Integrated Management Package Research Articles

The Effectiveness of Integrated Management Packages in Controlling Aphid-Borne Virus Infections on Groundnut in South Sulawesi, Indonesia

The Effectiveness of Integrated Management Packages in Controlling Aphid-Borne Virus Infections on Groundnut in South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Evaluation of Different Integrated Management Strategies against Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on Mung Bean

The study was conducted in the experimental field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh during April‒June, 2021 to evaluate the effectiveness of integrated management approaches against thrips on mung bean. The treatments comprising seed treatment, blue sticky trap and bio-pesticides i.e. Tracer 45SC (Spinosad), Biotrin 0.5% AS, Ecomec 1.8EC or synthetic chemical insecticides i.e. Confidor 70 WG, Actara 25WG, Stargate 48SC, Novastar 56EC and an untreated control were evaluated against thrips. The efficacy of the integrated management packages differed significantly against the thrips species Megalurothrips usitatus and Thrips palmi. Among them, the integrated management approach comprising seed treatment+blue sticky trap+Stargate 48SC was the most effective and reduced the highest percent of total thrips population on top trifoliate leaves and terminal shoots (84.46% and 80.77%, respectively) at vegetative stage and on flower buds and flowers (81.26% and 80.54%, respectively) at reproductive stage of mung bean. The lowest flower bud and flower infestation (17.35% and 21.66%, respectively) and shedding (13.32% and 8.41%, respectively) and the highest number of pod (34.28 plant-1), pod length (9.29 cm), seed (10.82 pod-1), 1000 seed weight (34.10 g) and yield (1642.19 kg ha-1) of mung bean was found in the integrated management package including seed treatment+blue sticky trap+Stargate 48SC followed by the management strategy comprising seed treatment+blue sticky trap+Confidor 70 WG and seed treatment+Blue sticky trap+Actara 25WG.

Effectiveness of Integrated Management Packages Against Pod Borer Complex on Mungbean

Effectiveness of Integrated Management Packages Against Pod Borer Complex on Mungbean

Development of efficient integrated management package against sweet potato weevil (Cylas formicarius [Fabricius, 1798

The sweet potato weevil (Cylas formicarius, 1798) is one of the most damaging sweet potato pests. To prevent an economic crop loss, it is very important to develop a suitable and efficient integrated pest management strategy. A field experiment was set up with three replications at Jamalpur to select the best integrated management package from eight different treatments against sweet potato weevil. The results showed that the lowest percentage of infestation by number (2.94 %) and mass (3.22 %) was found when the crop was planted on November 01; earthing-up for two times, Carbofuran 5G was sprayed @ 15 kg ha-1 at 60 days after planting with irrigation and tuber was harvested at 130 days after planting. The marketable yield (23.75 kg) and percent increase of yield than control (50.86 %) performed the highest in the same combination. These findings suggested an effective integration of different management strategies to reduce sweet potato weevil infestation in Bangladesh successfully.

Evaluation of Integrated Management of Wild Radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) in Faba Bean in Waliso District of South West Shoa, Ethiopia

A field experiment was conducted from 2017 to 2018 to evaluate effective and economical integrated management package for the control of Raphanus raphanistrum in faba bean in Waliso District of South West Shoa, Ethiopia. The experimental design used was spilt plot design with two levels of plowing frequency assigned as main plot and eight weed management practice as sub plot in three replications. Data recorded on crop and weed related parameters. Results obtained indicated that the interaction effect of plowing frequency and combination of herbicides with hand weeding frequency significantly affected plant height, number of pods per plant, seeds per pod, crop biomass and grain yield of faba bean. The highest mean grain yield (1541 kg/ha) was obtained from the interaction effect of plowing three times with application of pendimethalin at 3 lt ha -1 supplemented with once hand weeding at 30-35 days after sowing. This is followed by plowing three times and application of S-Metolachlor at 1 litter ha -1 supplemented with twice hand weeding at 30-35 and 50-55 days after sowing that gave a mean grain yields of 1463kg/ha. The interaction effect of plowing frequency and combination of herbicides with hand weeding frequency also significantly affected the weed population, weed plant height and biomass. The lowest R. raphanistrum population, height and biomass was obtained from the interaction of three times plowing and application of S-metolachlor at 1 litter ha -1 supplemented with twice hand weeding at 30-35 and 50-55 days after sowing. Economic analysis showed that trice plowing combined with application of Pendimethalin at 3 lt ha -1 supplemented by once hand weeding at 30-35 days after sowing gave the highest Net benefit (23174 birr) followed by three times plowing combined with application S-Metolachlor at 1 lt ha -1 supplemented by twice hand weeding. Therefore, three times plowing and application of S-Metolachlor herbicide supplemented by twice hand weeding at 30-35 and 50-55 DAS or three times plowing and application of Pendimethalin herbicide at 3 lt ha -1 supplemented with one time hand weeding at 30-35 DAS is recommended for economic control of R. raphanistrum in faba bean production. Keywords: Raphanus raphanistrum , s-metolachlor, pendimethalin DOI: 10.7176/JBAH/10-5-02 Publication date: March 31 st 2020

