Insecticide resistance monitoring and identification of ryanodine receptor mutations driving diamide resistance in Cnaphalocrocis medinalis.

Multi-mode evaluation of a CO2 ejector-based integrated thermal management system for electric vehicles

Evaluating the efficacy and resistance dynamics of fungicides against Geotrichum citri-aurantii in postharvest citrus disease management.

Advancing rice and maize disease management: Comparative evaluation of alginate-based azoxystrobin nanoformulation versus conventional fungicide.

The ocular surface in type 2 diabetes: pathophysiology and impact of anti-diabetic drugs.

ABSTRACT Background Despite improved access to malaria healthcare, adherence to the National Malaria Guidelines for maintaining quality of care remains a concern in the DRC. Objective We aimed to assess whether the management of malaria cases for children under 5 years of age using Integrated Community Case Management (ICCM) is conducted according to the National Malaria Guidelines in the DRC. Methods We used a sample of 2,326 children from 30 ICCM sites. To determine adherence, we compared treatments received with items recommended by the National Malaria Guidelines. The chi-square tests were used to assess adherence to guidelines. Multiple logistic regression with adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to assess the association between the provinces and adherence to guidelines. Results About 63.8% of children had malaria, and 94.8% (n = 1,407) of children who were clinically diagnosed with malaria received rapid diagnostic test (RDT) vs. 2.8% (n = 42) children who did not receive RDT, p-value = 0.0001. Additionally, those who had malaria were more likely to receive malaria treatment (93.4% vs. 6.6%, p-value = 0.0001). However, 18.5% of children who did not have malaria still received malaria treatment (p-value = 0.0001). Compared to Lualaba, ICCM sites in Kasai Oriental were more likely to adhere to RDT testing (AOR = 1.89, CI: 1.51–2.37) and Tanganyika was less likely to adhere to RDT testing (AOR = 0.40, CI: 0.81–0.92). Conclusion Our study provides insight into ICCM’s compliance with the malaria guidelines in the DRC, which can inform programs and contribute to improving adherence to guidelines and the quality of care.

Knee Osteoarthritis (KOA), a leading cause of disability globally, is linked to sedentary lifestyles, obesity, and chronic low-grade inflammation affecting joint and cognitive health. Physical exercise reduces oxidative stress and inflammation, benefiting brain health. The PEPSMAN protocol—combining patient education, exercise, and manual therapy—improves balance, pain, physical function, and reduces disability in KOA. Although limited, early evidence suggests combining PEPSMAN with breathing exercises offers additional benefits. This review synthesizes recent research on the interplay of inflammation, cognition, pain, and rehabilitation in Grade II–III KOA. A comprehensive search across databases like EMBASE, SCOPUS, DOAJ, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science identified peer-reviewed articles and clinical trials focusing on these factors in KOA.KOA progression associates with increased dementia and Alzheimer's disease risk; chronic pain significantly contributes to cognitive decline and functional impairment. Emerging studies reveal respiration influences cognitive performance. Combining breathing exercises with PEPSMAN enhances cognition and physical function in KOA by reducing inflammation, improving autonomic regulation, and promoting neuroplasticity, addressing joint symptoms and cognitive decline in a holistic approach. Chronic low-grade inflammation is central to KOA pathophysiology, driving joint damage and neurodegeneration linked to cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease risk. This highlights the need for integrative management targeting musculoskeletal and neurocognitive health.

