Theory Of Intelligence Research Articles

EFL Students’ Familiarity with Howard Gardner's Theory: A Case Study at South East European University

Abstract This research paper explores the awareness, perceptions, and beliefs of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students at the South East European University regarding Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligences (MI) theory. Focusing on the dynamic landscape of contemporary education, the study aims to understand the extent to which students acknowledge and identify with different intelligences and the potential implications for language learning strategies and overall educational experiences. The research employs an exploratory mixed-methods approach, including a case study design, surveys, and qualitative analysis, to gather insights from bachelor's and master's-level students. Findings indicate a moderate level of familiarity with MI theory among the participants, with significant agreement on the utility of the theory in understanding learning abilities. The study underscores the importance of recognizing linguistic intelligence and suggests implications for pedagogical practices, curriculum development, and the creation of inclusive learning environments. Recommendations include fostering collaboration among educators to share best practices and seeking institutional support for initiatives related to MI theory integration in teaching. The research contributes to the ongoing discourse on effective language education and its alignment with theories of cognitive diversity, providing actionable insights for educators and institutions.

Agile Transformation through the Performing Management of It and Cyber Security Projects, at the Government Level

Abstract Modern theories of intelligence have developed from the observation that the person, throughout life, is in constant development. In order to be successful, certain conditions must be met. These conditions for achieving success in life depend on the skills that are formed during formal education, or at least should be pursued as goals, beyond the disciplines. In a current information society, the quality of life as well the perspectives of social change and economic development depend on information and its exploitation, especially in the institutional field of managing computer applications for the absorption of European funds, becoming a matter of national importance, with critical values for national security, characterized by the state of economic equilibrium. Scientific knowledge and information are of particular importance in the global information society by: supporting innovation through technology, promoting economic development through the use of emerging technologies, making decisions efficiently and transparently at government level. The implementation and use of intelligent technologies have a decisive role in the development of the degree of digitization of public services through non-refundable funding from European funds and the National Recovery and Resilience Plan. The reinvention of the government can be transformed into a reality through the digitization and computerization of the public administration, assuming the modernization of the infrastructure through specific sources of funding, such as European funds, ensuring security through advanced cyber protection and defense capabilities against possible vulnerabilities, risks or cyber-attacks. Achieving performance within the public institution requires an increased concern for innovation, creativity and change.

Planetarium pedagogy and technical learning experience: an investigation from instructional perspectives

The research focused on the National Planetarium Kuala Lumpur’s education programs, investigating the types and target audiences. It examined the educational theories and strategies used, including multiple intelligence theory and cooperative learning. The study also explored the alignment of astrophysics in Pearson Edexcel International General Certificate of Secondary Education (IGCSE) Physics with the Planetarium’s programs. Document analysis and participant observation were employed. The results revealed two program types: on-site and online. The programs showed alignment with IGCSE Physics and utilized theories like social cognitive theory. The National Planetarium positively impacted students through multi-intelligence theory, sociocultural theory, experiential theory, and constructivism. Gamification and group activities enhanced the learning experience. The Planetarium’s ability to simulate astronomical events made it an effective medium for instructional science institutions. Overall, the study highlighted the diverse education programs of the National Planetarium Kuala Lumpur, their alignment with IGCSE Physics, and their positive impact on students’ personal, physical, and social contexts.

Development of a Teacher Rating Scale for Giftedness (TRSG)

Abstract Introduction: Intellectual giftedness is an important student characteristic that teachers need to take into consideration when designing education programs and providing educational support to these students. Effective nomination and identification are the basis for further education. In nominating gifted students for special educational programs, teachers play an important role by providing information about superior characteristics of students. The purpose of this study is to develop a teacher rating scale (TRSG) for nominating the children to gifted education programs. Methods: In order to develop a teacher rating scale (TRSG) for nominating the children to gifted education programs, the present study involved three stages: item generation, instrument application and validity-reliability analyses. One hundred sixty-nine teachers participated in the study. To ensure the validity of the scale, its content, construct and criterion-related validity were examined, and to ensure its reliability, its Cronbach alpha value was calculated. For content validity, three experts on gifted education examined the items and the whole scale in terms of successful intelligence theory. After their approval of the content, construct validity was examined by confirmatory factor analysis. Results: The result of the analysis supported the three-factor structure of the scale having 17 items. According to the results of the research, it has been established that the TRSG is a valid and reliable instrument, and it may be used to nominate gifted children based on the evaluations of the teachers. Discussion: Sternberg (2018) defined three components. According to the theory of Sternberg (2018), giftedness involves analytical, practical and creative intelligences, and they are associated not only with each other but also with a G factor. In the analysis, each item was classified under a component of successful intelligence theory and the statistical examinations supported the anticipated associations among the items and the factors. Limitations: The sample size of the teachers was small. The limitations of this study are the use of convenience sampling and the inclusion of only 169 teachers in the sample. Another limitation is rating bias. Conclusions: The results on the validity and reliability supported the notion that the scale is appropriate to be used for nomination purposes by teachers in gifted education programs. Its limited number of items, quick application, and simple scoring procedures make it advantageous for use in various contexts.