Management of root-knot disease of pointed gourd through the application of nematicides and different organic amendments

A field experiment was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Ishwardi, Pabna during 2013-14 to find out an effective integrated management package for controlling root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita of pointed gourd. The following treatments were T1 = Spore suspension of T. harzanium added to around the roots of seedling, T2 = Dry neem leaves @100 g seedling-1, T3 = Furadan 5G @ 40 kg ha-1, T4 = Poultry litter @ 5 t ha-1, T5 = Mustard oil cake @ 800 kg ha-1, T6 = Furadan 5G + Dry neem leaves, T7 = Furadan 5G + Poultry litter, T8 = Furadan 5G + Mustard oil cake and T9 = Control were tested for their performance against the disease. Gall index ranged from 3.33-7.67. Significantly lower gall index (3.33) was recorded in treatment T7= Furadan 5G + Poultry litter and maximum gall index (7.67) was recorded in treatment T9= Control plot. The highest yield (24.97 t ha-1) was recorded in Furadan 5G + Poultry litter treated plot where are the lowest yield (7.53 t ha-1) was in Control plot. The incorporation of Poultry litter with Furadan 5G increased the efficiency of the treatment and gave satisfactory result to reduce root knot disease and to improve plant growth and yield of pointed gourd.
 Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 9(2): 51-56, December 2019

Nonchemical based integrated management package for live-wood eating termites in tea plantations of north-east India

Live wood eating termites are responsible for considerable damage to young and mature teas throughout North-East India. Termite infestation leads not only to economic loss but also to the failure of several years of effort to grow tea plants. This study reveals the efficacy of various non-chemical approaches to control the termite problem in Assam tea plantation. Two multiplication field trials consisted of twelve non-chemical treatments were conducted following randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. The trials revealed that Metarhizium anisopliae, Beauveria bassiana, Heterorhabditis indica and Ipomea carnea were effective in controlling the termites in tea compared to the check (thiamethoxam, a commonly used chemical pesticide against termites in conventional tea estates) as well as to control (untreated- water spray for both organic and conventional tea estates). Along with these non-chemical treatments, an integrated management package for termite control is discussed.

Grain legume production and their potential for sustainable agriculture in Botswana between 2008 and 2015: a review

Pulse crops are an integral component of arable agriculture in Botswana, particularly in subsistence farming. The benefits of these crops include provision of nutrition for both human beings and livestock, as well as environmental sustainability needs. Although they have a far reaching socio-economic impact, these benefits have not been adequately characterized for inclusion in endeavors of conservation agriculture in the country. Furthermore, data on pulses are often lumped together without identifying important pulse crops grown in Botswana. The objective of this paper was to review production of pulses and their potential as components in cropping systems and conservation agriculture in Botswana. The data used in this study were obtained from reports of Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security (MOA), Statistics Botswana, FAOSTAT and other literature sources. With the ongoing changes in climate and predicted increase in incidences of drought, pulses are among crops most relevant to sustainable agriculture. They are among the most versatile because of their variability in cropping duration from early to late maturity. Their consumption ranges from fresh forms to physiologically mature grain. Pulses play an important role in climate change mitigation through their ability to fix nitrogen, thus reducing dependency on organic and synthetic fertilizers. They use less water from relatively shallow soil and allow for stratified soil water use for companion crops in intercropping or conserve soil water for subsequent crops in rotations. Thus pulses improve both water and nutrient use efficiencies when included in cropping systems. Their production also has a low footprint in both carbon and water. Currently, pulses are among the few highly priced crops in Botswana markets and together with the possibility of replacement of imported grain, investments in their production can generate income and improve livelihood of both farmers and consumers in Botswana. Crop production management technology involves judicious use of integrated nutrient, pest and disease management; appropriate integrated management packages that include pulses can be promoted to ensure sustainable crop production under the adverse impacts of climate change.