Background: Aboveground Storage Tanks (ASTs) are critical assets in the oil and gas sector, where maintaining their structural integrity is essential for operational safety, environmental protection, and cost-efficiency. In Kazakhstan, traditional time-based inspection (TBI) methods dominate, despite their inefficiency and inflexibility. The integration of Risk-Based Inspection (RBI) with advanced Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) technologies offers a promising alternative to optimize inspection intervals and improve asset management, especially considering regulatory limitations and economic pressures that intensified during the COVID-19 pandemic. Aim: To optimize re-inspection intervals for ASTs in Kazakhstan’s oil and gas industry by integrating RBI methodologies with advanced NDT technologies, particularly ROSEN TBIT Ultra, and to compare these with traditional inspection methods. Materials and methods: RBI methodology outlined in API RP 580 and 581, industrial data for the given tank X. Results: The integration of RBI and advanced NDT enabled prioritization of high-risk tanks, identification of localized corrosion mechanisms, and optimization of inspection intervals. Compared to the rigid TBI schedule, the proposed approach demonstrated higher inspection efficiency, lower resource wastage, and reduced risk of catastrophic failure, while aligning with global standards and local legal frameworks. Conclusion: By adopting RBI methodologies supported by technologies like ROSEN TBIT Ultra, Kazakhstan’s oil and gas industry can transition from fixed-interval inspections toward a predictive, risk-prioritized approach. This transition supports better asset integrity management, enhances safety, and contributes to long-term infrastructure reliability, especially critical for aging storage systems.

This study investigated the relationship between soil chemical properties and rice brown spot severity, caused by Bipolaris oryzae, by comparing soils with different disease levels within the same paddy fields. Soil samples were collected from five regions in Korea (Muju, Buan, Sunchang, Iksan, and Boeun), where disease severity was categorized as mild, moderate, or severe. Most parameters—including pH, electrical conductivity, organic matter, NH4-N, total nitrogen, available P2O5, exchangeable cations, cation exchange capacity, and micronutrients—did not differ significantly among severity levels. In contrast, available silicon (Avail. SiO₂) was significantly lower in soils from severe disease plots compared with mild and moderate plots (P<0.05), indicating a potential role of Si availability in disease development. However, in the Boeun region, higher available silicon content was observed in plots with more severe disease, indicating that disease severity cannot be explained by silicon status alone and that other factors may have acted as overriding conditions. These findings suggest that the development of rice brown spot is influenced not only by silicon availability but also by the interaction of multiple factors, including regional cultivation environments, nutrient management, and agronomic practices. Therefore, future studies should evaluate the effect of silicon application together with integrated considerations of soil properties, cultivation practices and environmental factors. The results of this study provide fundamental information for establishing soil-based and integrated management strategies for rice brown spot.

Sawah IPB 4.0 is a smart farming concept developed by IPB University as a model for modern rice cultivation in Indonesia. This concept integrates various technologies, including real-time monitoring, smart irrigation, mechanization, smart plant protection, and multi-UAV systems. In previous studies, two core technologies—real-time monitoring and smart irrigation—were developed and implemented as Internet of Things (IoT)-based prototypes. However, these systems operated independently and lacked integrated device management capabilities. This study aims to integrate the two previously separated systems by developing a manual control module and a device management module. The system was developed using the prototyping method and implemented as a mobile application based on the Model–View–ViewModel (MVVM) architectural pattern with a single-activity architecture design. System evaluation was conducted through black-box testing to assess functionality and performance testing focused on execution time. The results of black-box testing indicate that all application features function correctly, while performance testing shows that application response times vary depending on the executed functions

Under the background of global climate change, frequent drought events have significantly impacted plant–insect interaction. This study focuses on Ficus microcarpa, an important landscaping and urban greening tree species in tropical and subtropical regions, and its primary herbivorous pest, Perina nuda, by applying the age-stage, two-sex life table theory to systematically evaluate the effects on the life history traits and population dynamics of P. nuda reared on F. microcarpa subjected to different levels of drought stress. The results demonstrated that reared on drought-stressed F. microcarpa significantly altered multiple life history traits of P. nuda. All drought treatments significantly shortened the larval development period. Under both light and severe drought conditions, adult lifespan was prolonged, the total pre-oviposition period was reduced, fecundity per female increased, and generation time (T) was shortened. However, significant increases in pupal weight, intrinsic rate of increase (r), and finite rate of increase (λ) were observed only under light drought stress. The population prediction results indicate that both light and severe drought stress lead to obviously higher population growth rates and larger population sizes at 200 days compared to the control group. These findings suggest that the population fitness of P. nuda is enhanced under light and severe drought stress, potentially increasing the probability of pest outbreaks. This study provides an important theoretical basis and practical advice on forecasting population dynamics and implementing integrated management strategies for P. nuda in the context of climate change.

