Intense Pulsed Light System Research Articles

A study to determine the efficacy of intense pulse light in vascular mode for topical steroid damaged facies

Objectives: Misuse of topical corticosteroids on the face has gradually evolved over the years and has now reached phenomenal proportions on account of easy availability, widespread misinformation, and the fairness craze sweeping across the land. Topical steroid-damaged/dependent facies (TSDFs) may present with diffuse erythema, telangiectasia, papules, and atrophy. Current modalities used for the management of TSDF, such as topical tacrolimus and oral antibiotics, have shown a variable response. Intense pulsed light (IPL) systems are economical, have a higher safety margin, and are widely available. The goal of treating vascular lesions with IPL is to raise blood vessel temperature high enough to cause coagulation, leading to destruction and healing with fibrosis. In our study, we exploit these properties of IPL for the management of TSDF. Material and Methods: A total of 15 patients of TSDF were recruited and were treated with three sessions of IPL treatments (vascular mode) 3 weeks apart and were assessed based on a clinical score for TSDF, visual analog scale (VAS) for erythema assessed by the physician and patient at the end of 9 weeks. Results: There was a significant response with a reduction in clinical score of 5.4 points (P > 0.001) and a reduction in physician and patient-assessed VAS for erythema of 3.47 and 3.73, respectively. Conclusion: There is a scarcity of data regarding the efficacy of various treatment modalities for TSDF. Our study establishes IPL (vascular mode) as an innovative emerging modality of treatment.

Effective Treatment of Rosacea and Other Vascular Lesions Using Intense Pulsed Light System Emitting Vascular Chromophore-Specific Wavelengths: A Clinical and Dermoscopical Analysis.

Background: Facial telangiectasias is a prevalent cosmetic disorder that can be associated with several conditions such as rosacea. IPL (intensity pulsed light) therapy is commonly used for the treatment of vascular lesions. This study tested the efficacy of an IPL system emitting selected vascular chromophore-specific wavelengths in the range of 500-1200 nm for the treatment of vascular lesions. Materials and Methods: A total of 39 patients affected by different vascular lesions on their face were enrolled. The procedure consisted of three treatment sessions, spaced 1 month apart, using the IPL system with a 500-677 and 854-1200 nm filter. Follow-up was performed at 21-90 days (3 weeks-3 months) after the last IPL session. Three-dimensional and dermoscopic clinical photographs were captured and evaluated using a five-point scale. Adverse events were checked. Results: In total, 21 patients achieved excellent improvement, 13 patients achieved good improvement, 3 patients achieved moderate improvement, 2 patients achieved mild improvement, and 0 patients achieved no improvement, with an overall good response to treatment. The photographic evaluation showed good results as soon as 3 days after the last IPL session. Relevant side effects were absent. Conclusions: The study device may represent a successful treatment to improve vascular lesions that are resistant to laser therapy.

Taking the Next Step

Bill Harvey finds out about a new intense pulsed light system from Spectrum and how one early adopter, Dr Valarie Jerome, has introduced its use into her practice with great success

Flexible transparent electrodes based on intense pulsed light treatment of silver nanowires/PEDOT:PSS composites

There is a growing demand for flexible, stretchable and transparent conductive films that can be used as electrodes or active layers in optoelectronic products, solar cells, solid electrolyte capacitors, wearables, sensors and actuators. Poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly (styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is an appropriate material for flexible electrodes because of its electrical conductivity and transparency. However, without treatment, it has insufficient electrical conductivity for the aforementioned applications. This study investigates a photonic thermal treatment method to improve the electrical conductivity of the PEDOT:PSS films. An intense pulsed light (IPL) system with tunable voltage and pulse duration was used for the evaporation of the residual moisture from the PEDOT samples after drying and partial removal of the PSS-rich shell, leading to higher electrical conductivity. Silver nanowires (AgNWs) were also added to improve electrical conductivity. IPL irradiation noticeably enhanced the electrical conductivity of both neat PEDOT:PSS and AgNWs/PEDOT:PSS composite samples. The electrical conductivity increased with respect to increases in the IPL voltage and number of exposures. However, exceeding some thresholds for the voltage and number of exposures degraded the electrical conductivity of the composite samples due to the breaking-up of the AgNWs. The IPL-treated PEDOT:PSS thick samples have a sheet resistance of 21.2 Ω/sq, approximately 424 times less than the untreated samples. For the composite samples, IPL irradiation decreased the sheet resistance to about half of that prior to the treatment. The results of various tests performed in this study indicate that the proposed IPL treatment can be considered as one of the approaches to efficiently overcome the limitations of PEDOT:PSS films regarding their insufficient electrical conductivity and poor adhesion to substrates.