The Impact of Integrated Management for Salt Tolerant Forage Production on Small Farmers Poverty Egypt Case Study (Sahl El-Tina)

This study examines the impact of New Integrated Management Package (IMP) adoption on income and poverty among fodder farming household in Sahl El-Tina. The IMP such as Rate, time, and methods of nitrogen fertilization and other fertilization, Leaching requirements for some crops, Intercropping system, Use of suitable crop genotype/variety, Use of modern irrigation systems or modified systems to save water, date, rate and method of planting. The study aims mainly to improve the lives of small farmers through the level of dissemination and application of cultivation techniques forage crops tolerant to salinity through develop and disseminate technologies packages of forage production. And reducing their probability of falling below the poverty line. Therefore suggest that intensification of the investment on IMP dissemination is a reasonable policy instrument to raise incomes and reduce poverty among fodder farming household. It used instrumental variables (IV)-based estimator to estimate the Local Average Treatment Effect (LATE) of adoption of IMP on income and poverty reduction, using cross-sectional data of 200 farmers from Shal El-Tina. The findings reveal a robust positive and significant impact of IMP adoption on farm household income and welfare measured by per capita expenditure and poverty reduction. Specifically, the empirical results suggest that adoption of IMP raises household per capita expenditure and income by an average of 529.27$ and 1371$ in Shal El-Tina per cropping season respectively, thereby reducing their probability of falling below the poverty line. Therefore suggest that intensification of the investment on IMP dissemination is a reasonable policy instrument to raise incomes and reduce poverty among fodder farming household, although complementary measures are also needed. The incidence of poverty was higher among non-IMP adopters (55.2%) than IMP adopters (49.5%). In addition, both the depth and severity of poverty were also higher (20.85% and 15.42%) among non-adopters than the adopters (18.48% and 9.88%). All three poverty measures indicate that poverty was more prevalent and severe among non-adopters compared to adopters.

Uptake of resistant varieties and integrated management packages for bean root rot disease in western Uganda

The common dry bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most widely grown food legume in Uganda, however, its production in western Uganda has been threatened by the bean root rot diseases. Resistant varieties and integrated soil and crop management package for the bean root rot disease, developed by the National Beans Research Programme, were promoted from 2003 to 2007 in Bushenyi and Kisoro Districts that were most susceptible to this disease. This study was conducted to assess the level of uptake of technologies and practices promoted in the target area, and factors influencing the decision to adopt. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire that was administered to 160 purposively selected bean farmers. The Poisson regression model was used to determine the factors influencing the number of technologies and practices used. The study revealed that majority (95.0%) of the bean farmers had adopted at least one of the improved bean varieties promoted. The results further show that NABE 12C, NABE 13 and NABE 14 were the most preferred improved varieties. Preference was mainly attributed to high yield, palatability and short cooking time. Use of improved and resistant varieties (95.0%), sowing of one seed per hole (72.5%) and Farm Yard Manure (71.3%) were the most commonly used in management of the bean root rot disease. Analysis of the sequential combination of technologies adopted reveal that most farmers in Kisoro district used improved varieties + Farm Yard Manure + Row planting + One seed per hole; while the farmers in Bushenyi mainly used a combination of improved varieties + Farm Yard Manure +Crop Rotation + One seed per hole. Poisson results indicated that adoption was significantly and positively influenced by access to bean information, number of times a farmer was trained, participation in farmer to farmer seed loan scheme, record management and the price of improved varieties. Age of household head had a negative influence and significantly reduced the expected number of technologies and practices used in the management of BRR disease by 20%. To sustain the use of bean root rot management technologies and practices, there is need to support establishment of community-based seed production systems which have already shown evidence of success in other areas and crops to ensure availability of sufficient quantities of seed and access to resistant varieties; support rural enterprises which provide inputs; and ensure farmers’ continued access to information though use of different channels and media. Key word : Adoption, Farm Yard Manure, Phaseolus vulgaris