The plants viruses have been examined to study the economic losses associated with agricultural crops and the viruses that represent a focus of attention of this study, in particular the Tomato Yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and its impact on tomato productivity in Iraq. A study highlights the destroy produced by this virus, which can reach up to 100% in severe cases. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the economic impact of TYLCV on tomato productivity in Iraq and to discuss integrated management strategies. It addresses the significant yield losses, which can be up to 100% in severe cases. In addition, it examines the effect of the virus on the chemical composition of fruit and reduces both nutritional value and marketing. The study emphasizes that controlling plant viruses requires integrated strategies, including development of resistant cultivars, the use of chemical, biological and agronomic control measures within an integrated management framework has been stressed as the best way to control plant viruses. It also underscores the need for enhanced scientific research and for improving farmers’ awareness. Additionally, it explores the effects of plant viruses on the chemical composition of associated plants, such as some mineral elements and plant hormones and how the plant responses resulting from the interaction of the host plant and the virus can lead to the decay of crop quality. Virus management strategies, including resistant cultivars, agricultural control methods such as the use of biological control methods and nanotechnology, in some limited cases, chemical pesticides used in a responsible manner, are discussed. Overall, this review highlights the urgent need for robust, integrated management strategies to mitigate the devastating effects of TYLCV and enhance the sustainability of tomato production in Iraq.

Native eggplant varieties such as terung telunjuk and terung rapuh are gaining renewed interest among Malaysian farmers due to their unique traits and potential for low-input farming. However, these varieties are susceptible to fungal diseases, particularly leaf blight and fruit rot caused by Phomopsis vexans. This study investigated the incidence and severity of fungal diseases in the field and evaluated various disease control strategies using chemical fungicides, biocontrol agents, and botanical treatments. Field surveys identified P. vexans as the primary pathogen, confirmed through morphological and molecular analyses. In vitro assays revealed that biofungicides containing Trichoderma spp. and Bacillus spp. demonstrated superior antifungal activity (97.64% and 93.89% inhibition, respectively), outperforming most chemical and botanical treatments. Moringa extract, neem oil, and garlic oil also exhibited notable inhibition of fungal growth, while azoxystrobin-based fungicides showed moderate efficacy. Field trials further confirmed the efficacy of integrated treatments, especially combinations of biofungicides with azoxystrobin or copper hydroxide, which significantly reduced disease severity and improved yield. The results suggest that integrated disease management strategies incorporating microbial biocontrol agents and selective chemical fungicides offer effective and sustainable control of P. vexans in traditional eggplant varieties.

Leishmaniasis presents a major public health problem for a large number of countries requiring effective integrated management of the vector, sand flies, for sustained control. Such strategies need to be economically and environmentally sustainable and adaptable to the behaviour of local vectors. One such tool is Attractive Targeted Sugar Baits (ATSB) that exploit the necessity of sand flies to acquire sugars between bloodmeals. Here we explored the kinetics and cues for sugar and blood feeding to improve the efficacy of ATSBs against sand flies. A fluorescent assay was developed to quantify sugarmeals to assess the feeding efficiency of colony-reared female Lutzomyia longipalpis sand flies. Sand flies showed a range of preferences for different sugars presented on cotton wool and could be manipulated to deposit them into the crop and/or midgut. We found that the combination of 10% sucrose and 10% fructose allowed flies to obtain the largest sugarmeals taken to the crop. Sugarmeals were taken to both the crop and midgut when it contained 200 mM bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a source of protein and 1 mM adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as a phagostimulant. Using this combination, the efficacy of the ingested insecticide fipronil was significantly increased; reducing the 50% lethal concentration from 584 µM to 1.65 µM in a sugarmeal that promoted the simultaneous uptake of the insecticide into the midgut as well as the crop. In this study we highlight the potential of understanding the cues used by vectors to sugar feed and blood feed. By incorporating blood feeding phagostimulants, such as BSA and ATP, in ATSB we vastly improve their killing efficiency against sand flies. This demonstrates a new approach to target these disease vectors.

