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  • Comparative Physiology
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Articles published on Integrative physiology

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  • New
  • Research Article
  • 10.3390/phycology6020045
Impact of Transportation Duration on the Growth, Pathological Stress, and Dry Biomass Yield of Kappaphycus striatus Propagules
  • Apr 22, 2026
  • Phycology
  • Albaris B Tahiluddin + 3 more

Seaweed cultivation is a primary economic driver in Tawi-Tawi, Philippines, yet the industry faces significant challenges regarding the physiological integrity of propagules during inter-island transit. This study evaluated the effects of varying transportation durations (0, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h) on the specific growth rate (SGR), occurrence of ice-ice disease, and dry biomass yield of Kappaphycus striatus over a 30-day cultivation period using a modified fixed-off-bottom method. The results demonstrated that transportation duration significantly influenced SGR at Day 10 and Day 30 (p < 0.05), whereas no significant differences were observed at Day 20. The control group (0 h transport) exhibited the highest growth performance (4.61 ± 0.18% day−1 at Day 10), whereas the lowest growth was recorded in the 48 h treatment group at Day 30 (0.93 ± 0.49% day−1). Pathological assessment indicated that ice-ice disease occurrence was highly significant during the initial recovery phase (Days 1–7) and at Day 20 (p < 0.05). Specifically, propagules subjected to 48 h transport reached 100% disease incidence within the first four days post-transplant, while the 36 h group reached 96.67%, highlighting acute transport-induced stress. Although the 48 h group exhibited significantly higher initial ice-ice spot counts (p < 0.05), statistical differences diminished between Day 10 and Day 30, suggesting a degree of physiological resilience and recovery capacity. Ultimately, prolonged transportation exceeding 24 h induced severe dehydration stress, resulting in a 62.7% reduction in SGR by Day 30 compared to the control. These findings suggest that seedling transport should be optimized within a 24 h window to preserve thallus vigor and maximize sustainable yields. Future research should investigate post-transport recovery protocols to mitigate the effects of unavoidable shipping delays.

  • New
  • Research Article
  • 10.1177/10597123261441534
From Insentient Allostasis to Adaptive Bodily Selfhood: Conscious vs Unconscious Instrumental Interoceptive Inference
  • Apr 18, 2026
  • Adaptive Behavior
  • Ignacio Cea

The pre-reflective experience of being a body is a fundamental component of consciousness and selfhood. A leading account from the perspective of active inference is Seth and Tsakiris’ (2018, see also Seth, 2021, 2024) proposal that this experience arises from instrumental interoceptive inference (III), namely the nervous system’s interoceptive predictions about the sensory consequences of autonomic adjustments that continuously sustain physiological integrity. However, this approach does not distinguish between the anticipatory autonomic regulation that keeps us alive even during unconscious states (e.g., dreamless sleep) and the interoceptive predictions that ground the conscious feeling of being a body that arguably allows a distinctly conscious form of adaptive behavior. We therefore suggest two types of III: conscious and unconscious instrumental interoceptive inference (C-III and U-III). After rejecting two potential ways to resist this distinction, and building on recent literature on active inference and consciousness, we propose that C-III can be distinguished from U-III neurocomputationally: C-III might additionally involve in-context, real-time modulation of the precision weighting of interoceptive prediction errors, coupled with temporally and counterfactually deep self-models enabling basic future-oriented adaptive behaviors. We conclude that differentiating C-III from U-III clarifies the border between felt bodily selfhood and insentient allostasis, and provides a tractable framework for future neurobiological and computational investigations on the dividing line between adaptive, minimal forms of self-consciousness, and behaviorally rigid self-regulatory unconscious states.

  • New
  • Research Article
  • 10.1093/aob/mcag099
Biological scarification of Erythrina crista-galli: germination responses, performance costs, and implications for riparian forest restoration.
  • Apr 17, 2026
  • Annals of botany
  • Ana Paula Roschildt + 7 more

Biological scarification of Erythrina crista-galli: germination responses, performance costs, and implications for riparian forest restoration.