3-month post-procedural evaluation of a combined intense pulsed light and photo-biomodulation system in the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction

Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is the leading cause of dry eye syndrome. It is a frequent and underdiagnosed condition with a significant socioeconomic impact. We propose here the evaluation of a platform combining intense pulsed light and photo-biomodulation in the treatment of Meibomian gland dysfunction. We conducted a retrospective study at Brest University Hospital analyzing a cohort of 74 eyes (37 patients) at 1month and 3months after a protocol of 3 Eye-Light® (Espansione Group, Italy) sessions 14days apart between January2019 and April2020. The primary outcome was the change in OSDI quality of life score. Secondary outcomes were the SPEED questionnaire score; tear break-up time (BUT), Oxford score, non-invasive break-up time (NIBUT), lipid layer thickness, lacrimal meniscus height and Meibomian gland atrophy rate. Tolerance of the treatment was also evaluated. We found a significant improvement in OSDI scores at 1month (-17.32; 95% CI (-25.84; -8.79), P<0.0001) and 3months (-16.95; 95% CI (-25.26; -8.64), P<0.0001). The SPEED score, BUT, Oxford score, Meibomian gland atrophy and NIBUT were also statistically significantly improved. Tolerance to treatment was very good despite two cases of herpetic keratitis, which resolved on treatment. Treatment with the Eye-Light® in three sessions every two weeks significantly reduced symptoms and ocular surface damage in patients with MGD. This data suggests that the use of Eye-Light® may represent a good option for patients with MGD.

Changes in melanocytic nevi after hair removal techniques with laser and intense pulsed light

Lasers and intense pulsed light (IPL) systems are some of the most demanded techniques used for unwanted hair removal. They act by selective photothermolysis, a mechanism by which photons target the hair follicle me­la­no­cyes while, at the same time, sparing the sur­roun­ding tissue. However, when applied directly onto a pigmented lesion, the energy from the laser can be ab­sorbed by nevocytes, with subsequent thermal injury of the lesion. Few studies in the literature have described the consequences of laser and IPL devices on melanocytic nevi. Our aim was to summarize the clinical, dermatoscopic and histopathologic modifications that occurred in nevi after these hair removal techniques. We selected four case series and three case reports, totalling 12 patients, of which seven had been previously treated with laser and five with IPL for hair removal. Clinical modifications of nevi consisted in hy­per­pig­men­ta­tion, crust formation, two-colour aspect and complete clearance of nevi. Dermatoscopically, a change in pigment distribution and colour, microcrusts, grey-blue structures and a milky red veil were described. Histo­pa­th­o­lo­gical changes were consistent with inflammation and benignity. Ultraviolet radiation is known to cause DNA damage and mutagenesis, while the effects of visi­ble light and infrared laser on tissues are primarily ther­mal. However, we cannot definitively exclude the po­ten­tial for malignancy after repeated thermal trauma of nevo­me­la­nocytes.

Intense pulsed light-based treatment for the improvement of symptoms in glaucoma patients treated with hypotensive eye drops