Relationship between Music Education and Academic Performance in Elementary Schools in Jamaica

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between music education and academic performance in elementary schools in Jamaica. Materials and Methods: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The study indicated that students who participate in music education tend to have higher academic achievement across various subjects, particularly in mathematics and language arts. Music education enhances cognitive abilities such as memory, attention, and spatial-temporal skills, which contribute to better problem-solving and reasoning capabilities. Additionally, engaging in music activities fosters discipline, improves social skills, and enhances self-esteem, all of which are conducive to a more effective learning environment. These benefits collectively support the notion that music education can play a crucial role in the holistic development of young students, leading to improved academic outcomes. Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Multiple intelligences theory, socio-cultural theory and flow theory may be used to anchor future studies on assessing the relationship between music education and academic performance in elementary schools in Jamaica. Design music education curricula with comprehensive depth and diverse learning experiences to enhance critical thinking, creativity, and academic engagement among elementary school students. Advocate for the integration of music education into the core curriculum of elementary schools, recognizing its significant contributions to cognitive development, academic achievement, and overall student well-being.

Does peer tutoring have negative effects? An investigation and intervention on tutors’ implicit theories and beliefs of intelligence

Peer-tutoring (PT) is a widely studied learning strategy. No studies, to our knowledge, have examined the effects of PT on tutors’ metacognitive abilities, particularly in relation to implicit theories of intelligence. Study 1 aimed to determine the effects of PT on tutors’ theory and beliefs of intelligence and self-confidence in their own intelligence. Study 2 aimed to explore the efficacy of a metacognitive training administered to tutors on some metacognitive dimensions for both tutors and tutees. In Study 1, we compared tutors and no-tutors before and after PT; in Study 2 we compared tutors, who completed a brief metacognitive training, with a group of standard tutors, as well as their relative tutees. Participants were assigned to experimental conditions and assessed using various standardised questionnaires. Study 1 revealed a surprising negative effect: after PT, tutors tended to abandon the idea of intelligence as a modifiable construct and adopt a more dysfunctional theory of entity intelligence (Cohen’s d = .66). Study 2 also showed that the PT experience negatively affected tutors’ theory of intelligence (Cohen’s d = .94), but this held only for untrained tutors. We also found a positive indirect effect of the training on tutees’ attitudes towards maths.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES AND DIGITAL LITERACY SKILLS AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

This study investigates the relationship between multiple intelligence (MI) and digital literacy among university-level students. Drawing on Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences & contemporary understandings of digital literacy, research explores how different intelligence styles may influence many aspects of digital competency. Study population included all university students of District Lahore, and 600 students were selected randomly from this population. Quantitative research design was adopted for study in which standardized questionnaires were adopted for the study. Findings of study showed significant correlation amid specific intelligence styles & components of digital literacy, highlighting role of intrapersonal intelligence in communication, content creation, and safety within digital environments. Conversely, the verbal-linguistic intelligence shows limited correlation with digital literacy, stressing nuanced nature of intelligence-digital literacy associations. Furthermore, correlations reveal that content creation skills are associated with the intrapersonal intelligence & safety component, while the problem-solving was significantly linked to musical intelligence.