  • Research Article
  • 10.1007/s10439-026-04095-9
Infant Breathing and Bedding Characteristics: Objective Tests for Evaluating Their Relationship.
  • Apr 9, 2026
  • Annals of biomedical engineering
  • Chiara Veneroni + 5 more

Bedding characteristics have been associated with an increased risk of respiratory impairment and sudden infant death. However, the relevant bedding properties and the mechanisms influencing newborn respiration remain poorly understood. Existing evidence is fragmented across epidemiological, clinical, forensic, and regulatory studies, with limited integration of respiratory physiology and engineering-based measurement frameworks. Consequently, current safety guidelines rely largely on qualitative criteria and simplified mechanical tests that may not adequately capture physiologically relevant risks. This review examines the available literature investigating potential mechanisms through which bedding characteristics may influence infant breathing, identifies possible relevant bedding properties, and critically evaluates the testing methods proposed to assess these properties. By synthesizing evidence across disciplines, we highlight key knowledge gaps and misalignments between current testing approaches and the underlying biomechanical and physiological determinants of respiratory compromise. Carefully designed future in-vivo and in-vitro studies are needed to elucidate mechanisms and more precisely identify hazardous bedding characteristics. In particular, stronger interdisciplinary integration and the development of advanced biomechanical in-vitro models that more accurately reproduce infant respiratory function are essential. This integrative framework aims to support evidence-based bedding design and inform future regulatory standards to enhance infant safety.

  • Research Article
  • 10.1111/mve.70068
Insecticidal and immunotoxic actions of 2-octenoic acid in the green bottle fly Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae).
  • Apr 6, 2026
  • Medical and veterinary entomology
  • Agata Kaczmarek + 1 more

The blow fly Lucilia sericata is a medically and veterinary important species whose control increasingly requires environmentally safe alternatives to synthetic insecticides. This study evaluated the effects of 2-octenoic acid (C8:1), a medium-chain unsaturated fatty acid, on the survival, development and physiological integrity of L. sericata larvae and adults. Topical application of C8:1 caused significant mortality and developmental delays in a dose-dependent manner, with LD50 and LD100 values indicating greater susceptibility in larvae than in adults. Cuticular lipid profiling revealed profound alterations in free fatty acid (FFA) and sterol composition following treatment. Larvae exhibited progressive accumulation of medium- and long-chain FFAs (notably C16:0, C18:0 and C14:1) and depletion of cholesterol, suggesting weakened barrier integrity. In adults, sublethal exposure (LD50) resulted in marked lipid enrichment and incorporation of exogenous C8:1, followed by almost complete depletion of FFAs and cholesterol at lethal doses (LD100), reflecting metabolic collapse. Ethanol (solvent) treatment had minor effects compared with the strong lipid disruptions caused by C8:1. Haemocyte analyses demonstrated dose-dependent immunotoxicity, including granulocyte depletion, cytoplasmic shrinkage and increased proportions of plasmatocytes and oenocytoids, indicating impaired phagocytic and encapsulation responses. These combined effects-cuticular lipid disorganization, cholesterol depletion and haemocyte damage-suggest that 2-octenoic acid compromises both physical and immune defenses. The findings identify 2-octenoic acid as a promising bio-based insecticidal compound with multiple, non-neurotoxic modes of action, offering potential for integrated management of blow fly infestations while reducing risks associated with conventional insecticides.

  • Research Article
  • 10.1016/j.mtbio.2026.102940
Multifunctional implantable hydrogels: Smart platforms at the forefront of biomedical innovation.
  • Apr 1, 2026
  • Materials today. Bio
  • Bruna E Nagay + 8 more

Multifunctional implantable hydrogels: Smart platforms at the forefront of biomedical innovation.

