Intellectual Thought Research Articles

Orientalism, Postmodernism and Globalization by Brian Turner: Analytical Approach

In this encyclopedic book entitled (Orientalism, Postmodernism, and Globalism), Brian Turner, the British Marxist philosopher, thinker, and sociologist, discusses the thoughts of prominent intellectuals of modernity and postmodernity, and, most famous orientalists in the history of Orientalism. Turner refutes their opinions regarding the role of religion in societies, and the ability of Islam to be a lever for modernization. After the collapse of Communism and the overwhelming of Western societies in endless social and economic problems, Islam may be the only alternative to Western capitalist hegemony in today's world. Globalization and postmodernism further complicate the notion of “society” and thus challenged the legitimacy and coherence of “sociology” itself, but also they have affected all fields, including Orientalism. Orientalism, under the pluralism of globalization and the violation of all boundaries by postmodernism, seemed an outdated and invalid critical maneuver, not to mention its intrinsic problems.Therefore, Turner wants to take us to a global sociology, through the efforts of social scientists and thinkers who are well aware of the threats, but also the new opportunities posed by postmodernism. Turner singles out special treatment of the postmodern consumer society. He believes that daily life has become part of a global system of commodity exchange and is not easily affected by political leaders, intellectuals, or religious leaders. Therefore, the danger to faith will be in terms of consumerism and its symbols, not in terms of logical arguments and rational research into presuppositions about the West or the East.Brian Turner's ability to bring together such discussions of religion, politics, culture, and intellectuals represents a remarkable integration of cultural analysis into cultural studies. This study aims to provide a critical analysis of Turner's views on the three topics under discussion in the book: Orientalism, globalization, and postmodernism.

Analysis of Aesthetic Features of Official Kilns in Song Dynasty

The Chinese Porcelain art burgeoned during the Song Dynasty, particularly under emperor Huizong’s rule. Within the era, the official kiln was known for its exquisite quality and the fascinating philosophical thoughts underpinning the art pieces’ unique aesthetic features. This paper analyzes and portrays the aesthetic outlooks of the official kilns, examining the philosophy, form, textures, colors, production details, and the influences of the art. Sources of the analysis will be derived from different literature, including Mandarin and Western. The findings of this paper suggest that the Celadon art, particularly the official kiln, is an art form that stems from the particular political situation of the Song era, with the art form’s development comprised of the combined intellectual thoughts of the Song artists and literati. In addition, not only has the official kilns evolved from its previous art forms, which originated as early as the Han Dynasty but also carried on its influences on future art forms even until the modern period.

A New Wave of Bahā’ī Intellectual Thought: The Impact and Contributions of World Order Magazine

This paper explores the scholarship and intellectual contribution of the second series of World Order magazine, which published from 1966 until 2008 over 38 volumes. In so doing, I provide a narrative overview of the main themes and papers in World Order, and by extension some of the topics being discussed in the worldwide Bahā’ī community. This is complemented by interviews with past World Order editors, who provided information on papers, topics and issues that generated the most interest and print runs, a listing of the number of pieces and articles by topic, and a questionnaire survey of those attending an academic Bahā’ī conference. I compare themes identified in the overview with contemporary discourses over a similar period drawing on surveys of textbook and journal contents in similar areas. In addition, I summarise available information on the most cited (from Google Scholar) and downloaded (from Bahā’ī Library online) World Order papers, and hence those contributions with the most impact using these quantitative approaches. I show that Abizadeh’s paper on ‘Ethnicity, Race, and a Possible Humanity’, which discusses how the concept of the oneness of humanity can potentially address racial problems, is the most cited paper, and Stokes’s paper on ‘The Story of Joseph in Five Religious Traditions’, a piece on comparative religion, is the most downloaded. Overall, the most cited and downloaded papers are indicative of the breadth of topics covered in World Order, with pieces on political philosophy, law, education, history, theology, and psychology. The number of articles and editorials on social issues, such as racial justice, women’s rights, and environmentalism, is one indication that the Bahā’ī community was at the forefront of thinking about social action.

Decolonization the what, whyand how: A treatieson Indigenous nursing knowledge.

Decolonization the what, whyand how: A treatieson Indigenous nursing knowledge.

