Integral Theory Research Articles

Integrable deformations from twistor space

Integrable field theories in two dimensions are known to originate as defect theories of 4d Chern-Simons and as symmetry reductions of the 4d anti-self-dual Yang-Mills equations. Based on ideas of Costello, it has been proposed in work of Bittleston and Skinner that these two approaches can be unified starting from holomorphic Chern-Simons in 6 dimensions. We provide the first complete description of this diamond of integrable theories for a family of deformed sigma models, going beyond the Dirichlet boundary conditions that have been considered thus far. Starting from 6d holomorphic Chern-Simons theory on twistor space with a particular meromorphic 3-form \OmegaΩ, we construct the defect theory to find a novel 4d integrable field theory, whose equations of motion can be recast as the 4d anti-self-dual Yang-Mills equations. Symmetry reducing, we find a multi-parameter 2d integrable model, which specialises to the \lambdaλ-deformation at a certain point in parameter space. The same model is recovered by first symmetry reducing, to give 4d Chern-Simons with generalised boundary conditions, and then constructing the defect theory.

Extensions of curves with high degree with respect to the genus

We classify linearly normal surfaces $S \subset \mathbf{P}^{r+1}$ of degree $d$ such that $4g-4 \leq d \leq 4g+4$, where $g>1$ is the sectional genus (it is a classical result that for larger $d$ there are only cones). We apply this to the study of the extension theory of pluricanonical curves and genus $3$ curves, whenever they verify Property $N_2$, using and slightly expanding the theory of integration of ribbons of the authors and E.~Sernesi. We compute the corank of the relevant Gaussian maps, and we show that all ribbons over such curves are integrable, and thus there exists a universal extension. We carry out a similar program for linearly normal hyperelliptic curves of degree $d\geq 2g+3$. We classify surfaces having such a curve $C$ as a hyperplane section, compute the corank of the relevant Gaussian maps, and prove that all ribbons over $C$ are integrable if and only if $d=2g+3$. In the latter case we obtain the existence of a universal extension.

Agency and structure in the age of European disintegration

This article analyses the causal factors behind the Brexit vote, aiming to contribute to the literature on European disintegration. It addresses how, amidst external factors such as the EU debt crisis and the 2015 refugee crisis, pre-existing ideological forces deeply ingrained in a society can surface and steer a country's trajectory in relation to European integration. Employing a rigorous process-tracing design, it highlights the forces that led to the referendum and its outcome, identifying key patterns that can be extrapolated to comparable cases within the field of EU integration theory. The analysis operates at two levels: it scrutinizes the constraints faced by Cameron's government in the lead-up to the vote, and it probes the British electorate's attitude toward EU and how it was influenced by the Leave campaign. The study draws from an empirical case to identify some of the patterns of this ongoing political process.

Organizational responses to transparency determinants

PurposeDespite considerable evidence of the benefits of organizational transparency, policies to enhance transparency often fail or are met with resistance and unexpected results. In part, this is due to a lack of knowledge about the drivers of organizational transparency and their interrelationships. This study examines the interplay among the forces that influence organizational transparency, and thus answers numerous calls for developing a deeper theoretical understanding of the determinants of organizational transparency. We propose three forces that influence organizational transparency and theorize how they combine in nonlinear ways to form five archetypical transparency regimes that organizations operate within. We then discuss contingencies to organizational transparency within each regime.Design/methodology/approachWe employ configurational theorizing to capture the complexity of transparency and the nonlinear relationships among the forces of transparency.FindingsWe propose three forces that influence organizational transparency: institutional, societal, and leadership. We identify configurations of the three forces that yield five archetypical transparency regimes. We then discuss contingencies for cultivating organizational transparency within each regime. Vanguard transparency and pioneering transparency represent the desired regimes for fostering organizational transparency. In contrast, hollow transparency and deceptive transparency reveal a combination of determinants that cultivate less desirable forms of organizational transparency. Paradoxical transparency represents a regime in which socially desirable outcomes are associated with undesirable consequences for an organization.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper is among the first to theorize the drivers of organizational transparency and to discuss the limits and boundaries of organizational responses to transparency determinants.Practical implicationsDespite the many benefits of transparency, we explain why efforts to enhance organizational transparency often fail or are met with mixed results. By considering the three forces, managers and policymakers can avoid unexpected and undesired organizational responses to transparency regimes.Social implicationsWe propose five transparency regimes that place a spotlight on social contingencies to enhance transparency.Originality/valueThis study offers an integrative theory of organizational responses to transparency determinants and develops its theoretical foundations. The model integrates the fragmented empirical findings from previous studies on the determinants of transparency and draws attention to overlooked institutional, societal, and leadership forces that influence organizational transparency.

