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT: DOMESTIC AND WORLD TRENDS

The pragmatic role of financial mechanisms in the paradigm of innovation development on the basis of fundamental principles of national science and practice is explored. It is proved, that the key parameters of modern innovation development show steady tendencies of decreasing entropy of financial mechanisms of the state. It was clarified that the transfer of emphasis on the use of advanced technologies, the transition to the release of high-tech products, the adoption of progressive organizational and managerial decisions in innovation activities should be based on the principles of innovation imperative and autocratic mechanisms in the country's economic policy. It was stated that the intensification of innovation processes in the state should be based on the principles of interaction between subjects of scientific and technical and entrepreneurial activity, in particular, to minimize the consequences of changes in the structure of economic activities. It has been established that the paradigm of innovation development requires the formation of an effective financial policy of the state, the main tasks of which are activation of innovation activity of economic entities and the creation of a coherent system of their financial support, taking into account an effective financial mechanism. This will be facilitated by systematization of state financing and stimulation of innovative development of the national economy.

СУЧАСНІ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ – НАЙПЕРСПЕКТИВНІША ІНВЕСТИЦІЯ У РОЗВИТОК ПІДПРИЄМСТВА

У статті аналізується стан використання сучасних інформаційних технологій на підприємствах. Існуючі умови ринкового середовища вказують на те, що підприємство знаходиться під постійним впливом факторів, пов’язаних з розвитком технологій, що спрощують роботу з великим обсягом інформації. Інтенсифікація інноваційних процесів, розвиток інформаційних технологій значно скорочують час на збір і обробку інформації. Нові економічні відносини потребують використання великих обсягів інформації та оперативних розрахунків, забезпечених сучасними інформаційними технологіями і системи. У роботі розглянуто проблему необхідності застосування й використання інформаційних технологій для вдосконалення діяльності підприємств. Показано, що ефективне застосування сучасних інформаційних технологій для підтримки, забезпечення й моделювання бізнес–процесів стає одним з вирішальних конкурентних переваг в сучасних ринкових умовах. Саме ефективність впровадження і використання інформаційних технологій є одним з основних чинників, що впливають на підвищення рівня конкурентоспроможності, що досягається за рахунок підвищення рівня гнучкості і ступеню використання економічного потенціалу. Проаналізовано, що на шляху впровадження інформаційних технологій підприємства стикаються з проблемами організаційного, економічного, технічного, соціального та іншого характеру. Розглянуті автоматизовані системи управління підприємством, що представлені на ринку України.

Особенности инновационного развития сельского хозяйства северного региона (на примере АПК Республики Коми)

Agriculture of the Republic of Komi is quite a contrast. It varies geographically: in terms of technological development, the volume of production and willingness to innovate. The innovative development of agriculture of the Northern region of Komi Republic is characterized by low level of innovative activity at significant scientific potential. The objective necessity of intensification of innovation processes is evidenced by the fact that for 20132015 the pace of decline in physical volume of machinery and equipment intensified; energy consumption decreased by 5%; primitive methods and technologies is dominated in agriculture; outdated varieties and breeds of cattle, imperfect forms of organization and management are used. The regulatory framework is not resolved until the end for innovation in agriculture of the Republic; there are no scientific-production association, innovation centers and agrotechnopark. Scientific-production association in the agricultural sector should be organized on the basis of Agricultural research institute of Republic of Komi. For innovative development of the Republic of Komi it is necessary to implement the strategy of innovative development of agribusiness. Firstly, used information-analytical system should be built on the basis of GIS technologies and digital maps componentwise: geomorphological, climatic, soil, farmland and derivatives thereof. Also, the set of digital maps is necessary that characterize the social conditions of agricultural production and consumption of agricultural products, infrastructure, power, process industry. This information-analytical system should provide the ability to perform scenario forecasts, and update data from different sources. Secondly, in the Strategy of economic and social development of Republic of Komi till 2020 agriculture is considered as an industry, development of which governs the economic and social welfare of the region as a whole. One of the most important tasks of development of the industry is the sharp increase in the volumes of production, which is possible through the expansion of cultivated land and parallel introduction of more advanced technologies. Thirdly, it is necessary to take into account the need for innovation of the area of main settlement and peripheral regions of the Republic of Komi.

Optimal reaction concept and plant wide optimization of the ethylene oxide process

In this paper, a new method for the identification of the best reaction concept from an overall process point of view is proposed. Using this method the optimal reaction route is determined independent of existing apparatuses and the recycle affecting the reactor is fully considered. The reaction concept and the design parameters of the process are simultaneously optimized. For this purpose, a detailed model of the reaction system including reaction kinetics, thermodynamic relationships, and intrinsic boundaries such as explosion limits as well as a complete model of the downstream process is set up. The potential of different reaction concepts including innovative process intensification alternatives can easily be determined by comparison with an optimized reference case.The example considered in this paper is the oxygen based ethylene oxide process, which is one of the most important chemical bulk processes. Sophisticated cooling in combination with distributed oxygen dosing along the reactor length is identified as best technical reaction concept with a potential of reducing the operating costs of an average sized plant by 1.35Mio$/a compared to an optimized reference case. In addition, the utility consumption is reduced, especially the consumption of electricity is decreased by 46.3%, and the overall CO2 emissions are cut by 8%.In conclusion, the proposed method enables the predictive determination of the best reaction concept from an overall process point of view taking the full interconnections between the reaction concept and the process into account and considering highly innovative process intensification options. Thereby, this method provides a key stone for the development of more economical and more sustainable chemical reactors and processes of the future.