  • Research Article
  • 10.1016/j.dwt.2026.101720
Beyond metal removal: Microbial strategies for copper and zinc detoxification and implications for aquatic fish health
  • Apr 1, 2026
  • Desalination and Water Treatment
  • Dwinna Aliza + 5 more

Beyond metal removal: Microbial strategies for copper and zinc detoxification and implications for aquatic fish health

  • Research Article
  • 10.3389/fphys.2026.1795656
The fascial-interstitial system and the sanjiao-mocou system: an analogy-based hypothesis for the anatomical basis of meridian pathways.
  • Mar 27, 2026
  • Frontiers in physiology
  • Yu Xia + 5 more

The anatomical basis of meridian pathways remains a central challenge in modernizing Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Concurrently, modern science has redefined the integrated fascial-interstitial system as a pervasive, fluid-filled cavitary organ system involved in signaling and transport. This parallel invites novel theoretical integration. This review proposes a translational hypothesis positing that the classical TCM concept of the "Sanjiao-Mocou" system is analogous to the modern fascial-interstitial system, together constituting the anatomical and functional substrate of meridians. We conducted a systematic comparative analysis of classical TCM texts describing the Sanjiao (Triple Energizer) and Mocou (interstitial spaces) and contemporary literature on the structure and function of the fascial-interstitial system. This theoretical integration focuses on their shared attributes: being ubiquitous, fluid-transporting, cavity-containing connective tissue systems that facilitate systemic communication and homeostasis. The hypothesis elucidates how the Sanjiao-Mocou system, long understood as the "passageway for Yuan-Primordial Qi and body fluids," aligns closely with the fascial-interstitial system's role in interstitial fluid transport, mechanotransduction, and immune surveillance. This analogy provides a coherent, testable model where meridians may be conceptualized as specialized functional channels within this pervasive cavitary organ. The proposed analogy bridges a foundational TCM theory with contemporary biomedical science. It offers a potential anatomical framework for understanding meridians and opens new avenues for interdisciplinary research in biomechanics, fluid dynamics, and integrative physiology, potentially advancing the understanding of both TCM and fascial science.

  • Research Article
  • 10.3389/fphys.2026.1801306
Myofascial release and fascial-targeted mechanical interventions in musculoskeletal rehabilitation: mechanisms, modalities, and integrative physiology.
  • Mar 27, 2026
  • Frontiers in physiology
  • Yuqing Gao + 1 more

Fascia is a continuous connective tissue network that surrounds and integrates muscles, bones, nerves, and organs, contributing to force transmission, postural organization, movement coordination, and sensory processing within the musculoskeletal system. Any alterations in fascial properties, including increased stiffness, adhesions, and densification, have been associated with pain, restricted mobility, and functional impairment in musculoskeletal conditions. These associations have supported the growing use of myofascial release interventions within rehabilitation practice. Mechanical loading of fascial tissues through pressure, shear, vibration, or acoustic stimulation may influence tissue mechanics and sensory signaling. Across manual, instrument-assisted, and device-based modalities, myofascial release interventions apply these mechanical stimuli through different modes while sharing overlapping physiological targets. Proposed mechanisms include modulation of tissue mechanics, sensory receptor stimulation, and neurophysiological effects on muscle tone and pain perception. Evidence reported in the literature indicates that myofascial release interventions are frequently associated with short-term improvements in pain and joint range of motion. In contrast, findings related to long-term functional outcomes and direct, modality-specific structural adaptation of fascial tissues remain inconsistent. Interpretation of available data is further constrained by heterogeneity in intervention protocols, operator dependence, variable outcome measures, and limited use of objective methods capable of quantifying fascial mechanical properties in vivo. Within an integrative physiological framework, myofascial release interventions are most consistently supported as adjunctive components of musculoskeletal rehabilitation rather than stand-alone treatments. Their clinical value appears greatest when used to facilitate movement, reduce symptom burden, and enhance engagement with active rehabilitation strategies such as exercise and movement re-education. Continued advancement in this field will depend on standardized reporting, improved methodological rigor, longer-term follow-up, and the incorporation of objective assessments to clarify mechanisms and guide evidence-based integration.