BackgroundOcular surface disease in glaucoma patients is a significant ocular co-morbidity that can affect 40% to 59% of these patients worldwide. The current study was aimed at evaluating the potential clinical benefit of an intense pulsed light (IPL)-based treatment in glaucomatous patients with ocular surface disease due to prolonged hypotensive eyedrop treatments. To our knowledge, this is the first series analyzing the therapeutic effect of this treatment option in this type of patients.MethodsThis non-comparative prospective case series study enrolled a total of 30 glaucoma patients ranging in age from 57 to 94 years old and treated with hypotensive eyedrops for years with dry eye symptomatology. All patients received four sessions of IPL treatment using the Optima IPL system (Lumenis, Yokneam, Israel) adjusted to the official optimized Lumenis setting. Changes in symptomatology, corneal staining, conjunctival hyperemia, non-invasive break-up time (NIBUT), tear osmolarity, tear meniscus height (TMH), meiboscore and meibomian gland expressibility was analyzed after treatment.ResultsStatistically significant reductions were observed after IPL treatment in the symptomatology scores measured with different questionnaires [ocular surface disease index (OSDI), standard patient evaluation of eye dryness (SPEED) and symptom assessment questionnaire in dry eye (SANDE)] as well as with the visual analogue scale (P < 0.001). Mean change in OSDI was − 15.0 ± 11.3. A significant reduction was found after treatment in the corneal staining score (P < 0.001). A significant reduction was found in tear film meniscus height (P = 0.012), as well as in tear film osmolarity (P = 0.001). A significant reduction was also found in meibomian gland expressibility (P = 0.003), changing the percentage of grade 3 eyes from 44.4% before IPL to 17.2% after treatment.ConclusionsIPL therapy combined with meibomian gland expression (MGX) seems to be an effective option to improve symptomatology in glaucomatous patients with ocular surface disease due to prolonged hypotensive eyedrop treatments, with an additional improvement in clinical signs, such as tear osmolarity and corneal staining.

Characterization and Prediction of the Clinical Outcome of Intense Pulsed Light-Based Treatment in Dry Eye Associated to Meibomian Gland Dysfunction

This non-comparative prospective case series was conducted to characterize the clinical impact of intense pulsed light (IPL)-based treatment in dry eyes associated to Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), defining the predicting factors for a successful outcome with this therapy in a large case series. A total of 390 eyes (195 patients, range: 23–93 years) received four sessions of Optima IPL system (Lumenis, Yokneam, Israel). Significant changes were observed in tear film osmolarity in both eyes (p < 0.001) and in meibum quality (p < 0.001), with more eyes showing clear or yellow secretions after therapy. Mean change in the ocular surface disease index (OSDI) was −8.61, ranging from −27.00 to 11.00. This change was significantly correlated with the baseline value of OSDI (r = −0.489, p < 0.001). The change in osmolarity correlated significantly with the baseline osmolarity in both eyes (right r = −0.636, left r = −0.620, p < 0.001). A linear predicting model of the change in OSDI with therapy was obtained: change OSDI = 10.99 − 0.35 × OSDI − 1.03 × NIBUTRE-LE (mean non-invasive break up time of right and left eye) − 2.03 × Meibum quality grade (p = 0.001; R2: 0.325). In conclusion, the improvement in symptomatology achieved with an IPL-based therapy can be predicted at baseline using a linear model considering the level of MGD and the magnitude of OSDI and NIBUT (non-invasive break-up time).

Modern concepts of erythematotelangiectatic rosacea pathogenesis and treatment

Rosacea is a multifactorial chronic pathology characterized by a complex etiopathogenesis. Rosacea is represented by 4 subtypes: erythematotelangiectatic, papulopustular, rhinophyma and ophthalmic rosacea.&#x0D; Clinical manifestations of erythematotelangiectatic rosacea reduce the quality of human life, which is manifested by disorders of the psychoemotional sphere of varying severity. The erythematotelangiectatic subtype is influenced by two groups of trigger factors ― internal and external.&#x0D; Mandatory areas of patients management with rosacea in general include the triad of treatment: providing proper skin care, health education, a set of therapeutic measures.&#x0D; Rosacea drug therapy is divided into local and systemic. The main treatment for erythematotelangiectatic rosacea is to eliminate the vascular component and reduce the severity of transient and persistent erythema.&#x0D; Among the physiotherapeutic methods, the most promising today are considered to be laser therapy and an intense pulsed light system (IPL). The effectiveness of laser medicine in dermatology is due to the ability to selectively build up the laser of the chromophochic layer of the dermis. The mechanism of action of IPL-therapy is associated with the absorption of photons by internal or external chromophores, which are located in different layers of the skin, which can locally increase the temperature and cause destructed target formations.&#x0D; A review of the literature on pathogenesis, trigger factors, classification and modern treatment of eerythematotelangiectatic rosacea is based on an analysis of articles on the relevant topic 44 presented in information systems electronic library, PubMed, NCBI, Embase. Studies are described demonstrating the convincing effectiveness of the treatment of patients with lasers and the IPL system.

