The plant Cinnamomum tamala (Buch.-Ham.) T. Nees & C.H. Ebern. (Family: Lauraceae) is commonly known as 'tejpaat' in India, has leaves and bark reported to possess anticancer, immunomodulatory, antidiabetic, and diuretic activities. The objective of the present study was to explore the antitumor potential of the chloroform extract of Cinnamomum tamala leaves (CTCE) in BALB/c mice against Ehrlich's Carcinoma (EC). Based on preliminary in-vitro cytotoxicity studies, CTCE was selected for an in-vivo antitumor study. Anticancer activity of CTCE was evaluated in BALB/c mice against EC at the doses of 50, 100, 250, and 500 mg/kg body weight. CTCE was administered for 15 consecutive days after induction of the tumor. After 24 hours from the last administered dose and 18 hours of fasting, half of the mice were sacrificed, while the other half was kept alive to evaluate any potential for increasing the lifespan. The antitumor effect of CTCE was assessed by evaluating tumor volume, hematological parameters, and the life span of the EC-bearing host. CTCE showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in tumor volume and increased the lifespan of EC tumor-bearing mice in a dose-dependent manner compared with the untreated group. The hematological profile, including RBC count, hemoglobin, WBC count, and DLC, was also improved upon treatment. C. tamala chloroform extract (CTCE) showed significant anticancer potential by reducing cell viability, inhibiting tumor growth, and prolonging survival without toxicity, suggesting it as a promising source of bioactive compounds for anticancer drug development. The results suggest that CTCE exhibits dose-dependent anticancer activity in comparison with EC control mice and demonstrates significant effects relative to doxorubicin. Its antitumor activity may be attributed to the presence of active constituents within the extract. This investigation also highlights recent advancements in intellectual property rights and patent strategies related to plant-derived anticancer agents.

Intellectual property (IP) data analytics for innovation, research and development, and strategic management – Adopting state-of-the-art artificial intelligent (AI) and machine learning (ML) approaches

Does intellectual property governance crowd out corporate social responsibility? Evidence from China’s demonstration enterprises

The Multi-Faceted Landscape of TEAD Inhibition: a 2017-2025 Patent and Literature Review.

Traditional medicinal knowledge is part of traditional knowledge and is also recognized as communal intellectual property, as stipulated in Article 18B paragraph (2) of the Indonesian Constitution concerning the traditional rights of communities, and Article 28I paragraph (3) of the Constitution regarding respect for cultural identity and the rights of traditional communities.This study aims to analyze the protection of traditional medicinal knowledge as communal intellectual property in Aceh and the role of women in managing traditional medicinal knowledge in Aceh. This research employs a qualitative method with an empirical legal approach, using both primary and secondary data. Primary data were collected through structured interviews with respondents and informants.The findings indicate that there is currently no protection for traditional medicinal knowledge as communal intellectual property (CIP) in Aceh, as it has not yet been documented or recorded. The Acehnese community preserves traditional medicinal knowledge orally, passing it down to the next generation within their families particularly among women who manage herbal recipes making this knowledge highly vulnerable to loss and difficult to protect from biopiracy. Women hold a strategic role as managers, inheritors, and innovators in the development of traditional medicinal knowledge, whether through family healing practices, customary rituals, or community-based treatments.

Purpose The study analyses the dynamics of collaboration between research infrastructures (RIs) and industry through the lens of Open Innovation in Science. It aims to identify collaboration typologies, barriers and enablers, as well as the knowledge and technology transfer mechanisms that contribute to innovation outcomes. Design/methodology/approach The study adopts a two-stage qualitative research design. First, a scoping literature review was conducted to map the existing body of knowledge on RI–industry collaboration. Second, a qualitative case study was carried out to explore the dynamics of collaboration within ACTRIS, a pan-European RI in the environmental domain. The analysis drew on extensive secondary data, including EU project deliverables, policy documents and strategic reports. Findings Multiple collaboration models emerge across the RI lifecycle, supporting both scientific advancement and innovation. The findings highlight the centrality of open and FAIR data, standardized methodologies, access to state-of-the-art instrumentation as key enablers of collaboration. Intellectual property management and limited SME access underscore the need for more flexible and adaptive governance frameworks. Research limitations/implications The focus on a single case study and the reliance on secondary data limit the generalizability of the findings. Longitudinal and multi-case approaches based on primary data would provide a more comprehensive understanding of RI–industry collaboration across different stages of the research and innovation process. Practical implications Flexible governance frameworks are crucial for addressing the diverse needs of industrial partners. Strengthening user support systems, enhancing visibility through innovation portfolios, and supporting the intermediary role of research performing organizations can reduce access barriers – particularly for SMEs – and foster regional innovation ecosystems. Social implications This study highlights how RIs in the environmental domani play a pivotal role in tackling pressing societal challenges, including climate change and air quality. By fostering collaboration with industry and providing open access to high-quality data and advanced facilities, RIs support technological innovation and contribute to broader societal well-being. Originality/value This study provides a new analytical approach for examining cross-sector innovation. It sheds light on collaboration models, governance challenges, and innovation outcomes, advancing current understanding of how RIs function as open, mission-oriented innovation platforms.