Variations of Incidence, Types of Virus Diseases and Insect Vector Populations of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), Grown in Different Agroecological Regions of Sri Lanka under Two Crop Management Systems

Incidence and types of insect-transmitted virus diseases of plants vary with the environmental factors, which have direct or indirect relationships on population dynamics of vectors. Alternative indirect strategies are essential to mitigate the environmental and health hazards of pesticide usage, which is the most predominant method of vector management used at present. The present study was conducted to determine the variation of virus disease incidence and the population of insect vectors in field grown tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cv. Thilina in different environmental conditions using two crop management systems namely, existing management system with pesticide applications and an integrated management package (IMP) with less reliance on pesticides. Incidence and types of virus diseases, their abundance and types of both insect vectors and beneficial insects were recorded over one cropping season, together with mean day temperature and rainfall data. Peroxidase activity in tomato tissues was quantified spectrophotometrically to determine the effects of the location and management practices on build-up of defence related enzymes in plant tissues. Relationships between the virus disease incidence, vector and beneficial insect populations and climatic parameters were also analyzed. Results revealed that there was no significant (p=0.05) difference between the two types of management systems in terms of virus disease incidence indicating the equal efficiency of the tested IMP treatment and existing pest control method on virus disease management. Abundance of insect vectors and beneficial insect populations were significantly (p0.05) influenced by the interaction effect of the management system and location. The mean day temperature was weakly related with the virus disease incidence at different locations. Peroxidase activity of tomato tissues was significantly (p0.05) different among locations and did not significantly vary between the plants treated with IMP and the existing management systems . T ropical Agricultural Research Vol. 25 (3): 376-395 (2014)

Species Composition of Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Feral Guavas (Psidium guajavaLinnaeus) and Marula (Sclerocarya birrea(A.Richard) Hochstetter) in a Subsistence Savanna Landscape: Implications for Their Control

Fruit flies are major economic pests that hinder the increased production and commercialization of fruits and vegetables in Swaziland. However, the diversity and abundance of these nagging pests in the country have not been documented. This underscores the importance of inventorying the fruit fly species in the country as a prelude to formulating a sustainable management strategy of these pests.Asurvey was therefore conducted to detect, collect and identify the various fruit fly species in fruited feral marula and guava using three baits, i.e. vinegar, brewers' waste and commercial fruit fly bait at Ntondozi and Gebeni. Sites were sampled weekly from January to May 2012 when the target plants grew in abundance. Overall, a total of 4168 fruit flies (23 species) were trapped. There were significant differences in the number of flies collected between sites (P = 0.0002). Fewer flies were trapped from Gebeni (1569; 22 species), compared to Ntondozi (2599; 18 species). Ceratitis rosa was the dominant species at both sites and host plants, making up 68.8 % of the overall catch, followed by C. cosyra. Of the dacines, Dacus bivittatus was the dominant species. At Gebeni, there were no significant differences in the number of flies trapped between baits (P=0.1231) while significant differences were observed at Ntondozi (P=0.0009), where the traps with commercial bait had the highest number of fruit flies followed by the brewers' waste and then the vinegar-baited traps. Traps placed on marula trees had a significantly lower number of fruit flies and diversity (1095 fruit flies, 11 species) compared to those placed in guava trees (3073 fruit flies, 22 species) (P=0.000). Host-plant surveys indicated that only C. cosyra emerged from marula fruits while co-occurrence of C. rosa, C. capitata and C. cosyra was observed in guava fruits. The results of this study could formthe basis for the development of a low-cost integrated management package for the suppression of fruit fly populations in Swaziland.