The biophysics of photothermal treatments with lasers and intense pulsed light systems

Lasers and intense pulsed lights are commonly used for many skin applications today. An understanding of the basic biophysics is essential to achieve good clinical outcomes. Yet, the author's training experiences demonstrate that many users do not have a good grasp of some of these concepts. In this article, Mike Murphy will address these issues, and the most important parameters that need to be considered when treating the skin with high-energy devices will be identified

Intense Pulsed Light: A Methodical Approach to Understanding Clinical Endpoints.

Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) is a non-coherent polychromatic broadband filtered flashlamp that emits light in the spectrum of approximately 400&ndash;1200 nm. Its effects on photorejuvenation are well documented. The goal of this study is to help practitioners better conceptualize and fine tune IPL device settings in order to produce the most effective and safest clinical outcome. This was a prospective study testing several filters (515 nm; 560 nm; 590 nm and 530&ndash;650; 900&ndash;1200 nm vascular filter), fluences, pulse durations, and pulse numbers (ie, multiple sequence pulsing or MSP) with a new IPL system. Post-procedure erythema response was more pronounced with increasing fluence, decreasing wavelength, fewer pulses and shorter pulse duration. The exception was the 515 nm filter with regard to pulse duration, which was observed to have a more pronounced response with longer pulse durations. The overall clinical outcome at the 4-week follow-up visit demonstrated greatest improvement in erythema and pigmentation using the 515 nm filter on a Fitzpatrick Skin Type III individual. Greatest clinical endpoint response at 4-week follow-up was observed with more robust initial responses. This was most apparent at higher fluence levels and fewer pulse counts. However, when the IPL is pushed to aggressive parameters, there is risk of hypopigmentation and hair loss as seen in this case study. Skin type is an important consideration when using IPL and MSP adds to its safety profile. J Drugs Dermatol. 2021;20(2):203-207. doi:10.36849/JDD.5638.

Retrospective Analysis of Outcomes with a Unique IPL System

Introduction: Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) technology is well accepted in the medical aesthetic field for the treatment of various skin lesions, including pigmented and vascular lesions. The light penetrates into the skin and is selectively absorbed by lesion chromophore. Absorbed energy is converted into heat, coagulating the lesion, which naturally fades following the treatment. The current article presents a retrospective efficacy evaluation of an IPL device with high peak power. Methods: Representative treatment results were collected from several clinics based on photographs taken at baseline and after treatments. Photos were evaluated and analyzed for aesthetic improvement of the various skin conditions in different facial and body areas. Results: Analysis included cases of pigmented and vascular lesions, textural lesions, and more specific conditions such as melasma and rosacea. The two evaluators’ scoring demonstrated improvement in all cases according to the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) scale. Conclusion: The vast experience gathered from the market in treating various skin lesions supports the safety and efficacy of the investigated IPL device. The device’s particular specifications contribute to the successful results and ease of treatment for the practitioner and the patient.

EFFECT OF INTENSE PULSED LIGHT ON OXIDATIVE STRESS IN ACNE VULGARIS

Background: Acne vulgaris is a multifactorial disease, studies have focused on the role of oxidative stress in the aetiopathogenesis of acne . Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a good marker of oxidative stress. Intense pulsed Light (IPL) systems are used in treatment of acne, the mechanism is reduction of Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) levels, decrease in the sebaceous gland function. Objective: The study objective was to estimate the efficacy of IPL on levels of oxidative stress in acne patients taking MDA levels as an indicator before and after IPL. Subjects and methods: an interventional study carried out on 20 patients with acne and 20 individuals free of acne. The severity of acne was assessed using the Global Evaluation Acne (GEA) scale. The levels of MDA were measured before the first IPL session and after 2 weeks from the last session using a spectrophotometer. Each patient received 3 IPL sessions biweekly. MDA levels in the acne free group was measured and compared to that of cases. Results: MDA levels showed a statistically significant difference among patient after IPL treatment compared to levels before IPL treatment with the lower levels in after IPL treatment. MDA levels showed a statistically significant difference between patients and acne free individuals, with MDA being higher in patients, indicating a condition of oxidative stress that had resulted from a high level of lipid peroxidation in acne patients. As regard MDA levels, patients with moderate acne showed the higher plasma MDA levels compared with those with mild acne. The lowest MDA levels were observed in acne free individuals. Conclusion Serum MDA level is elevated in patients with acne than in acne free individuals. IPL can be used as a monotherapy in acne , especially in inflammatory lesions. IPL is effective in reducing oxidative stress in acne .