Enhancing Work Motivation Through the Correlation of Leaders' Emotional Intelligence and Teacher Engagement

This study evaluated the emotional intelligence level of leaders and the professionalism level of teachers at Inner Mongolia N College. The intention is to collect valuable information to enhance the motivation of teachers. This study applied Gorman's emotional intelligence theory to evaluate 228 teachers in the college. Focus on dimensions such as self-awareness, self-organization, motivation, empathy, and social skills. The goal of this study is to propose an "Enhanced Work Motivation" program aimed at enhancing the emotional intelligence of leaders and ultimately cultivating more motivated and dedicated faculty and staff. Researchers hope to have a lasting and positive impact on the work culture of educational institutions by adopting a comprehensive approach. Ultimately, researchers found that leaders of teachers are motivated, self-awareness, disciplined, empathetic, and possess social skills, as it promotes teacher engagement and helps organizations achieve success. Teachers believe that their participation is high, and they feel connected, invested, and dedicated to their role, which is a positive sign for their job satisfaction, performance, and overall quality of education provided. There were no significant differences in the evaluation of teacher respondents on their level of involvement in emotional, social, and cognitive aspects due to demographic factors such as age, gender, or length of service. This indicates that among the surveyed teachers, different population groups have consistent views on participation. The level of teacher participation in emotional, social, and cognitive domains is positively correlated with the emotional intelligence of leaders. This indicates that emotional intelligence is crucial for good educational leadership, which in turn affects teacher engagement and increases the overall success rate of the school community. Based on the conclusions drawn from this study, relevant suggestions are provided for future researchers to refer to and recognize the importance of the "Enhancing Work Motivation" program as a valuable measure in improving the emotional intelligence of leaders and cultivating proactive faculty and staff.

Neuromodulatory effects of parietal high-definition transcranial direct-current stimulation on network-level activity serving fluid intelligence.

Fluid intelligence (Gf) involves rational thinking skills and requires the integration of information from different cortical regions to resolve novel complex problems. The effects of non-invasive brain stimulation on Gf have been studied in attempts to improve Gf, but such studies are rare and the few existing have reached conflicting conclusions. The parieto-frontal integration theory of intelligence (P-FIT) postulates that the parietal and frontal lobes play a critical role in Gf. To investigate the suggested role of parietal cortices, we applied high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) to the left and right parietal cortices of 39 healthy adults (age 19-33years) for 20min in three separate sessions (left active, right active and sham). After completing the stimulation session, the participants completed a logical reasoning task based on Raven's Progressive Matrices during magnetoencephalography. Significant neural responses at the sensor level across all stimulation conditions were imaged using a beamformer. Whole-brain, spectrally constrained functional connectivity was then computed to examine the network-level activity. Behaviourally, we found that participants were significantly more accurate following left compared to right parietal stimulation. Regarding neural findings, we found significant HD-tDCS montage-related effects in brain networks thought to be critical for P-FIT, including parieto-occipital, fronto-occipital, fronto-parietal and occipito-cerebellar connectivity during task performance. In conclusion, our findings showed that left parietal stimulation improved abstract reasoning abilities relative to right parietal stimulation and support both P-FIT and the neural efficiency hypothesis. KEY POINTS: Abstract reasoning is a critical component of fluid intelligence and is known to be served by multispectral oscillatory activity in the fronto-parietal cortices. Recent studies have aimed to improve abstract reasoning abilities and fluid intelligence overall through behavioural training, but the results have been mixed. High-definition transcranial direct-current stimulation (HD-tDCS) applied to the parietal cortices modulated task performance and neural oscillations during abstract reasoning. Left parietal stimulation resulted in increased accuracy and decreased functional connectivity between occipital regions and frontal, parietal, and cerebellar regions. Future studies should investigate whether HD-tDCS alters abstract reasoning abilities in those who exhibit declines in performance, such as healthy ageing populations.

The impact of using Social Stories with the creative arts for individuals on the autism spectrum: Professionals' perspectives

AbstractThis study examined professionals' perspectives regarding the impact of using Social Stories with the creative arts for individuals on the autism spectrum. These perspectives were investigated using a theoretical framework which integrates Bandura's social learning theory and Gardner's multiple intelligences theory. A mixed‐methods sequential design was used, starting with a questionnaire, followed by the use of a series of qualitative methods. The findings revealed that including the creative arts is seen as an active component that supports the use of Social Stories. A variety of views, attitudes and suggestions were expressed, along with some concerns and challenges that were raised in relation to the impact of using Social Stories in conjunction with the creative arts.