Introduction: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by fibrosis and vascular dysfunction affecting multiple organ systems. Neurological and pulmonary complications, though less common, can markedly worsen disability and impair quality of life. Multidisciplinary rehabilitation plays a crucial role in optimizing function, yet evidence in complex SSc cases remains limited. Case Presentation: A 65-year-old woman with known SSc developed progressive rigidity, mixed axonal–demyelinating polyneuropathy confirmed by electrodiagnostic studies, interstitial lung disease with an NSIP pattern on HRCT, and significant nutritional decline. She presented with bedridden status, marked balance impairment, stocking–glove sensory loss, digital ischemia, poor exercise tolerance, and complete dependence in mobility and self-care. An individualized inpatient rehabilitation program was initiated, including gradual mobility and strengthening exercises, adaptive self-care training, pulmonary rehabilitation, nutritional optimization, and psychological support. Over several weeks, she demonstrated measurable improvements in supervised ambulation with a walker, independence in daily activities, reduction of neuropathic symptoms, enhanced nutritional intake, and improved sleep. Discussion: This case illustrates the compounded functional burden imposed by the coexistence of neurological and pulmonary manifestations in SSc. Polyneuropathy further limits mobility, while interstitial lung disease contributes to fatigue, dyspnea, and exercise intolerance. The patient’s meaningful gains highlight the importance of early, coordinated rehabilitation approaches tailored to multisystem impairment. Strengthening, balance retraining, pulmonary conditioning, and nutritional support can produce synergistic benefits, even in severe disease stages. Conclusion: Comprehensive, individualized multidisciplinary rehabilitation can substantially enhance functional outcomes and quality of life in patients with systemic sclerosis complicated by neurological and pulmonary involvement. Early referral and integrated management are essential to mitigate disability and optimize recovery. Keywords: systemic sclerosis; polyneuropathy; interstitial lung disease; rehabilitation; functional recovery

Controlling banana aphid (Pentalonia nigronervosa) vectors of banana bunchy-top disease is crucial for integrated disease management. Synthetic insecticides, though effective in aphid control, pose health and environmental risks. Biorational pesticides (including botanicals and soaps) are safer alternatives. This study screened four fresh and fermented aqueous plant extracts (chili pepper, garlic, neem, and peppermint) and three soaps (bathing, laundry bar, and liquid soap) singly or in mixtures against banana aphids through in vitro and in vivo experiments. Aphid-inoculated banana leaf-blade disks were used for the in vitro studies over 96 h. Potted plantlets were used for the in vivo studies over eight weeks. Applying these preparations resulted in significant (p ≤ 0.05) aphid mortality (28.6 to 100%) compared to the water control (3.3%) at 96 h post-spray (hps). In vitro, a single application of nimbecidine® (Azadirachtin 0.03%), garlic, chili-pepper botanicals, insecticidal, and bathing soap caused >50% mortality at 96 hps. Mixed applications of chili pepper, garlic-based, and neem botanicals with soap caused >70% mortality at 96 hps in vitro. Binary mixtures of neem oil, garlic, fermented garlic, or fermented peppermint with insecticidal soap, and neem oil with bar soap, were promising in vivo, reducing the aphid populations to <20/plant compared to the control, which had >200 aphids after week 8. However, these potential preparations incurred a higher cost (USD 1.30/banana mat) compared to the synthetic pesticide (USD 0.022/mat). Thus, biorational mixtures have a potential to effectively control banana aphids.