Research on the Entrepreneurial Process of Hidden Champion: A Case Study Base on Opportunity-resource Integration

Objective: This research aimed to explore the internal mechanism of transforming strategic orientation into the entrepreneurial performance of hidden champion start-ups. Methods: Based on the theory of opportunity-resource integration, the research adopted a longitudinal single-case study method to explore the opportunity-resource integration behaviors guided by the strategic orientation of Company A, and build the “orientation-behavior-performance” model. Results: The research found that internal and external factors influenced the selection of strategic orientation at each stage of hidden champion start-ups. Guided by different strategic orientations, hidden champion start-ups achieved rapid growth in entrepreneurial performance through corresponding opportunity-resource integration behaviors. Conclusion: Start-ups should flexibly choose a strategic orientation to guide the identification of opportunities and integration of resources according to the resources available at each stage.

Evaluating theories of neural information integration during visual search.

The brain routes and integrates information from many sources during behavior. A number of models explain this phenomenon within the framework of mixed selectivity theory, yet it is difficult to compare their predictions to understand how neurons and circuits integrate information. In this work, we apply time-series partial information decomposition [PID] to compare models of integration on a dataset of superior colliculus [SC] recordings collected during a multi-target visual search task. On this task, SC must integrate target guidance, bottom-up salience, and previous fixation signals to drive attention. We find evidence that SC neurons integrate these factors in diverse ways, including decision-variable selectivity to expected value, functional specialization to previous fixation, and code-switching (to incorporate new visual input).

3D wave dispersion analysis of graphene platelet-reinforced ultra-stiff double functionally graded nanocomposite sandwich plates with metamaterial honeycomb core layer

This research addresses the three-dimensional thermomechanical wave propagation behavior in sandwich composite nanoplates with a metamaterial honeycomb core layer and double functionally graded (FG) ultra-stiff surface layers. Due to its potential for high-temperature applications, pure nickel (Ni) is preferred for the honeycomb core layer, and an Al2O3/Ni ceramic-metal matrix is preferred for the surface layers. The functional distribution of graphene platelets (GPLs) in three different patterns, Type-U, Type-X, and Type-O, in the metal-ceramic matrix with a power law distribution provides double-FG properties to the surface layers. The mechanical and thermal material characteristics of the core and surface layers, as well as the reinforcing GPLs, are temperature-dependent. The pattern of temperature variation over the plate thickness is considered to be nonlinear. The sandwich nanoplate’s motion equations are obtained by combining the sinusoidal higher-order shear deformation theory (SHSDT) with nonlocal integral elasticity and strain gradient elasticity theories. The wave equations are established by using Hamilton’s principle. Parametric simulations and graphical representations are performed to analyze the effects of honeycomb size variables, wave number, the power law index, the GPL distribution pattern, the GPL weight ratio, and the temperature rise on three-dimensional wave propagation in an ultra-stiff sandwich plate. The results of the analysis reveal that the 3D wave propagation of the sandwich nanoplate can be significantly modified or tuned depending on the desired parameters and conditions. Thus, the proposed sandwich structure is expected to provide essential contributions to radar/sonar stealth applications in air, space, and submarine vehicles in high or low-temperature environments, protection of microelectromechanical devices from high noise and vibration, soft robotics applications, and wearable health and protective equipment applications.

The Prospects of AfCFTA in Promoting Industrialization and Economic Diversification in Africa

African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) functions as a boost for Africa's economic development by enhancing intra-African trade. This is because trade is an engine of growth and development. For the fact that most African nations that are located within the same region engage in similar and competitive production, the ensuing economic cooperation and trade exchanges not only have the promise of increasing trade but also stimulating other ancillary economic activities, creating new job opportunities, speeding up economic growth, promote the standard of living, and promote economic development. However, AfCFTA's record has not been very impressive. The main obstacles to intra- regional commerce among African countries include heavy reliance on trade in primary goods, high product and market concentration of exports, and inadequate regional manufacturing networks. This study therefore examines continental economic trends and Intra African Trade: Prospects for African Continental Free Trade Area. The study adopted qualitative methods of data collection and analysis and the comparative theory of integration. The study found that the low level of trade diversification implicated the capacity of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) to achieve improved intra-regional trade performances in Africa. African countries maintain as much as 77% export specialization, with higher external/world trade at 84.6 percent of their total import and export trade. The study recommended that Governments should invest in infrastructure development, including building roads, railways, ports, and airports, as well as improving access to electricity and broadband. Governments should adopt modern trade facilitation measures such as electronic customs systems, single window platforms, and risk management techniques and should align their technical regulations and norms with global best practices and standards, as those created by appropriate international standard-setting organisations like the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO).