Teaching Innovation of Core Literacy in Physical Education and Health Courses in Colleges and Universities Based on Multiple Regression Modeling

Currently, the teaching of physical education and health courses in colleges and universities only focuses on whether students have completed physical exercise, but not on the cultivation of students’ physical education core literacy. This paper establishes a coherent teaching framework of “learning-practice-evaluation” for physical education and health courses from the theory of multiple intelligences and the core literacy elements of physical education, aiming to effectively enhance the core literacy of students in colleges and universities. The study was conducted within the scope of University A in Province G. A questionnaire was used to obtain the data related to students’ physical education and health, and a multiple regression model with parameter estimation by the weighted least squares method was used to analyze the role of physical education and health courses in promoting the core literacy of physical education and health. Structural equation modeling was also used to conduct exploratory factor analysis and validation factor analysis of students’ physical education core literacy. It was found that for every 1 percentage point increase in the teaching level of physical education and health courses in colleges and universities, the students’ physical education core literacy would increase by 1.347 percentage points. The path coefficient between students’ factors and physical education discipline factors is 0.853, and the X2/DF of the model is 1.696.Physical education teachers must adopt diversified teaching design under the goal point of core literacy to stimulate students’ interest in physical education learning and exercise consciousness, promote students’ active participation in physical education activities, and enhance students’ core literacy in physical education.

Mindful Teaching, Diverse Learning: Harnessing Multiple Intelligences for Students Success

In recent times, a noticeable trend has emerged—many undergraduate students are raising concerns about the teaching techniques employed by their lecturers. This highlights the fact that students exhibit varied learning preferences based on their distinct types of intelligence. To address this, the multiple intelligence approach offers a solution to assess students' individual profiles and their favoured teaching styles. Employing multiple intelligence tests becomes a means to categorize student types effectively. Leveraging the Multiple Intelligence (MI) approach, educators can tailor teaching methodologies to align with students' needs. This study employs a qualitative research design, investigating how 70 lecturers perceive the multiple intelligences theory in education. Carefully selected participants from diverse disciplines and experience levels are chosen through purposeful sampling. Thematic analysis of interview data aims to uncover themes and patterns related to lecturers' comprehension, beliefs, attitudes towards multiple intelligences, their integration into teaching practices, and the challenges encountered. Ultimately, the findings promise to offer valuable insights to educators and institutions, facilitating the seamless integration of diverse teaching strategies.

Mindful Teaching, Diverse Learning: Harnessing Multiple Intelligences for Students Success

In recent times, a noticeable trend has emerged—many undergraduate students are raising concerns about the teaching techniques employed by their lecturers. This highlights the fact that students exhibit varied learning preferences based on their distinct types of intelligence. To address this, the multiple intelligence approach offers a solution to assess students' individual profiles and their favoured teaching styles. Employing multiple intelligence tests becomes a means to categorize student types effectively. Leveraging the Multiple Intelligence (MI) approach, educators can tailor teaching methodologies to align with students' needs. This study employs a qualitative research design, investigating how 70 lecturers perceive the multiple intelligences theory in education. Carefully selected participants from diverse disciplines and experience levels are chosen through purposeful sampling. Thematic analysis of interview data aims to uncover themes and patterns related to lecturers' comprehension, beliefs, attitudes towards multiple intelligences, their integration into teaching practices, and the challenges encountered. Ultimately, the findings promise to offer valuable insights to educators and institutions, facilitating the seamless integration of diverse teaching strategies.

A study on a model of intercultural learning contents and methods

This study is a model study on the contents and methods of intercultural learning. Starting with a discussion of the intercultural learning model construct, it presents key contents important for intercultural learning and learning methods that can increase the effectiveness of intercultural learning. Also, we actually conducted the above learning program at the learning site and discussed the observations and results. It was a case study that allowed us to test the effectiveness of cultural intelligence theory, the latest theory that can improve intercultural competency. In addition, in order for the cultural intelligence theory to be effective in the learning process, it was found that the PBL method, which allows learners to solve problems on their own, rather than cramming education, is useful. Additionally, it was found that the ARCS model was also very effective in motivating and maintaining learners' continuous motivation. At this time, the instructor was also able to see that the effect increases when the role of catalyst becomes the main one.

Analysis of the Construction of Tennis Technology Teaching System in Physical Education Based on Fuzzy Mathematics