Penguatan Bahasa Indonesia di Kancah Persaingan Global dan Signifikansinya bagi Studi Filsafat

The study of Indonesian language issues in higher education states that the low positive attitude of Indonesian citizens towards Indonesian language is the root of the birth of problems surrounding Indonesian language. Therefore, this study affirms the position of Indonesian in the global competition. Through regular and serious efforts to increase vocabulary, the ability of Indonesian vocabulary in expressing intellectual thoughts or in the development of science, technology and art cannot be underestimated. This optimism is supported by the positive attitude of the Indonesian people towards the Indonesian language, the increase of groups who cannot speak Indonesian and groups who are not proficient in Indonesian, the dissemination of codification results (Indonesianization of foreign words and terms) to Indonesian speakers, and the publication of codification results and language development as much as possible. In addition, this study reveals the central position of Indonesian as a means of studying philosophy. This point is intended to further convince the academic community of the philosophy campus of the importance of Indonesian as a means of revealing cultural treasures, a means of logical consideration, and a means of personality development.

Gatekeepers and Guardians of Black Intellectual Thought: Black Male Teacher-Coaches Combating an Anti-Black Epistemic Order

Background/Context: Historical narratives and contemporary research continue to produce scholarship on teacher-coaches through a White racial frame that both reifies a Western European origin story and centers the experiences of White males. However, the American history of teacher-coaches is not the Black history of teacher-coaches. The Black male teacher-coach tradition is anchored in the utilization of Black intellectual thought to implement revisionist ontology projects that simultaneously claim Black personhood and contest curricular genocide while being consumed within an anti-Black milieu. In this study, the tradition of Black male teacher-coaches’ critical civic engagement within secondary schools is taken from the margins and centered. Purpose/Objective/Research Questions/Focus of Study: This study examines how Black male teacher-coaches utilize Black intellectual thought within secondary social studies and literature courses to combat a White-controlled epistemic order of knowledge. Within their courses, the participants purposefully challenge institutional forms of bad faith by utilizing Black intellectual thought to unsettle the coloniality of truth to challenge the existing anti-Black scholastic order of knowledge. Using the theoretical lenses of subjective understanding and bad faith, this study is guided by the following primary research question: How do Black men in predominantly non-Black schools utilize Black intellectual thought to enact their work as teacher-coaches? Research Design: The findings from this study emerge from an instrumental multiple case study that included four Black male teacher-coaches serving as secondary social studies or literature educators in schools that were not predominantly Black. Employing an interpretive approach within this methodology created space to redress the following two broader external interests: (1) de-essentializing the specificity of the Black male teacher-coach tradition from a Eurocentric dominant narrative, and (2) explicating the salience of Black intellectual thought in the counter-hegemonic practices of these Black men relative to anti-intellectual tropes about teacher-coaches in general. Findings/Results: Findings indicate how participants continue the legacy of the long Civil Rights Movement by utilizing Black intellectual thought to enact a project of revisionist ontology to combat an anti-Black epistemic order of knowledge. The study explicates the following thematic findings: (1) carving out space for Black intellectual thought, (2) centering Black intellectual thought, and (3) making Black intellectual thought relevant. Conclusions/Recommendations: Findings from this study illustrate how Black teachers in general, and Black male teacher-coaches in particular, serve as the gatekeepers and guardians of Black intellectual thought within predominantly non-Black secondary schools. Participants who were secondary social studies and literature teachers resisted a White-controlled epistemic order that marginalizes Black intellectual thought. These findings have direct implications for secondary preservice teachers with the desire to courageously enact fugitive pedagogical practices to include diverse, antiracist curricular materials.