What Ceremony Does to Psychedelics: On the Importance of Applying Integrated Theories of Ritual Value Generation to Psychedelic Studies

What Ceremony Does to Psychedelics: On the Importance of Applying Integrated Theories of Ritual Value Generation to Psychedelic Studies

Afghan immigrants' perceptions of integration policies in Iran

AbstractIn the contemporary global context, the challenge of integrating immigrants into host societies has gained prominence. This paper delves into the perceptions and experiences of Afghan immigrants in Iran regarding immigration policies and laws. Employing a constructivist grounded theory methodology, the study aims to uncover participants' interpretations and the meanings attributed to immigration policies and laws. Grounded theory analysis, involving initial, focused, and theoretical coding, was employed to collect data. The results reveal that current immigration laws and policies in Iran have led to economic disparities, limited educational opportunities, social isolation, and identity challenges for Afghan immigrants. Iran's integration policies lean towards exclusion. Consequently, Afghan immigrants experience a weakened sense of belonging in the country. Therefore, our study suggests the importance of implementing integration theories and policies instead of those promoting disintegration. Such policies not only hinder immigrants' assimilation but also impede the overall progress of the host nation, thus undermining social cohesion.

Predicting Consumers’ Intentions to Purchase Eco-Friendly Products through Service Quality and Green Value Orientation

Organismic Integration Theory (OIT) was used in this research study, to examine the influence of environmental measures on consumer purchase intentions, towards’ purchasing ecofriendly athletic wear. To evaluate the associations between variables, a sample of 280 Indian consumers was employed. The research tool, Lisrel 8.80, was used to analyse the data, using the partial least square structural equation modelling (SEM) method. Results indicated that green purchasing behaviour was positively correlated with all the environmental factors considered in this study. Using the theory of OIT, this research is one of the first attempts to examine how environmentally motivating variables affect consumers’ inclinations towards environmentally responsible sporting apparel. This study used SEM to perform multiple regression in the sports wear marketing management.

Meditation as a mental revolution in the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution: Focusing on Ken Wilber’s Integral theory and Transformation of Seon Buddhism’s consciousness

This study used Ken Wilber's integral theory to discuss the possibility of mental revolution necessary in the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution through Seon Buddhism's theory of transformation of consciousness. This study was discussed from a meditative perspective in four ways. First, I examined that the perspective of the 4th Industrial Revolution presented by Klaus Schwab emphasizes the need for spiritual and cultural values for human coexistence from the existing technology and material-centered perspective. Second, it was discussed that research on the 4th Industrial Revolution needed to be conducted in an integrated manner, and this possibility was examined through Ken Wilber's integrated approach, IOS (Integral Operating System). Third, among the 'four quadrants of the integrated 4th industrial revolution', 'I [self-transcendence(Seon Buddhism)]' in the left-top quadrant is again categorized into 'I(Buddha nature)', ‘We(no difference between oneself and others)’, ‘It [body (Interaction)]’, and ‘Them (hyper-connected society)’. Fourth, this study discussed from the perspective of Seon Buddhism’s theory of transformation of consciousness, focusing on ‘I (Buddha nature)’ among the ‘four quadrants in integrated self-transcendence (Seon Buddhism)’.