This research looks at how fuzzy mathematics may be used in the development of a tennis technological instructional system in PE. Tennis players will learn how to operate the system while it is being built. The goal is to enhance both the teaching and learning of tennis skills by establishing a technique that is simultaneously comprehensive and effective. The approach considers factors including player ability, court conditions, and equipment choice, all of which affect tennis effectiveness and skill acquisition. The system makes use of a number of different methods, including fuzzier logic and fuzzy sets. The proposed method aims to optimize the teaching procedure for teaching tennis in physical education classrooms, with the ultimate objective of improving the overall effectiveness of tennis instruction. Customized comments and flexible teaching strategies will help us reach our goal. A lot of progress has been achieved in Asia over the past couple of decades in what is being called the "global fitness campaign." Everyone's day now includes some kind of sporting activity. Colleges and universities, as incubators of talent, have started adapting their methods of teaching physical education in order to produce more people with high levels of competitiveness, pedagogical skill, and social flexibility. More specifically, people with such skills will be able to compete favorably, educate others effectively, and integrate into their new environments. In an effort to modernize the way physical education is taught in higher education, several institutions have begun introducing the notion of multiple intelligences to their students. This work is part of a larger movement to modernize the way K–12 and higher education institutions teach physical education. It provides a thorough illustration of the benefits that the theory of several different intelligences brings to the classroom placement of physical education by analyzing both the concept and the substance of the theory of many abilities as well as contrasting it to the conventional method for instructing physical education. In this study, an educational model predicated on the idea of many intelligences is built using fuzzy mathematics and the fuzzy set approach. The theoretical basis for the model further, we investigate experimental approaches to teaching Tennis in higher education. This study's overarching goal is to improve physical education instruction at universities. We evaluate college Tennis coaching in order to learn more about the students' understanding of sports technology, their capacity for constructive thought, and their skills as future educators. We employ the theory of multiple intelligences as a theoretical framework to guide our investigations. The results of the research show that the educational technique, which was driven by the idea of multiple intelligences, was adapted to the unique cognitive styles of the students who took part in the trials. Teachers and students spoke to one another during class, which boosted students' capacity for critical thinking.

Family Transformation Toward Sakinah: A Review of Tarekat Naqsabandiyah Khalidiyah Role in Darul Ulum Islamic Boarding School Turi Panekan Magetan

Marriage is a very sacred ceremony, which aims to achieve happiness and in fact this marriage ceremony is inseparable from the rules set out in religious law. The main goal is to form a family filled with love and affection. However, in this day and age, the concept of family has lost its spiritual dimension as a means of worship to the Creator. Marriage is often considered a mere formality process, a social agreement between two individuals of different genders. As a result, the sacred meaning of marriage, where God is the witness to the covenant, is dimmed due to the lack of spirituality that pervades society. Family well-being is often measured in material terms, while spirituality plays a more important role. Therefore, the author is interested in examining families that have more value in the spiritual aspect, especially families related to tarekat. The purpose of this study is to uncover the impact of tarekat teachings on family well-being. In this article, the theory of spiritual intelligence is used as a foundation. The research method used is descriptive-analytical field research, using phenomenological and psychological approaches. Data were collected through interviews with primary sources consisting of murshids and students of the Naqsabandiyah Khalidiyah tarekat, as well as using secondary sources in the form of references from relevant books and journals. The results showed that marriage involves divine and human commitments, and is a social covenant. The implementation and role of the family in the Naqsabandiyah Khalidiyah tarekat take place as families in general. Therefore, tarekat can be considered as an alternative solution in forming a spiritually prosperous family

An Overview of the Free Energy Principle and Related Research.

The free energy principle and its corollary, the active inference framework, serve as theoretical foundations in the domain of neuroscience, explaining the genesis of intelligent behavior. This principle states that the processes of perception, learning, and decision making-within an agent-are all driven by the objective of "minimizing free energy," evincing the following behaviors: learning and employing a generative model of the environment to interpret observations, thereby achieving perception, and selecting actions to maintain a stable preferred state and minimize the uncertainty about the environment, thereby achieving decision making. This fundamental principle can be used to explain how the brain processes perceptual information, learns about the environment, and selects actions. Two pivotal tenets are that the agent employs a generative model for perception and planning and that interaction with the world (and other agents) enhances the performance of the generative model and augments perception. With the evolution of control theory and deep learning tools, agents based on the FEP have been instantiated in various ways across different domains, guiding the design of a multitude of generative models and decision-making algorithms. This letter first introduces the basic concepts of the FEP, followed by its historical development and connections with other theories of intelligence, and then delves into the specific application of the FEP to perception and decision making, encompassing both low-dimensional simple situations and high-dimensional complex situations. It compares the FEP with model-based reinforcement learning to show that the FEP provides a better objective function. We illustrate this using numerical studies of Dreamer3 by adding expected information gain into the standard objective function. In a complementary fashion, existing reinforcement learning, and deep learning algorithms can also help implement the FEP-based agents. Finally, we discuss the various capabilities that agents need to possess in complex environments and state that the FEP can aid agents in acquiring these capabilities.