Effects of intense pulsed light on Cronobacter sakazakii and Salmonella surrogate Enterococcus faecium inoculated in different powdered foods

Cronobacter sakazakii and Salmonella spp. are foodborne pathogens associated with low moisture foods. An intense pulsed light (IPL) system is being developed as an alternative novel method to pasteurize powdered food. The aim of the study is to investigate the microorganism inactivation in different powdered foods and a variety of related variables using a vibratory-assisted IPL system. The results showed that C. sakazakii on non-fat dry milk (NFDM), wheat flour, and egg white powder were significantly inactivated by 5.27, 4.92, and 5.30 log10 CFU/g, respectively, after 3 or 4 passes of IPL treatments. For decontamination of E. faecium, 3–4 passes of IPL treatments reduced the E. faecium level on NFDM, wheat flour, and egg white by 3.67, 2.79, 2.74 log10 CFU/g, respectively. These results demonstrated that the enhanced microbiological inactivation can be achieved using this vibratory-assisted IPL system after multiple passes.

Split Face Comparative Study of the Efficacy and Outcome of ND: YAG Laser and Intense Pulsed Light System for Hair Removal

A prospective clinical split face comparison study conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of long-pulsed Nd: YAG laser and IPL in the treatment of idiopathic facial hirsutism. A 42 females with idiopathic hirsutism aged16-52 years with skin types II-IV were enrolled. A 38 patients completed the study; IPL applied on the right sides of the face and the ND: YAG on the left sides. They underwent six treatment sessions with 4 weeks intervals. Findings revealed that IPL treatment resulted in longer median hair-free intervals than Long-pulsed Nd: YAG laser therapy. Decrease in hair counts was significantly higher after IPL than Long-pulsed Nd: YAG laser. Hair reduction was 40%, 69% and 86% on IPL versus 32%, 58% and 80% on Long-pulsed Nd: YAG laser (p=0.0001), respectively. Patient satisfaction scores were significantly higher for the IPL when compared with Long-pulsed Nd: YAG laser treated sides at 1, 3, and 6 months. Slight stinging and burning sensation at time of the treatment were recorded in all patients. Erythema was seen on both the treated sides in all cases, which lasted from hours up to 2 days after session. Only 4 patients develop Leukotrichia on IPL treated side and are felt to be due to thermal damage to the melanocytes.

Research progress of intense pulsed light treatment on meibomian gland dysfunction and relevant dry eye diseases

Intense pulsed light (IPL) is a broad spectrum incoherent light which is produced by high-output xenon lamp. Since the invention of the first-generation IPL in 1994, IPL technology has been developing rapidly and extensively utilized in multiple fields relevant to dermatology across the world. In 2004, the fourth-generation IPL system was introduced with the optimal pulse technology (OPT) and has soon been used for cosmetic purposes all over the world. In 2002, Dr. Toyos found that the meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and dye eye disease (DED)symptoms of the rosacea patients who received IPL treatment have been improving significantly, therefore he started to explore the application of IPL system to treatment of dry eye disease. Several recent clinical studies have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of IPL for improving the symptoms and signs of MGD and DED. However, the published data of IPL treatment for MGD and DED is limited, the mechanism of IPL treatment for MGD and DED remained unclear and more relevant researches needed to be done in the future. This article discusses the clinical application history and general mechanism of IPL, and introduces the treatment of IPL for MGD and DED. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2018, 54: 140-143).

2D all-solid state fabric supercapacitor fabricated via an all solution process for use in smart textiles

We propose a method to fabricate a supercapacitor for smart textiles using silver (Ag) nanoparticle (NP) ink, simple spray patterning systems, and intense pulsed light (IPL) sintering systems. The Ag NP current collectors provided as high conductivity as the metal current collectors. The spray patterning technique is useful for fabricating supercapacitors because it is simple, fast, and cheap. IPL systems reduced the sintering temperature of Ag NPs and prevented thermal damage to the textiles during the Ag NP sintering process. The two-dimensional (2D) all-solid state fabric supercapacitor with an interdigitated configuration, developed here, exhibited a specific capacitance of 25.7 F/g and an energy density of 1.5 Wh/kg at a power density of 64.3 W/kg. These results support the utility of our proposed method in the development of energy textiles.