ABSTRACT Data factor inputs have emerged as a strategic driver of green technology innovation (GTI), yet the interaction between data openness and institutional safeguards remains underexplored. Using data from 2013 to 2021, this study employs fixed-effect regressions, threshold panel models, and System Dynamics (SD) simulation to examine the mechanisms through which data inputs promote GTI and the moderating role of intellectual Property Protection (IPP). The results show that data inputs enhance GTI by improving resource allocation and reducing information asymmetry, while robust IPP amplifies this effect by providing legal appropriability. A non-linear threshold is observed: firms with higher market valuation are more responsive to these drivers. Simulation results further identify an ‘information overload’ effect in digitally saturated regions, indicating that growth is constrained without institutional optimisation. By specifying the micro-foundations of data as a strategic production factor and resolving the tension between data flow and protection, this study provides empirical insights for policymakers to balance data marketisation with targeted IP regimes.

ABSTRACT This study investigates the Research Data Management (RDM) skillsets and competencies of library professionals within North Indian university libraries. Employing a survey method, data was collected from professionals, resulting in an 84% response rate. The data, analyzed using SPSS. The study reveals that a significant number of library professionals require further development in several key areas. These include awareness of new government initiatives (e.g. Shodh Chakra), proficiency in metadata creation (e.g. using Dublin Core standards), and advanced technical ICT skills (e.g. data storage infrastructure and architecture). Additionally, there is a need for enhanced subject-specific knowledge, familiarity with various research methods (e.g. data analysis and visualization), and competencies in data description, documentation, and curation. The study also highlights the importance of skills related to developing Data Management Plans (DMPs), staying current with RDM trends through refresher courses, utilizing originality checking tools, and understanding legal, policy, and advisory aspects (e.g. intellectual property, ethics, and licensing). This research underscores the critical need for ongoing professional development to equip library professionals with the necessary competencies to effectively support RDM practices in academic environments.

The Black Soldier Fly (BSF) (Hermetia illucens) is globally acknowledged for its potential to transform organic waste into high-value products. The article has identified and evaluated the valuable produce from various stages of BSF, and comprehended the methods for valuable extractions. The innovative potential of BSF valuables is derived using Patentscope - a patent database from World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), Geneva. A total of 591 patent records were derived, and recent patents in year 2025 were summarized along with their key features. Following that, this narrative review has given special attention towards 169 targets of UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) attainment. On closure observation of all the reviewed literature, it is apparent that various researchers had aligned BSF valuables to a selected few SDGs only. Based on that, the present article focused on to BSF valuables mapping with 169 targets of all 17 SDGs. Each target in SDGs is quantified on a scale of 1 to 10 where, scale 1 is the lowest and 10 is the highest, while 0 is given where no connection is possible. BSF-based value chains show the highest contribution potential to SDG 12, 2, 9, 1 and 13 under the proposed scoring framework. This article derived the BSF success stories from fifteen nations. At the last, this article comprehended the policy intervention based on success stories and constrains to achieve targets of sustainable global goals. In a nutshell, this article worked out the innovations in BSF, and mapped successfully BSF valuable with 169 targets of 17 SDGs.

Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), formerly nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is the most common long-term liver disease. It affects 25% of adults and is a major cause of liver disease worldwide. Its rise is linked to rising obesity, especially in Western nations. Unfortunately, no MAFLD medication works. Patents and intellectual property are essential to developing effective cures and protecting new ideas. Long-term aerobic activity can raise hepatic triglycerides and lower visceral fat without weight loss. Due to its complexity, MAFLD is difficult to diagnose and treat. There are no inexpensive, reliable imaging diagnostics or non-invasive biomarkers. Too many liver lipids can cause lipotoxicity. This can cause NASH, liver fibrosis, and hepatocellular cancer. More serious MAFLD and NASH accelerate necroinflammation and fibrosis. This shows how important good signals are for diagnosing and treating your ailment. Invasive liver biopsies aren't helpful since people don't handle them well. We need reliable non-invasive assays to detect MAFLD early, improve clinical trials, and confirm therapy. Irisin, a hormone that boosts energy expenditure and mimics brown fat, is elevated in physically active people. Patenting discoveries about it could speed up research and the development of tailored treatments. Patenting innovative biomarker research concepts and intellectual property is essential to combating MAFLD. This will also enable novel illness diagnosis and treatment methods. Our approach must involve new MAFLD diagnosis and treatment methods and patent issues to address all its effects.

This article traces the history of microbial culture collections to explore the evolution of microbial biodiversity conservation and biotechnological valorization between 1972 and 2022. It shows how a progressive assetization of microbial value led to an enclosure of the global microbial commons. Culture collections were enablers and victims of this change. Analyzing collections across Europe, the Americas, and Asia as well as the World Federation of Culture Collections (WFCC), the article reconstructs how culture collections functioned as a key infrastructure for the globalized take-off of the biotechnology industry. Biotechnological investment in microbial exploitation created important revenue streams amidst public funding cuts and collections' declining role as research hubs. However, pressure to control and generate income from microbial assets also shifted moral economies governing microbial exchange and led to commercial rivalry between collections. While biodiversity concerns prompted a reconceptualization of collections as microbial arks, the 1993 Convention on Biological Diversity's recognition of national sovereignty over bioresources further complicated microbial conservation. Actors such as the WFCC and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) tried to reconcile access and benefit sharing (ABS) obligations and intellectual property (IP) via guidelines, networking, and accreditation. However, entrenched asymmetries in the global distribution of ex situ conservation infrastructures and microbial value generation remained unaddressed despite passage of the 2010 Nagoya protocol on ABS. Meanwhile, advances in sequencing and synthetic biology not only highlighted biases in existing collections, but also pointed to an era in which in silico approaches to biodiversity might supersede existing in vitro museums.

The pharmaceutical sector is at the forefront of worldwide healthcare innovations due to its persistent drive to enhance patient outcomes. Breakthrough technologies such as gene editing, personalized medicine, artificial intelligence (AI), and digital health tools are dramatically reshaping the industry. This research study highlights the critical role that investment strategies and regulatory frameworks play in shaping pharmaceutical innovation and its broader impact on healthcare systems. It aims to demonstrate how balanced regulation and strategic funding can enhance innovation while maintaining safety, accessibility, and ethical standards. The study investigates how pricing controls, drug approval processes, and intellectual property protections influence innovation. It also analyzes the roles of government funding, venture capital, and public-private collaborations in accelerating R&D and drug delivery. Key case studies and recent industry trends are reviewed to explore these relationships. The study findings show that adaptive regulations and targeted financial investments significantly accelerate innovation and market access. Case analyses reveal faster development of mRNA vaccines, AI-driven drug discovery, and CRISPR-based therapies under flexible policy environments. However, unequal investment and regulatory disparities continue to limit global equitable access to emerging technologies. Regulatory compliance is essential to ensure drug safety and accessibility, but overly stringent policies can obstruct research and delay the availability of new treatments. Investment from both public and private sectors is a key driver of pharmaceutical advancement. The interplay between regulation and funding ultimately determines the speed at which innovations reach patients and the healthcare system's capacity to adapt. A harmonized approach to regulatory policy and financial investment is vital for fostering pharmaceutical innovation and transforming global healthcare. This paper underscores the importance of regulatory reform and innovative investment models in promoting equitable access to next-generation treatments and supporting the sustainable evolution of healthcare worldwide.

Unraveling approaches for cannabidiol delivery nanosystems: A patent review.

A simultaneous dual watermarking scheme for deep learning models.