Logical-semantic models and methods of knowledge representation: cases for energy management systems and SMR digital infrastructures

The subject of this article is the development of information technologies at the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century for the Fourth Industrial Revolution in the form of Industry 4.0, i.e., Internet of Things (IoT) technologies. Successes in the implementation of this technology have led to the development of new applications in the energy sector, such as energy management systems, small modular reactor (SMR) management systems, and alternative power supply systems based on renewable energy sources. The digital infrastructure of these management systems is characterized by a high "density of knowledge", which requires clarification of fundamental concepts in information theory, namely the content of the concepts "data", "information", "knowledge" and "meaning of knowledge". Special attention was given to defining the role of knowledge. The aim of this study is to further develop methods and models of semiotic theory by determining the role and place of logical as well as eight- and four-factor logical-semantic models of knowledge bases in semiotic space. The tasks: comparing existing knowledge representation methods and models. Research results: We found that the logical models used in the development of knowledge bases are based on the principles of artificial intelligence theory, which relies on sign system hypotheses and formal logic theory. The main drawback is the complexity of practical implementation in the form of expert systems. For logical-semantic models in the form of eight-vector graphic models, it was found that there is currently no theoretical justification for defining the vectors that form the coordinate axes, making these models unique to specific subject areas. It was determined that the advantage of using these methods is that an expert can independently form such a knowledge model. For logical-semantic models in the form of four-factor graphic models, there is a theoretical justification for defining the factors of the model that form the coordinate axes, making these models universal for specific subject areas. It was established that the advantage of these models is that they can be developed by experts without the involvement of a knowledge engineer. Therefore, it is proposed to use four-factor logical-semantic knowledge representation models for further application. It is also proposed to split the element "logical-semantic models" into two elements in the semiotic spatial model in vector K8 "Knowledge Representation Models", namely: "logical-semantic eight-vector models" and "logical-semantic four-factor models". Additionally, it is proposed to add the element "post-Cartesian representation of meta-knowledge" to the element "geometric" in vector K5 "Ideal Models". Conclusions: The theoretical basis for developing eight-factor logical-semantic knowledge representation models is the form of connections between adjacent vectors in the form of Cartesian products on elements of the corresponding inter-coordinate matrices. The theoretical basis for the methodology of developing four-factor logical-semantic knowledge representation models is the form of connections between adjacent vectors in the form of Cartesian products for elements of the corresponding inter-coordinate matrices, as well as for diametrically opposite pairs of factors in the form of dialectical unity of the concepts "general" and "particular." The application of logical-semantic knowledge representation models for alternative energy-source management systems will ensure increased energy efficiency. Other cases related to the development of databases for SMR digital infrastructure are discussed.

Key antecedents of maximal levels of aspiration and minimal boundary goals: a structural equation modeling analysis

AbstractResearch findings indicate that two types of goals, which focus on the lowest (highest) levels of achievement possible in a learning setting, are strong predictors of how well students attain in school. Unfortunately, little is known about how these two goals, termed minimal boundary goals (MBG) and maximal levels of aspiration (MLA) relate to psychological constructs that are theorized to be antecedents of goals. To fill this knowledge gap, this research collected data from 463 secondary-school students and tested a model linking these goals to achievement motives and theory of intelligence. Results revealed that not believing that intelligence is fixed and devoting effort to studying was associated with a strong endorsement of MLA. At the same time, making low/no efforts to study, being afraid of failure, and believing that intelligence is fixed were strong predictors of MBG. These findings advance current knowledge and have important implications for teaching and learning.

Artistic Activities and Developing Creative Thinking Skills among Children in Early Childhood

The study explores the pivotal role of artistic activities in cultivating creative thinking skills during early childhood in identifying the profound impact of these activities on children’s cognitive, emotional and social development. Grounded in Piaget’s cognitive development theory and Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligence has shown the influence of different factors that have included pedagogical approaches, parental involvement, cultural background, and the age and duration of artistic engagement. The literature review has shown the foundational principles of creative thinking programs in early childhood education, emphasising the need for innovative and balanced approaches. Also, with the help of a survey, 300 participants of data were gathered that were teachers and caregivers. Content analysis has been done to get subjective results. The study has included the importance of incorporating artistic activities into educational settings and parents’ support, highlighting the consistent dynamics shaping creativity outcomes and advocating holistic foundations for children’s future success.