Construction of a pilot-scale continuous-flow intense pulsed light system and its efficacy in sterilizing sesame seeds

Abstract The purpose of this study was to identify the decontamination level of a laboratory-scale intense pulsed light (IPL) system and compared with that of newly constructed pilot-scale system in our laboratory. Sesame seeds, in which the initial microbial load was 10 4 –10 5 CFU/g, were treated by laboratory-scale IPL treatment at a total fluence of 39.85 J/cm 2 . 0.86 log microbial reduction was achieved and adding a mixing step increased this to a 1.02 log reduction. We concluded that combining a mixing process and powerful IPL is essential to decontaminate sesame seeds satisfactorily, and so a pilot-scale IPL device in which the sample is placed in a cyclonic flow was designed and constructed in our laboratory. The xenon lamp and power supply were also upgraded. This modified device achieved a 1.46 log reduction at a total fluence of 44.46 J/cm 2 . Changing the material of the treatment chamber from acrylic to stainless steel induced light reflections that resulted in improvement of the decontamination efficiency. Although this study showed a potential of a pilot-scale IPL device for treating larger amount of sample at once, further studies of technical improvement are essential to achieve higher decontamination level.

Hand rejuvenation using standard Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) in Asian patients

In recent years, facial rejuvenation using Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) is in demand and there have been many reports. However, hand rejuvenation, which aims to treat lentigines on the dorsal hand and wrinkles, is in demand but with few reports. In this study, hand rejuvenation was attempted using two wavelengths of a standard IPL system. It focuses mainly on improvement of lentigines, and efficacy on wrinkles on the dorsal hand will be discussed as well. The subjects were 128 Japanese patients (average age 58.1) who had lentigines and wrinkles on the dorsa of both hands, and the wavelength spectra of 560 - 1200 nm and 515 - 1200 nm were applied. In general, the number of treatments was not fixed, and further treatments beyond the first treatment were added only when asked for by the patient. Lentigines were assessed on 4 levels and wrinkles on 3 levels. The results in lentigines were graded "Excellent" in 45.3%, "Good" in 14.8%, "Unchanged" in 37.5% and "Bad" in 2.3% of the patients. Dark-toned lentigines in particular improved after one treatment. On the other hand, the results in wrinkles were graded as "Effective" in 25.0%, "Hard to tell" in 39.1% and "Ineffective" in 35.9% of the patients after the first treatment, but there was increased improvement in some cases after multiple treatments. By using appropriate IPL parameters with specific cut-off filters, dark-toned and flat senile lentigines could be treated effectively with a small number of treatments. On the other hand, improvement of fine dorsal wrinkles was noticed but more finesse is needed as to how to apply IPL and to decide on the number of treatments. Further study is necessary, but overall it can be said that IPL is an effective choice for hand rejuvenation.

Inactivation of bacteria and murine norovirus in untreated groundwater using a pilot-scale continuous-flow intense pulsed light (IPL) system

The objective of this study was to characterize the inactivation effects of a pilot-scale continuous-flow intense pulsed light (IPL) system on microorganisms in untreated groundwater used in the food industry. The inactivation effects of laboratory- and pilot-scale IPL systems on murine norovirus (MNV), a human norovirus surrogate, were also investigated. Flow rates of 40, 32, 20 and 12 l/min were tested (corresponding to 89, 113, 179, and 290 s of treatment time in a chamber, respectively). A 290-s pilot-scale IPL treatment at an energy dose of 14.02 J/cm2 resulted in a 4.79-log reduction of Escherichia coli C600 in water with an initial count of 105–106 CFU/ml, while a 270-s treatment at an energy dose of 13.05 J/cm2 resulted in a 2.91-log inactivation of aerobic and facultative anaerobic heterotrophs in untreated groundwater with the initial count of 4.5 × 104 CFU/ml. An 89-s treatment at a dose of 4.30 J/cm2 resulted in a 3.35-log inactivation of MNV in water with the initial count of 103–104 PFU/ml. The energy dose and the inactivation level showed linearity for this system. These trends should form the basis of a large-scale IPL-based water management system with improved energy efficiency.