The Hungarian Nippon Society

The Hungarian Nippon Society was founded in 1924, with the aim of building and developing Hungarian–Japanese relations, popularising Japan and Japanese culture in Hungary, and encouraging research on Japan. The society organised public lectures on Japan and Japanese culture and art exhibitions and social events connected to Japanese culture, and through these activities the society was the most important organiser and promoter of Japanese culture and art in Hungary between the two world wars. This society was the first (and for a long time, until the foundation of the Hungarian Japanese Friendship Society in 1987, the only) association in Hungary to focus solely on Japan and Japanese culture. This study summarises the most important issues related to the Nippon Society, with the aim of placing its history and activity in the broader historic and ideological context of its time. Examining the history of the Hungarian Nippon Society can provide us a more nuanced picture about how and why Japan’s image changed during the first half of the 20th century in a Central European country that had different images and concepts about the East and thus a different approach than Western European societies had. Moreover, this case of a primarily cultural association in a politically difficult era can show how different cultural and intellectual thoughts and theories can be affected by identity issues and by contemporary politics, political thinking, and international situations.

Introduction: materialism and materiality in Asia: intellectual thoughts and real challenges

AbstractThis is an introduction essay to the IJAS special issue “Materialism and Materiality in Asia,” which is devoted to the intersections between Marxist historical materialism and the more recent new materialisms in different Asian contexts. The two materialisms correspond to two pressing social problems we are facing: the social inequality and alienations created by capitalism on the one hand and the environmental crises happening under the Anthropocene on the other. Bringing the two strains of thought together, we hope to explore ways to reconnect with the material world, and to develop theorizations that are more responsible to humans and non-humans.

Thoughts of Awakening by Sivavakkiyar

Intellectual thoughts and memories have existed in Tamil literary contexts from the very beginning. Moreover, the Siddha literature is full of criticism of superstitions, physical realism, anti-idolatry, anti-Manu, anti-false rituals, and encouragement of virtuous deeds. For the sake of simplicity, this article can analyze the rational ideas embodied in Sivavakkiyar's poems within the three categories of thought, word, and deed. The word "Dravidian" and its principles are not intended to scratch the feelings of the individual. It is a denunciation of slavery, the concentration of power, and superstitions. Such qualities can be seen in the spiritual box, as a form of rationalism, as an anti-caste and anti-religious key, as a woman's reverence, as the peeling sun of false ascetics, and as the saffron that celebrates the body and mind.

“They never told us that Black is beautiful”: Fostering Black joy and Pro-Blackness pedagogies in early childhood classrooms

Black Art in various forms has long been used by people in the African Diaspora to promote Black joy and Pro-Blackness yet it is often not included in language and literacy early childhood pedagogies to uplift Black children in North American schools. Likewise, many anti-racist early childhood research studies focus on the challenges faced by Black people with little emphasis on Black joy and Pro-Black narratives and the ways they are central to our psychic preservation and survival in the fight against anti-Black racism (Dunn D and Love B, 2020; Ladson-Billings, 2019b). As a child, Nina Simone’s Young Gifted and Black song lyrics rang true as the source of my Black joy was knowing the brilliance of Black people and being proud of our resistance to anti-Black racism. Growing up in the Jamaican context I heard the reggae version of her song rendered by Reggae artistes Marcia Griffiths and Bob Marley also Pro-Black advocates who contributed to my racial pride. Contemporary Jamaican Reggae artists like Chronixx with his song Black is Beautiful continue to promote these racial affirming messages. In this article, I focus on ways teachers can learn to promote Black Joy and Pro-Blackness in the early years as I introduce the notion of an African Diaspora Racial Literacy pedagogy that celebrates and fosters racial pride using Black music and poetry. By coining African Diaspora Racial Literacy, I refer to an instructional approach that draws from positive affirming racial messages from the African Diaspora to promote Black joy and racial pride, raise children’s critical consciousness, and prepare children to be able to take action against anti-Black racism. Through the lenses of Pro-Black Jamaican Intellectual Thought, critical race, Black Feminist, and decolonizing perspectives, I explore Jamaican Black Art literacies (e.g. song and poetry) and provide recommendations for teachers of children of African descent that center Black joy and Pro-Blackness as resistance to anti-Black racism in early childhood pedagogy and practice.