Comparative efficacy of NeemAzal and local botanicals derived from Azadirachta indica and Plectranthus glandulosus against Sitophilus zeamais on maize

The efficacy of NeemAzal powder, two local neem (Azadirachta indica) products [neem seed powder (NSP) and neem seed oil (NSO)], as well as a local Lamiaceae, Plectranthus glandulosus leaf powder, applied at four different rates for the control of Sitophilus zeamais was determined. Mortality was recorded 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after S. zeamais infestation, followed by the determination of F1 progeny production. Grain damage, population increase and grain germination were assessed for treated grains that were stored for 4 months. Grains treated with P. glandulosus powder and NSP had relatively low mortality (5.0–22.5%) after 3 days whereas NeemAzal and NSO had higher mortality (55.0–98.8%). Maximum mortality of 99, 100, 96 and 74% were achieved for NeemAzal (12 g/kg after 14 days), NSO (4 ml/kg after 7 days), NSP (40 g/kg after 14 days) and P. glandulosus powder (40 g/kg, after 14 days), respectively. In the same order, 7-day LC50 values were 0.02 g/kg, 1.46 ml/kg, 12.44 g/kg and 28.9 g/kg. The three neem products greatly reduced progeny emergence, while P. glandulosus powder was less effective. NeemAzal protected the grains against S. zeamais damage better than the local neem products, which in turn provided far better grain protection against the weevil damage than P. glandulosus powder. NeemAzal was superior to the local neem products in grain protection against germination loss, with P. glandulosus being the least effective. NeemAzal and NSO had sufficient efficacy to be a component of an integrated management package for S. zeamais.

Integrated management of Eriophyid mite, Aceria guerreronis Keifer on coconut in Tamil Nadu, India

A field experiment was conducted at Vellalore from January 2002 to December 2004 to evaluate the influence of organic and inorganic nutrients and the effect of botanicals and insecticide against coconut eriophyid mite. Soil application of nutrients along with spraying of Triazophos 40 EC (5 ml/lit.), azadirachtin 1% (5 ml/lit.) and neem oil (30 ml/lit.) as first, second and third round of sprayings, respectively were evaluated. The results revealed that there was a significant reduction in mite population (65%) after two years in the Integrated Management (IM) treated trees (application of organic and inorganic nutrients, basin cultivation of sunnhemp and three rounds of spraying) followed by trees treated with Nitrogen: Phosphorus: Potash (1.3:2.0:3.5 kg/palm/year) + Farm Yard Manure 50 kg/palm/year + neem cake 5 kg /palm/year + micronutrients + three rounds of sprayings (52.8%). Similarly, there was also a significant reduction in the per cent damaged green nuts after two years. After second year, the per cent damaged nut was lowest (41.9) in the IM treated trees which was statistically on par with treatment 6 (42.9) as against control (71.8). A similar trend was also recorded after third year. IM package treated trees recorded the lowest nut damage grade of 2.8, 2.4 and 2.1 at harvest followed by IM package without sunnhemp as basin crop 3.0, 2.6 and 2.2 as against 4.3, 4.3 and 4.5 in the check after first, second and third year, respectively.

Soils derived from biotite-granites on the Jos Plateau, Nigeria: their nutrient status and management for sustainable agriculture

Abstract This study was carried out to assess the nutrient status of soils formed on biotite-granites on the Jos Plateau and to recommend management practices that can help to enhance and sustain the agricultural productivity of the soils. Twenty-three soil profile pits were dug and carefully studied in the area and soil samples collected were analysed for their physical and chemical properties. The results show that the soils are characterised by low to very low total nitrogen status, available phosphorus deficiency and low to very low calcium. Exchangeable potassium, magnesium and micronutrient elements (Cu, Zn and B) deficiencies do occur but their deficiencies are not general. Some of these problems can be traced to erosion, leaching, crop removal and the acidic and lateritic nature of most of the soils. Enhancement and sustenance of soil nutrient status for sustainable agriculture call for an integrated management package involving measures to minimize erosion and improve the nutrient status of the soils. This means that the farmers have to modify their present soil management practices. The need also arises for the government to embark upon realistic and stable measures that can help in enhancing the fertility of this category of soils nation-wide for sustainable agricultural productivity. Policy makers need to come up with strategic plans involving uninterrupted investments and work in partnership with the farmers through their appropriate agents.