  • Research Article
  • 10.1136/heartjnl-2025-327739
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing in contemporary cardiology: physiological insights, novel applications and evolving algorithms.
  • Mar 23, 2026
  • Heart (British Cardiac Society)
  • Marco Guazzi

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) allows for the study of the pathophysiology of exercise intolerance through assessment of exercise integrative physiology of the pulmonary, cardiovascular, muscular and cellular oxidative systems. Over the years, key gas exchange variables have shown a role in the interpretative translation of physiology to clinical decision making. CPET is a standard when approaching all forms of exercise intolerance, with a predominant evidence for heart failure and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. As impaired cardiac output and peripheral oxygen diffusion are the main determinants of the abnormal functional response in patients with cardiac issues, invasive CPET (iCPET) has been gaining popularity, especially in confirming the diagnosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and exercise-induced pulmonary hypertension. Impactful advancements come from the application of CPET combined with echocardiography, or CPET imaging, which shows less accuracy in the left and right haemodynamic assessment compared with iCPET but adds information on atrial and biventricular cardiac valve functional perturbations. While gas exchange classifications and scores are predominant for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, algorithms are growing on refining exercise unexplained dyspnoea categorisation in HFpEF. The implementation of wearable systems and artificial intelligence to estimate peak oxygen consumption is part of the novel applications. This review focuses on CPET use and perspectives focusing on the most modern advancements in cardiology.

  • Research Article
  • 10.3390/biom16030444
Effects and Adaptive Responses of Sulfate-Reducing Biochemical System to Acid Stress.
  • Mar 16, 2026
  • Biomolecules
  • Yanmei Zhang + 5 more

A decrease in pH can affect the biochemical properties of a sulfate reduction system, but the stress responses to such pH fluctuations and acid-adaptive mechanisms of the microorganisms remain incompletely understood. Here, we compared the sulfate (SO42-) reduction performance of a sulfate-reducing consortium (SRB system) and a pure Desulfovibrio sp. system (Des. system, control) under pH 7.0, 5.5, and 5.0 via batch experiments. A key novelty is the integration of microbial physiology and metagenomics to reveal adaptive mechanisms: the Des. system showed significant inhibition of growth and sulfate reduction with decreasing pH, while the SRB system maintained superior SO42- removal efficiency through three synergistic adjustments: (1) physiological regulation (enhanced H+-ATPase activity, stress protein production, and cell membrane cyclopropane fatty acid content); (2) microbial community restructuring (enrichment of acid-resistant Bacillus and Clostridium); and (3) functional gene upregulation (sulfate import, dissimilar sulfate reduction, sulfide oxidation, and SOx system-related genes, p < 0.05). This study links physiological responses to metagenomic functional shifts under acid stress, providing critical theoretical support for applying sulfate-reducing consortia in acidic sulfate-containing wastewater remediation.

  • Research Article
  • 10.3390/nu18060927
Adipose Tissue Aging and Natural Interventions: Potential Roles of Polyphenols and Polysaccharides.
  • Mar 15, 2026
  • Nutrients
  • Zhao-Jie Chen + 4 more

Adipose tissue serves as a critical metabolic and endocrine organ, essential for maintaining systemic energy homeostasis and inter-organ communication. During the aging process, it undergoes significant structural remodeling and functional decline, characterized by dysregulated lipid metabolism, chronic low-grade inflammation, reduced insulin sensitivity, and adipokine imbalance. These alterations not only compromise the physiological integrity of adipose tissue but also contribute to the progression of various age-associated metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. In recent years, natural products have emerged as a focal point in anti-aging research, owing to their broad accessibility, high biological safety, and capacity for multi-target regulation. Polyphenolic and polysaccharide, in particular, have demonstrated robust antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, autophagy-modulating, and mitochondrial-protective effects in cellular and animal models, indicating their promise in attenuating adipose tissue aging. Although the anti-aging effects of these natural compounds are well documented in the neural, hepatic, and cardiovascular systems, their specific mechanisms in adipose depots-especially differential regulatory patterns between white and brown adipose tissues, which may inform depot-specific therapies-and the development of targeted delivery approaches remain inadequately explored. This review, grounded in the three primary hallmarks of adipose tissue aging (oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and dysregulated lipid metabolism), systematically elucidates the molecular mechanisms and recent advancements in the application of polyphenols and polysaccharides as natural modulators. This review establishes a cohesive theoretical foundation and delivers innovative perspectives to guide the advancement of natural product-based nutritional and therapeutic strategies for combating adipose tissue aging.