The Contribution of Sir Maulana Abdur Rahim to Islamic Thought (On Women's and Workers Rights)

Maulana Abdur Rahim was one of the leading Muslim scholars in the Indian subcontinent during mid-20 th century. He is well known for his Intellectual thoughts through various writings, especially the Islamization of human knowledge. Most of his works are to refute Western ideologies on the basis of Islamic literature. This study aims to explore two significant ideas from his writings. Firstly, the article explores how Maulana Abdur Rahim compared and analyzed women's rights according to Islamic and secular worldviews. Especially, secular scholars often criticized by stating that Muslim women had no right to participate in social activities. Abdur Rahim refuted this type of argument and wrote that Islam allows Muslim women to participate in social activities. Women just need to follow some principles of Islam and Islam is comprehensive religion to protect the rights of women in the best manner. Secondly, this paper will examine how he portrayed the rights of workers in Islam in comparison with capitalist and Marxist ideologies. Especially he said that the rights of workers in socialist and capitalist societies had been violated. Moreover, the only owner of the whole world is Allah, and we are all his slaves (Bandha ). That is why the prevailing social inequality between workers and employers has no place in Islam. The qualitative method is used to do content analysis from his writings to comprehend how he compared and came up with solutions for Muslim society which is affected by secular ideologies. This study has found that Maulana Abdur Rahim’s analysis in support of Islam can provide better and long-term effective solutions in comparison with the solutions that secular ideologies addressed for the rights for women and workers.

KEBUDAYAAN ISLAM SEBAGAI LITERASI PADA GENERASI MILLENIAL

The purpose of writing this scientific article is to describe the concept of the development of Islamic culture. In addition, this article also describes the concept of Islamic culture, the development of Islamic culture during the Khulafaur Rasyidin era, acculturation of Islamic culture in Indonesia, and the values ​​of Islamic culture. This article aims as literacy material, which is to increase knowledge and understanding of Islamic culture, especially for the milenial generation. The method used for reviewing this article is a literature study. The data obtained were compiled, analyzed, and conclsuded to obtain conclusions regarding the study of literature. The result is that the values ​​of Islamic culture and civilization are important in the life of the academic and intellectual community, the birth of Muslim intellectual thoughts needs to be encouraged with attitude; oriented to devotion and divine truth, think critically and innovatively, work hard, be open, honest, fair, responsible, sincere, and disciplined.

The Synthetic Role of Dialectics from Hegelianism and Taoism in Philosophical Investigation into the Complex Inter-civilisational and Human Development Issues

Both School of Hegalianism from the Western philosophy and School of Taoism from the ancient Chinese intellectual schools of thoughts can be unquestionably epitomised as two quintessential, enigmatic schools of dialectics, which to a large degree facilitate the intellectual researchers and scholars within the field of philosophy, humanities, social sciences and so forth to theoretically deconstruct and extrapolate the complex, authentic, objective world system and global human civilisations in a dialectical and synthetic fashion instead of the metaphysical and intuitive perspectives alone. In that regard, the hypothetical questions of 1) whether both Hegalianism and Taoism share certain implicit reciprocal conceptual components that may outweigh their explicitly diametrical diversity owning to the explicit heterogeneity in historical background, social development trajectory, and socioeconomic and politico-economic development pattern between the Agrarian Civilisation and the Oceanic Civilisation in history, and of 2) whether their intellectual thoughts and legacies of dialectics can accurately monitor and predict the infinite occurrence of inter-civilisational, international development issues and human development affairs may at least help to construct a thought-provoking theoretical guideline and framework, which are unquestionably worthy of profound theoretic investigation and empirical analysis. The ultimate purpose of this academic manuscript attempts to dialectically identify and deconstruct certain vital dissimilarities and complementarities between Hegelianism and Taoism and philosophically build a theoretical bridge that interconnects them for the sake of follow-up empirical analysis of their differentiated methodologies. Moreover, this paper seeks to in a dialectical fashion evaluate the availability, applicability and functionality of these two intellectual schools in a context of inter-civilisational and international development, especially pertaining to the underlying themes of global economic crisis and macroeconomic recovery, the unprecedented global climate crisis, and global COVID-19 pandemic with much insufficiency of global sanitation partnership reform and imbalanced means of production. This academic manuscript seeks to itemise and quantify the diverse conceptual components between Hegelianism and Taoism as well as qualitative comments on their potential areas that they might share and develop. Additionally, this paper attempts to undertake hermeneutic retrospectives of their legacies of dialectics and case studies of international, inter-civilisational development issues and human development issues. In a nutshell, on a basis of existential research findings so far, this paper draws preliminary conclusions that the reflexivity of dialectics from Hegelianism and Taoism helps to classify and clarify the implicit dogmatic principles that drive the advancement of global human development, and inter-civilisational development on the grounds of dialectical antithesis as the theoretical guidelines. On the other hand, neither of them can mostly accurately function as a guarantee for maximum prediction and monitoring of world affairs, which necessitates updated data elaboration, comprehensive out-of-box thinking mode, maximum interdisciplinary theoretical breakthroughs and discovery from a maximum dialectical, inter-civilisational perspectives. That can prevent the readers, scholars and researchers from falling into the idealistic solipsism.