Indigenous knowledge systems (IKS) were a treasure in liberating Africa from colonial bondage. The use of IKS was the key strategy used by freedom fighters. IKS are forms of knowledge that have originated locally and naturally. African IKS is the theoretical framework anchoring this study. The objective of the study was to explore the effective contributions and understanding of IKS during the liberation struggle and how to conserve it for future benefits. A phenomenological research design was used. The participants included surviving freedom fighters, young females (chimbwido), young males (mujibha), and community leadership. Thematic content-narrative analysis was used to analyse the data. The study found spiritual protection, the role of African spiritual healers, shelter for the liberation fighters, food, African Indigenous therapies and medicines, and phenology (behaviour) of fauna and flora subscribed to IKS during the war of liberation struggle. The study found that the memories and experiences of freedom fighters helped in whetting an appetite for IKS to ameliorate contemporary challenges of countries in southern Africa. This study recommends incorporating IKS into the education curriculum as a compulsory subject from primary to tertiary level and in industry. The legacy of IKS was identified as the intellectual property of the liberation struggle which needs to be preserved and respected.

ABSTRACT The literature shows that cooperation with competitors (i.e. coopetition) is important for firms’ innovation output. However, it remains unclear whether and to what extent coopetition influences firms’ investments in research and development (R&D). We examine the effect of coopetition on firms’ R&D investments, focusing specifically on the tension between knowledge acquisition and misappropriation in coopetition. Drawing on transaction costs theory and a longitudinal dataset of Chinese pharmaceutical firms over a ten-year period (2013–2022), we find a U-shaped relationship between coopetition and firms’ R&D investments. Furthermore, the results indicate that the U-shape is significantly steepened by regional intellectual property rights protection but flattened by economic policy uncertainty. Our findings contribute to understanding the effect of coopetition on firms’ R&D decisions and demonstrate that the effect can be leveraged by considering the subnational intellectual property rights protection and macroeconomic policies.

Interventions to improve Cultural Safety in healthcare in CANZUS countries: a systematic mixed studies review of First Nations Peoples' experiences.

ABSTRACT In the digital economy, intellectual property (IP) has become a strategic asset for technological catch-up, yet how latecomer firms leverage IP strategy to orchestrate resources for competitive advantage remains underexplored. This study adopts resource orchestration as an analytical lens. Using a longitudinal single-case study of Huawei’s 37-year evolution, drawing on multi-source data triangulation, we investigate the evolutionary trajectory of IP strategy. The research reveals that IP strategy transcends four phases: Initiation, strategic investment and accumulation, openness and coopetition, and comprehensive empowerment. We identify three critical resource orchestration actions: structuring, bundling, and leveraging IP resources. These actions act as the core mediating mechanism between IP strategy and competitive advantage, enabling full-cycle value transformation from passive defense to ecosystem empowerment. By 2024, Huawei generated US$630 million from licensing its patents to over 2.7 billion 5G devices. This paper constructs an integrated evolutionary model of IP strategy and offers a four-phase strategic roadmap for latecomer firms in emerging markets.

Intellectual property rights (IPR) are an important legal tool for trademark ownership, protecting business quality, and protecting a company's economic interests. Consumers build trust in trademarks because they signal distinct product quality and reflect a positive and consistent corporate image. Trademark protection is regulated by national law under Trademark Law No. 20 of 2016, which provides legal certainty for trademark owners. This law stipulates that a trademark is only valid if it has distinctive elements, is not imitative, and has been officially registered with an authorized institution. The "first come, first served" principle in Indonesian trademark law can be interpreted as a mechanism that grants rights to the first party to file a valid application. However, the application of this principle in practice often raises complex legal issues, particularly when a trademark has already gained widespread public recognition prior to its formal registration. This study focuses on evaluating this legal protection through a normative legal research method by examining applicable laws, regulations, and court decisions related to trademark disputes in Indonesia. The Geprek Bensu dispute has attracted public attention because it highlights the conflict between legal provisions regarding trademark ownership and public perception. This case demonstrates that the existing legal framework still requires further refinement to balance the interests of trademark registrants with those of parties who have built public reputation through prior commercial use. Therefore, legal reform and consistent law enforcement are essential to ensure fair and comprehensive trademark protection in Indonesia.

Protecting Intellectual Property in the Age of AI