  • Research Article
  • 10.14202/vetworld.2026.964-977
Growth performance and physiometabolic safety of probiotic–Curcuma herbal supplementation in local female lambs of Indonesia
  • Mar 12, 2026
  • Veterinary World
  • Yanuartono Yanuartono + 6 more

Background and Aim: The escalating demand for animal protein in Indonesia underscores the imperative for efficacious nutritional strategies to augment lamb productivity while safeguarding physiological integrity. Prior investigations have predominantly examined probiotics or herbal additives in isolation, yielding fragmented insights into their combined efficacy. This study endeavored to assess the integrated impacts of probiotic–herbal supplementation on growth performance, hematological indices, and serum biochemical profiles in local Indonesian lambs maintained on a concentrate-based ration, thereby furnishing comprehensive evidence on growth dynamics and physiometabolic safety. Materials and Methods: Twelve female local lambs, aged approximately 6-7 months with an initial body weight (BW) of 20.33 ± 2.24 kg, were allocated into two cohorts: a control group receiving solely the basal diet and a treatment group administered the basal diet supplemented with a probiotic–herbal formulation. The supplement comprised Lactobacillus sp. (1.00 × 10⁷ CFU/mL), Aspergillus sp. (1.00 × 10⁵ CFU/mL), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (5.25 × 10⁷ CFU/mL), and Azotobacter sp. (8.20 × 10⁶ CFU/mL), amalgamated with Curcuma longa and Curcuma xanthorrhiza (Herbal Farm, Sido Muncul, Semarang, Indonesia). The formulation was dispensed daily at 10 mL/L in drinking water over a 4-week duration following a 1-week acclimatization phase. BWs were quantified weekly utilizing a YDTech TCS-300 digital balance (Hangzhou Sifang Electronic Scales Co., Hangzhou, China). Blood specimens were procured post-treatment via jugular venipuncture into ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-anticoagulated tubes for hematological evaluation using a Sysmex automated analyzer (Sysmex Corporation, Hyogo, Japan), encompassing red blood cell count, hemoglobin, and packed cell volume (PCV). Serum aliquots were analyzed for lipid profiles (total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein [HDL], low-density lipoprotein [LDL]), hepatic enzymes (alanine aminotransferase [ALT], aspartate aminotransferase [AST], alkaline phosphatase [ALP], gamma-glutamyl transferase), and protein fractions (total protein, albumin [ALB], globulin [GLOB], ALB:GLOB ratio) employing Biocheck kits (Biocheck, Reeuwijk, Netherlands). Clinical metrics, including body temperature, pulse rate, respiratory rate, and rumen motility, were monitored weekly. Data underwent Shapiro-Wilk normality assessment followed by Student's t-test for intergroup comparisons (p &lt; 0.05) via JMP software version 18 (SAS Institute Inc., North Carolina, USA). Ethical oversight was provided by the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada (approval 111/EC-FKH/Int./2025). Results: Clinical parameters in both cohorts resided within physiological norms, with the treatment group manifesting enhanced stability in body temperature, pulse rate, respiratory rate, and rumen motility relative to controls. Supplementation elicited a significant elevation in weekly weight gain (1.13 ± 0.63 kg versus 0.67 ± 0.31 kg; p = 0.00177), albeit final BWs were comparable (21.99 ± 2.59 kg versus 21.39 ± 2.99 kg; p &gt; 0.05). Hematological indices (red blood cell: 8.86 ± 1.65 × 10¹²/L versus 9.90 ± 2.09 × 10¹²/L; hemoglobin: 9.07 ± 1.04 g/dL versus 9.94 ± 1.78 g/dL; PCV: 28.67 ± 4.88% versus 26.44 ± 5.84%) remained unaltered and normative. Lipid analyses disclosed diminished triglycerides (42.50 ± 33.61 mg/dL versus 65.67 ± 56.53 mg/dL; p = 0.049) and LDL (14.67 ± 6.41 mg/dL versus 23.71 ± 14.08 mg/dL; p = 0.037) in treated lambs, with total cholesterol and HDL unaffected. Hepatic enzymes and protein profiles exhibited no intergroup disparities, though ALP and AST surpassed conventional ranges in both, indicative of physiological adaptation rather than pathology. Conclusion: Probiotic–herbal supplementation incorporating C. longa and C. xanthorrhiza augments growth performance and ameliorates lipid metabolism in local lambs sans deleterious impacts on clinical, hematological, or hepatic profiles. These outcomes advocate its utility as a sustainable, antibiotic-alternative strategy for enhancing ruminant productivity and metabolic resilience in tropical contexts. Keywords: Curcuma longa, growth performance, herbal supplementation, lamb, physiometabolic safety, probiotic supplementation, ruminant nutrition, weight gain.

