Integration Of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Research Articles

Integrating IP Mobility Management Protocols and MANET: A Survey

The Mobile ad hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of mobile devices that forms a self-created, self-administered, and self-organized network. It is an infrastructureless network that does not require an existing infrastructure to operate. MANET suits scenarios where a temporary network is needed, such as emergency rescue, the military field, and disaster areas. MANET is an isolated network, and communication is restricted to the participating nodes’ transmission coverage. In order to increase its connectivity and its application scope, however, MANET requires integration with other networks, forming a hybrid MANET. The integration of MANET and IP networks raises many challenges and issues. Mobility management is one of the main challenges. Traditional mobility management protocols provide seamless mobility in a single hop infrastructure network. Consequently, mobile nodes can maintain their global connectivity without interrupting the ongoing sessions. Mobility management becomes more challenging in a network that relies on multi-hop communication, such as MANET. This paper presents a survey of the use of mobility management systems when integrating MANET with the internet, with the objective of serving as a handy reference in this field of research. It presents, analyzes, and discusses existing mobility management solutions for integrated MANET networks. It also investigates their shortcomings and provides a comparative study of the surveyed proposals.

Remit Accretion in IOT Networks Encircling Ingenious Firefly Algorithm Correlating Water Drop Algorithm

In current scenario of internet usage with a raPID rate, Internet of Things (IOT) has become innovation has become the most smart and innovative solution for users. IOT requires utilization, arrangement and association of not only homogeneous but also heterogeneous systems: not only infrastructure based but also infrastructure-less systems. So this requirement of heterogeneous based infrastructure-less systems led to the integration of Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) with IOT. The IOT-MANET collaboration is for smart clients so the traditional routing protocols of MANET based on conventional routing approaches needs to be modified. So this research study focuses in optimizing the routing based solution for hybrid approach i.e. Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP) of MANET through two novel swarm based bio-inspired approaches referred as Firefly Routing Algorithm (FRA) and Intelligent Water Drop Routing Algorithm (IWDRA). The optimization provided by FRA and IWDRA will be utilized in real world scenario of IOT-MANET. Both firefly and intelligent water drop approaches are validated through Network Simulator (NS). When applied on traditional ZRP and route aggregated ZRP firefly and intelligent water drop approaches provided optimized results against most important and specific comparison parameters like: End to End Delay (E2D), Normalized Routing Load (NRL), Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), Packet Loss Ratio (PLR) and throughput. When FRA and IWDRA are simulated against one another, as validated in this research study; FRA proved its worth over IWDRA. The results presented and validated in this paper will lead to huge boom for various real time industries like; medical, healthcare, agriculture etc. dependent on IOT-MANET.

Integration of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks in 4G Networks

This Fourth-generation wireless networks may require an integration of mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) into external network to enhance the flexibility of the communication and roaming. This phenomenon is well-suited for commercial and military applications which yield additional benefit of roaming. However, integration of MANET with external network poses a serious security challenge for communication because of open and distributed nature of the ad hoc network.This paper discusses about the 4 G network architecture,its challenges and finally the use of MANET in 4G networks..

Gateway load balancing using multiple QoS parameters in a hybrid MANET

A Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a self configurable wireless network in which mobile nodes communicate with each other in a multihop fashion without any pre-installed infrastructure. A MANET can be considered to be a standalone network. To enhance the connectivity of a MANET it can be connected to the fixed network, thus forming a heterogeneous network. The integration of MANET and the Internet is called a hybrid MANET which is facilitated by special nodes called Internet gateway nodes. Load balancing among gateways is a challenging task when a MANET is connected to Internet. Gateway nodes with higher loads will lead to disconnected networks and depletes the node’s resources which include their batteries, memory and bandwidth quickly. Gateway selection based on the shortest path may increase traffic concentration on one particular gateway which leads to congestion and increases delay in the network. In this paper a QoS based load balancing mechanism has been proposed among multiple gateway nodes that provide communication between mobile nodes and fixed nodes in the Internet to select lightly loaded gateways so that more packets will be delivered to the fixed host in the Internet. The proposed QoS based scheme selects four QoS parameters that are (1) connecting degree, (2) interface queue length, (3) routing table entries and (4) hop count. A weight based method is used to select the gateway which combines all four QoS metrics. Simulation results demonstrate that when compared with individual parameter, the average ETE delay, queue size and traffic load of gateway generated by proposed algorithm is decreased by 17, 25 and 15 % respectively and when compared with existing schemes, the average ETE delay, queue size and traffic load of gateway is decreased by 25, 25 and 16 % respectively.

SPAWN: a secure privacy-preserving architecture in wireless mobile ad hoc networks

Fourth-generation wireless networks may require an integration of mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) into external network to enhance the flexibility of the communication and roaming. This phenomenon is well-suited for commercial and military applications which yield additional benefit of roaming. However, integration of MANET with external network poses a serious security challenge for communication because of open and distributed nature of the ad hoc network. In this paper, a secure privacy preserving architecture has been proposed to provide privacy and security for data communication in wireless mobile ad hoc networks. This architecture includes the concept of observer obscurity to provide privacy and security for the genuine nodes and to exclude misbehaving nodes in the network. The proposed architecture is designed based on the k-times anonymous authentication and onion routing - a cryptography concept which supports for anonymous communication. The simulation results prove the necessity and effectiveness of the proposed architecture in achieving such privacy and security in the integrated environment.

Improving Convergence Speed and Scalability in OSPF: A Survey

Open Shortest Path First (OSPF), a link state routing protocol, is a popular interior gateway protocol (IGP) in the Internet. Wide spread deployment and years of experience running the protocol have motivated continuous improvements in its operation as the nature and demands of the routing infrastructures have changed. Modern routing domains need to maintain a very high level of service availability. Hence, OSPF needs to achieve fast convergence to topology changes. Also, the ever-growing size of routing domains, and possible presence of wireless mobile adhoc network (MANET) components, requires highly scalable operation on part of OSPF to avoid routing instability. Recent years have seen significant efforts aimed at improving OSPF's convergence speed as well as scalability and extending OSPF to achieve seamless integration of mobile adhoc networks with conventional wired networks. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of these efforts.

A multi-gateway-based architecture for integrating ad hoc networks with the internet using multiple Foreign Agents

Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) are typically considered to be stand-alone autonomous networks that support multi-hop communication without relying on an existing infrastructure. The integration of MANETs and the internet extends network coverage and facilitates hybrid wired and wireless networking. Most earlier approaches, for integrating MANETs with the internet considered fixed gateways and registration by means of a single gateway or Foreign Agent (FA) with unidirectional connectivity. In this paper, we propose an architecture for integrating MANETs and the internet using multiple Mobile Gateways (MGs) and FAs. MGs move within a one-hop or two-hop distance from the FAs. We extended the Ad hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol and Mobile IP (MIP) to achieve the integration. The simulation results show that the use of multiple MGs and a hybrid gate discovery mechanism enhances network performance while providing bi-directional internet connectivity in a multiple foreign agent environment.