This study presents an enhanced hybrid TLBO–ANN model for daily photovoltaic (PV) power generation prediction. By combining the strong nonlinear modeling capacity of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) with the robust optimization capability of the Teaching–Learning-Based Optimization (TLBO) algorithm, the proposed framework effectively improves prediction accuracy and generalization performance. The model was trained using real meteorological and power generation data and validated on a grid-connected PV power plant in Türkiye. Results indicate that the hybrid TLBO–ANN approach outperforms the conventional ANN by achieving 39.97% and 37.46% improvements on the test subset and overall dataset, respectively. The improved convergence behavior and avoidance of local minima by TLBO contribute to this enhanced accuracy. Overall, the proposed hybrid model provides a powerful and practical tool for reliable PV power forecasting, which can facilitate better grid integration, operational planning, and energy management in renewable energy systems.

Islamic education management has a strategic role in integrating spiritual values with modern managerial principles to strengthen the quality of Islamic educational institutions. This article aims to conceptually examine the five fundamental pillars of Islamic education management, namely value-based planning, prophetic leadership, adaptive Islamic curriculum, holistic human resource development, and character-oriented evaluation. This study uses a qualitative approach with a library research method. The data sources in this study are 17 secondary sources, including scientific books and reputable national and international journal articles from 2012 to 2025 that are relevant to the theme of Islamic education management. Data was searched using the Publish or Perish application with purposive sampling, i.e., only literature relevant to the five main pillars of the study, namely value-based planning, prophetic leadership, adaptive Islamic curriculum, holistic human resource development, and ethics-oriented evaluation, was used as material for analysis. Data search was conducted using the Publish or Perish application. The results of the study indicate that strengthening these five pillars is the main foundation in developing an integrative Islamic education management that is relevant to the demands of the modern era. The integration of spirituality and rationality in the management of Islamic educational institutions is central to the formation of a generation with excellent character, professionalism, and noble morals. This study emphasizes the importance of the conceptual framework of Islamic education management as the basis for developing managerial strategies that are adaptive to global transformation without abandoning Islamic identity.

Biological control with microbial consortia is a promising alternative to chemical pesticides for managing plant diseases. Twenty endophytic Bacillus strains, identified from previous research were evaluated for their effects against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. tracheiphilum, the causal agent of cowpea wilt. Based on compatibility, eight antagonistic strains were combined to form Consortium I, while Consortium II included all 20 isolates regardless of compatibility. Biocontrol efficacy of the consortia was assessed through seed biopriming and soil application in both greenhouse and field trials. Consortium I reduced Fusarium wilt incidence by 33% in pots and 28% in field trials, while Consortium II achieved a reduction of 50% and 32%, respectively. No significant differences were observed between the two consortia in terms of pod yield, shoot fresh and dry weight. Our study highlights the potential of endophytic Bacillus spp. in integrated disease management (IDM) strategies for sustainable cowpea cultivation.

Wildfires are among the most severe disturbances in Mediterranean ecosystems, altering vegetation structure, soil properties, and hydrological functioning. Understanding post-fire hydrological dynamics is crucial for predicting flood and erosion risks and vegetation restoration in fire-prone regions. This study investigates the hydrological responses of Mediterranean watersheds following a wildfire event by integrating WiMMed (Watershed Integrated Management in Mediterranean Environments), a distributed, physically based hydrological model, with high-resolution vegetation data derived from LiDAR and Landsat imagery. A Priority Post-Fire Restoration Index (PPRI) was calculated as the weighted sum of the six parameters runoff (mm), flow accumulation (mm), distance to drainage network (m), slope (%), erodibility (K), lithology, and LiDAR index under a sediment reduction and runoff peak reduction scenario. The post-fire hydrological processes modeled with WiMMed described the dynamics of surface runoff and soil moisture redistribution across the upper soil layers after fire, and their gradual attenuation with vegetation regrowth. The spatial distribution of the PPRI identified specific zones within the burned watershed that require urgent restoration measures (10% and 4.55% under sediment reduction and peak reduction scenarios, respectively). The combined use of process-based modeling and remote sensing offers valuable insights into watershed-scale hydrological resilience and supports the design of post-fire restoration strategies in Mediterranean landscapes.