  • Research Article
  • 10.21790/rvs.2025.033
Cardiogenic vertigo: a comprehensive review
  • Mar 9, 2026
  • Research in Vestibular Science
  • Kwang-Dong Choi

Cardiogenic vertigo (CV) is an episodic form of true vertigo arising from primary cardiac dysfunction, most commonly due to arrhythmias, structural heart disease, or other hemodynamic disturbances that result in transient cerebral hypoperfusion. Although spinning vertigo is typically regarded as a hallmark of vestibular disorders, emerging evidence indicates that similar symptoms can originate from cardiovascular abnormalities that intermittently disrupt cerebral perfusion of the inner ear, vestibular nuclei, or cerebellum. Prompt recognition of CV is crucial, as delayed identification may lead to serious consequences, including embolic stroke, syncope-related trauma, or sudden cardiac death. Understanding CV requires the integration of cardiovascular physiology with vestibular neuroanatomy, clarifying how transient reductions in cardiac output or rhythm disturbances provoke vertiginous sensations. Differential diagnosis from central and peripheral vestibular disorders, as well as psychogenic dizziness, necessitates careful evaluation through echocardiography, extended cardiac monitoring, and vestibular testing. An evidence-based diagnostic approach that combines cardiological and neuro-otological perspectives can improve diagnostic precision and treatment outcomes. Incorporating recently proposed diagnostic criteria may further enhance the accurate recognition of CV and reduce the risk of potentially life-threatening complications.

  • Research Article
  • 10.3390/s26051684
Real-Time WBAN Monitoring: An Adaptive Framework for Selective Signal Restoration and Physiological Trend Prediction.
  • Mar 6, 2026
  • Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
  • Fatimah Alghamdi + 1 more

Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) enable real-time health monitoring essential for timely clinical intervention, yet their performance is frequently hindered by sensor degradation, noise interference, and strict low-latency constraints in resource-limited environments. Conventional preprocessing approaches indiscriminately reprocess all incoming data, including uncorrupted samples, thereby increasing computational overhead, introducing latency, and potentially distorting valid physiological trends. This study introduces a unified real-time monitoring framework tailored for WBAN systems. The key contributions include: (1) an adaptively gated multi-stage preprocessing pipeline that selectively restores corrupted samples while preserving clean data, (2) an overlap-aware sliding-window mechanism enabling low-latency operation, and (3) a clinically informed risk assessment strategy for early-warning support. By avoiding unnecessary modification of intact signals, the framework maintains physiological integrity while substantially improving reconstruction and predictive reliability. Across multiple vital signs, the proposed approach achieves substantial reconstruction gains, with Mean Squared Error (MSE) reductions ranging from 53% to 67% under strong degradation conditions. An adaptive ARIMA-based forecasting layer captures short-term physiological dynamics with directional accuracies of approximately 65-70% for one-step (10 s) ahead prediction. Early-warning behavior is intentionally conservative, prioritizing false alarm suppression over aggressive alerting. Per-signal evaluation reveals high sensitivity for blood pressure signals, whereas glucose and certain high-variability modalities exhibit conservative sensitivity under modality-specific thresholds. Importantly, the aggregated multi-modal risk decision achieves strong overall system-level performance, with sensitivity and specificity of 0.89 and 0.92, respectively. Overall, the proposed framework establishes a robust, low-latency, and computationally efficient foundation for dependable physiological monitoring in WBAN environments, leveraging selective processing to optimize both resource utilization and clinical reliability.