DINAMIKA PEMIKIRAN KLASIFIKASI ILMU DALAM KHAZANAH INTELEKTUAL ISLAM KLASIK

The idea of science integration which is an important issue of Muslims today demands attention to the study of science classification. This topic is among the least touched in discussions related to Islam and science. This article is the result of a literature review that raises classical Muslim intellectual thoughts related to the classification of science. During the heyday of Islam, this issue received serious attention from many Muslim intellectuals at that time. The important findings from this paper are that: First, the repertoire of thought in the classification of science in Islam shows the great enthusiasm of Muslim scientists in the development of science whose impact can be felt today. Second, although there are various variations in the classification of science, they still provide respect and space for metaphysical or religious sciences. Third, there are two patterns in the classification of science as stated by Muslim scientists, some are strongly influenced by the Greek tradition, and some are based on Islamic treasures. This division in the present context, this idea is similar to the view of Islamization of science and the view of Islamic scholarship.

О традиции преподавания базовой экономической теории в Московском университете: прошлое, настоящее, будущее

The article examines the tradition of teaching economic theory at Moscow University since the late 19th to the early 21st century through basic textbooks, which reflect the specificity, theoretical and practical problems of the corresponding historical periods. The narrative proposed shows the emergence of innovative textbooks that embody the breakthroughs in both the subject and method of economic theory and the methodology for its teaching. Apprehension of students and recognition of colleagues have become well-deserved attributes of manuals by A.I. Chuprov, N.A. Tsagolov and Yu.N. Cheremnykh. As well as many others, they absorbed, developed, and passed on from generation to generation the experience of teaching fundamental economic disciplines. Drawing on the «pendulum principle» widely used in the research of various intellectual thoughts, the authors show the main features of the new generation of textbooks that will be in demand by students and teachers shortly. While maintaining consistency in reflecting economic reality, the new manuals should meet the requirements of digital economy, such as fundamental and, at the same time, practical orientation of students. According to the authors, basic courses and textbooks on economic theory will be more interactive while their content expansion will occur due to behavioral aspects at both micro- and macrolevels. That will allow students to learn the principles of mainstream and alternative theoretical approaches to solving urgent practical problems.

О традиции преподавания базовой экономической теории в Московском университете: прошлое, настоящее, будущее

The article examines the tradition of teaching economic theory at Moscow University since the late 19th to the early 21st century through basic textbooks, which reflect the specificity, theoretical and practical problems of the corresponding historical periods. The narrative proposed shows the emergence of innovative textbooks that embody the breakthroughs in both the subject and method of economic theory and the methodology for its teaching. Apprehension of students and recognition of colleagues have become well-deserved attributes of manuals by A.I. Chuprov, N.A. Tsagolov and Yu.N. Cheremnykh. As well as many others, they absorbed, developed, and passed on from generation to generation the experience of teaching fundamental economic disciplines. Drawing on the «pendulum principle» widely used in the research of various intellectual thoughts, the authors show the main features of the new generation of textbooks that will be in demand by students and teachers shortly. While maintaining consistency in reflecting economic reality, the new manuals should meet the requirements of digital economy, such as fundamental and, at the same time, practical orientation of students. According to the authors, basic courses and textbooks on economic theory will be more interactive while their content expansion will occur due to behavioral aspects at both micro- and macrolevels. That will allow students to learn the principles of mainstream and alternative theoretical approaches to solving urgent practical problems.