  • Research Article
  • 10.3390/ijms27052386
Age-Associated Metabolomic Changes in Human Spermatozoa.
  • Mar 4, 2026
  • International journal of molecular sciences
  • Mohd Amin Beg + 11 more

The functional genomic mechanisms contributing to aging-associated decline in fertility in men remain insufficiently elucidated. This study investigated age-related alterations in the sperm metabolome of healthy fertile Arab men across three groups: young adult (21-30 years, n = 6), late adult (31-40 years, n = 7), and advanced age (41-51 years, n = 5). Metabolomics was performed using LC-MS/MS. Statistical/functional analyses were performed using MetaboAnalyst-Pro. A total of 380 metabolites were identified, of which 164 showed significant differences (p < 0.05) across age groups. Principal component analysis, partial least squares-discriminate (PLS-DA), and sparse PLS-DA consistently demonstrated distinct metabolomic clustering between young adult and advanced age groups. Notably, in the advanced-age spermatozoa, L-homocysteine was undetectable, while methyloctadecanoyl-CoA was uniquely abundant. Biomarker analysis identified 137 potential aging-sperm biomarkers (AUC = 1), including upregulated (e.g., pentadecanoyl-CoA, (3S)-3-hydroxylinoleoyl-CoA, CDP-DG(LTE4/20:4(8Z11Z14Z17Z)), uracil) and downregulated (e.g., (S)-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA, DG(22:6/18:4), L-homocysteine, N-myristoyl serine) metabolites. These biomarkers participate in key sperm domains, including motility, energy metabolism, membrane remodeling, oxidative-stress regulation, and fertilization. In conclusion, advancing age disrupts sperm "metabolostasis" (metabolite homeostasis essential for normal function), compromising their physiological integrity and fertilization competence. The identified biomarkers offer promising targets for interventions to preserve sperm health and mitigate age-related fertility decline.

  • Research Article
  • 10.3390/biomimetics11030185
Advancements and Challenges in Tissue-Engineered Heart Valves: Integrating Biomechanics, Biomaterials, and Biomimetic Design for Functional Maturity.
  • Mar 4, 2026
  • Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland)
  • Lorenzo Guidi + 3 more

Valvular heart disease remains a major global health burden, with currently available prosthetic heart valves failing to fully reproduce the adaptive, regenerative, and long-term functional properties of native valves. Tissue-engineered heart valves (TEHVs) have emerged as a promising alternative, aiming to develop living valve replacements capable of growth, remodeling, and physiological integration. However, despite substantial progress, the clinical translation of TEHVs remains limited, indicating the need for design strategies that go beyond material selection toward functionally mature constructs. This review presents recent advances in TEHV development from a biomimetic perspective, using native heart valves as a biological reference characterized by hierarchical structure, anisotropic mechanical behavior, mechanoresponsive cell populations, immune regulation, and temporally coordinated remodeling. We integrate current understanding of valve biology and mechanobiology with advances in scaffold materials and architecture, bioactive functionalization, biomechanical conditioning, and emerging fabrication and monitoring technologies. We discuss how biomimetic scaffold designs aim to replicate native extracellular matrix organization and nonlinear mechanics, how biological cues are used to regulate thrombosis, immune response, and cell recruitment, and how dynamic bioreactor systems support functional tissue maturation through controlled mechanical stimulation. Finally, key challenges for clinical translation are highlighted, and future directions are outlined, emphasizing integrated and biomimetically informed design approaches. Overall, this review aims to define guiding principles that may accelerate the development of durable, regenerative, and clinically translatable tissue-engineered heart valves. We argue that successful TEHV translation requires synchronized control of scaffold anisotropy, immune modulation, and mechanical conditioning rather than incremental material optimization.