Good Neighbor in the American Historical Imagination: Mexican American Intellectual Thought in the Fight for Civil Rights, 1930s–1940s

Abstract This article argues that historical narrative has held a significant role in Mexican American identity formation and civil rights activism by examining the way Mexican Americans in the 1930s and 1940s used history to claim full citizenship status in Texas. In particular, it centers on how George I. Sánchez (1906–1972), a scholar of Latin American education, revised historical narrative by weaving history and foreign policy together through a pragmatic lens. To educators and federal officials, Sánchez used this revisionist history to advocate for Mexican Americans, insisting that the Good Neighbor policy presented the United States with the chance to translate into reality the democratic ideals long professed in the American historical imagination. The example of Sánchez also prompts us to reexamine the historiography in our present day: How do we define the tradition and trajectory of Mexican American intellectual thought in U.S. history? This article posits that when Sánchez and other Mexican Americans thought about their community’s collective identity and civil rights issues through history, they were contributing to a longer conversation driven by questions about identity formation and equality that first emerged at the end of the U.S. War with Mexico in 1848. These questions remain salient in the present, indicating the need for a historiographic examination that will change how we imagine the tradition of intellectual thought in the United States.

The Rise of Black Feminist Intellectual Thought and Political Activism in Perinatal Quality Improvement: A Righteous Rage about Racism, Resistance, Resilience, and Rigor

AbstractIn this description of her work in perinatal quality improvement, obstetrician and crunk public health scholar Dr. Karen A. Scott describes the ways in which perinatal quality improvement has typically prioritized the deaths or near deaths of Black women at the exclusion of the lived experiences of Black women and people as patient, community, and content experts. Drawn into the work to apply a Black women‐centered and liberatory analytic, Dr. Scott turned to Black feminist anthropology to transform perinatal quality improvement ethics and theories of change. The work of Leith Mullings, particularly her excursus on the Sojourner Syndrome, was at the center of Dr. Scott's approach to abating Black perinatal death and redesigning perinatal quality improvement.

Women Heroes Behind Martin Luther King’s Civil Disobedience As One Of Major Moments In American History

Women in America has long history and journey towards their independent and rights, especially black women or African-American women. Their struggle for justice and equality has faced many challenges and turmoils ever since its movement begun. One of the movements was The Civil Rights movements by the mid of 20th century. Martin Luther King, Jr. was an African-American who vocalized in initiating and fighting for Civil Rights from black people community. His dedication for liberty and equality without segregation and racism is acknowledged to American and also has been used for references for many scholars in different fields of study globally. This paper is qualitative descriptive which focuses on describing the Women Heroes and their contributions behind Martin Luther King, Jr’s journey to struggle for Civil Rights in America. The findings shows that there are at least three heroes; Rosa Louise McCauley a.k.a Rosa Parks, Constance Baker Motley, and Coretta Scott King who did not only show their courage but also bring huge impacts to legalize the Civil Rights Movement. Rosa Parks acted as symbol of civil rights movements supported by Montley as their legal supporter, and also Coreta who had given her many intellectual thoughts to King. Their dedications were undenialiable and became spirit for African-American rights up until now. This paper contributes to further readings about civil rights movement and its features, especially women heroes behind the movement.

Undergraduate students’ motivation towards the use of electronic resources at Federal College of Education (Technical) Gombe, Nigeria

The purpose of this study is to examine undergraduate students’ motivation towards the use of electronic resources at Federal College of Education (Technical), Gombe. The objectives of the study include: to determine the extent of motivation towards the use of e-resources by undergraduate students, to explore the level perception of the undergraduate students to acquire skills to use e-resources and to examine various challenges faced by students in the use of e-resources. This study was guided by descriptive research design. The population of this study consisted of 3725 registered undergraduate students across various Schools. Simple random sampling in probability sampling techniques was used for this study and the sample size of the study was 346. The findings of the study revealed that respondents had motivation to use e-resources for research, intellectual collaboration, build networks among users and improve personal and intellectual thoughts. It was concluded that though not all the public higher institutions in Gombe State participated in this study, e-resources in the study area were found to be useful. Students’ motivation towards access to e-resources improves research and learning among the students. The study recommended that motivation of students towards the use of e-resources should be given priority if the college and other higher education intend to achieve its mandate of promoting research and learning among the students.