  • Research Article
  • 10.64636/ar.48
Growth, physiological and histopathological responses of red hybrid tilapia (&lt;i&gt;Oreochromis sp.&lt;/i&gt;) fed dietary protein levels under saline groundwater conditions
  • Mar 1, 2026
  • Animal Reports
  • Mohamed Elhamamy + 4 more

It is important to define what is the exact protein requirement to ensure that the economic and environmental sustainability of the tilapia aquaculture, particularly in saline systems, whereby osmoregulation augments metabolic demand. This experiment used a multi-biomarker, holistic methodology in indicating the optimal dietary crude protein content of juvenile red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) reared in saline groundwater (33 ppt) in concrete tanks. Isogenic diets with 25, 30, 34 and 38 percent crude protein were fed to fish to a 90-day period. Although the CP diet of 38% was found to give a higher growth performance and feed efficiency, it initiated a drastic physiological trade off which was represented by a drastic reduction in the survivability (51.1%). Detailed hemato-biochemical and histopathological investigations showed the price paid under the carpet by this high protein diet, systemic dysregulation with extreme cases of anemia, hypercholesterolemia, hepatic steatosis and necrosis, damage to the branchial, and activation of the intestinal immune response. The opposite extreme of this was the 34% CP diet which made the strong growth as well as retention of high survival (75.6) and homeostatic regulation among physiological and tissue wellness variables. Thus, we can deduce that the ratio of 34% crude protein in the diet is the optimum compromise afforded by having maximum zoo technical performance and a balance between physiological integrity and long-term sustainability of juvenile red hybrid tilapia under saline concrete tank culture.

  • Research Article
  • 10.1016/j.plaphy.2026.111125
Physiological and ecological adaptation mechanisms of tobacco under combined stress of acid rain and cadmium.
  • Mar 1, 2026
  • Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB
  • Kaiyuan Gu + 6 more

Physiological and ecological adaptation mechanisms of tobacco under combined stress of acid rain and cadmium.

  • Research Article
  • 10.1097/01.ccm.0001184488.97534.6d
623: THE “THREE-BREATH FRAMEWORK”: A TOOL FOR TEACHING CARDIOTHORACIC PHYSIOLOGY DURING ICU ROUNDS
  • Mar 1, 2026
  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Matthew Carvey

Introduction: Cardiothoracic physiology is central to critical care but is often underemphasized during ICU rounds due to time constraints and competing clinical demands. We hypothesized that a structured, time-efficient framework could enhance the integration of physiology into ICU teaching, improve resident learning, and support bedside decision-making without disrupting workflow. Methods: We developed the “Three-Breath Framework,” a bedside teaching tool designed to deliver high-yield cardiothoracic physiology education in under two minutes per patient. The framework includes three steps: (1) Identify the dominant physiologic issue, (2) anchor teaching in real-time bedside data, and (3) connect physiology to management decisions. Implementation strategies included prompt cards, case templates, and visual aids. During a two-month pilot in a quaternary CVICU and SICU, residents were educated using the framework. At rotation end, participants completed a survey assessing educational value, clinical relevance, and feasibility. Results: Thirty ICU residents participated in the pilot and gave overwhelmingly positive feedback, with a 100% response rate. They reported the “Three Breath Framework” improved their understanding of core cardiothoracic concepts beyond standard teaching approaches (median Likert score 5/5), enhanced their ability to apply physiology to bedside decisions (5/5), was concise and well-integrated into ICU rounds (5/5), and should be a standard bedside teaching method (5/5). Qualitative feedback emphasized increased confidence in managing hemodynamic instability and appreciation for a physiology-based teaching approach. Conclusions: The “Three-Breath Framework” is a concise, feasible strategy for integrating cardiothoracic physiology into ICU rounds. It improves learner engagement, knowledge application, and clinical reasoning while respecting workflow constraints. This approach is scalable and adaptable across different ICU settings and levels of training, offering a practical solution to an enduring educational gap. Future studies will evaluate the impact of the framework on short- and long-term knowledge retention through standardized assessments administered pre- and post-rotation, as well as at 3-month and 6-month follow-up intervals.

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