Image and verbal text interfaces of internet memes: a cognitive analysis

The article focuses on image-text interface types of Internet memes mocking the same viral event – Melania Trump’s speech at the Republican Party convention. The future first lady’s address contained borrowings from Michelle Obama’s speech at the Democratic Party convention. The relevance of the study is accounted for both by the social significance of visual-verbal Internet memes as a tool influencing the formation of the Internet users’ views and by the need to elucidate the principles of interaction between the verbal and visual modes of memes in creating a humorous effect, which is the aim of the study. The application of cognitive linguistics methods, in particular, the tools of the theory of conceptual integration for multimodal analysis of communication, made it possible to establish four types of visual and verbal text interfaces. It has been concluded that simple visual-verbal metonymy underlies memes, in which the humorous effect is achieved through the interaction of an image that provides access to a viral event mocked by the meme and a verbal text that activates a certain metonymic association highlighting a feature of the event that is incompatible with the expectations provided by the generic space of the viral event. In memes built on the basis of visual metonymy and verbal allusion, incompatible conceptual structures are activated with the help of allusive connection. Radial visual-verbal metonymy occurs when an image engages a series of metonymic features linked by a radial semantic link, whereas the verbal text highlights the incompatibility of these features with the actual features of the viral event. The interaction of allusion and diffuse visual-verbal metonymy is the cognitive basis of memes, in which access to a viral event is provided by verbal allusion, while the image contains signs of absurdity and triggers metonymic associations that are not based on expected connections.

Density functional theory of freezing transition in a binary mixture of spheres and soft-ellipsoids

ABSTRACT This study uses the classical density functional theory (DFT) of freezing to investigate phase transitions in ellipsoidal-spherical binary mixtures interacting via a generalised Gay-Berne (GB) intermolecular potential, with a focus on I-N, I-SmA and N-SmA transitions. The mixtures, consisting mainly of ellipsoids, contain spherical additives at concentrations of 5 % , 10 % and 15 % . The pair correlation functions, which are crucial for the DFT, are derived from Percus-Yevick integral equation theory. Our results show a significant influence of spherical additives on liquid crystalline phases formed by ellipsoids. At an ellipsoid length-to-width ratio of 3.0, only the I-N transition is observed, with the SmA phase remaining unstable under all conditions. Increasing the ellipsoidal length-to-width ratio to κ = 4.0 introduces the SmA phase, whose stability depends on the concentration and size of the spherical additives. The stability of the SmA phase decreases with increasing concentration and size of the spheres. Phase diagrams, which are shown in temperature-density and pressure-temperature planes, emphasise the influence of the size of the spherical dopants on the phase stability.

Responding to COVID-19: theorizing European Union governance and health policy

ABSTRACT The European Union experienced several significant crises before the eruption of the COVID-19 pandemic that could result in paradigmatic changes that advance either the EU’s coordination or its disintegration. This paper investigates responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe and explains the policy changes during the crisis using a comparative framework of neo-functionalism and intergovernmentalism in European integration theory. Tracking integration theories and comparing the new dynamics arising from the pandemic, we demonstrate that the pandemic has intensified long-standing trends in EU governance, resulting in the shift in EU governance during the pandemic being interpreted as both a reconceptualization of interests and a reframing of norms. The pandemic is therefore a wake-up call for the EU about the lack of deep European integration and incremental change, particularly with respect to the EU’s relative ineffectiveness in influencing its members’ health policies and reforms.

Approaches to modeling interpersonal complementarity in intensive longitudinal data

Contemporary integrative interpersonal theory (CIIT) posits that successful social interactions are characterized by complementarity: correspondence in interpersonal warmth and reciprocity in interpersonal dominance. Interactions with high complementarity evoke more positive affect and less negative affect. Modeling complementarity is challenging because it requires capturing the interpersonal behavior of individuals along the two dimensions of warmth and dominance. This study compares three approaches—statistical interaction, multilevel response surface analysis, and Euclidean distance—for modeling complementarity across four datasets. The approaches varied in the consistency of findings and proportion of variance explained. Findings suggest the Euclidean approach for parsimony and theoretical coherence, whereas multilevel response surface analysis is preferable for comprehensively modeling the interplay of self and other on the interpersonal dimensions.

Penegakkan Hukum terhadap Pelanggaran HAM di Papua: Diskriminasi Etnis

Racial discrimination and violence against minority communities is prohibited by law, and the protection of minority groups is guaranteed by the Constitution, national laws, as well as international laws or conventions ratified by Indonesia, such as the ICCPR and ICERD. However, cases of violence involving ethnic Papuans are often ignored by the state, even though this is a violation of human rights. This research will use a normative juridical approach by presenting and analyzing the validity of statutory provisions. The socio-legal study in this research will be carried out by analyzing social studies, multidisciplinary social science theories related to the phenomenon of racial discrimination against ethnic Papuans, such as psychology in looking at prejudice and discrimination; Communication Studies; Social Integration and Disintegration Theory; and Social Conflict Theory. The aim of this research is to examine law enforcement using a social science paradigm. This research will review the quality of law enforcement, the extent to which these rules are enforced, and the extent to which law enforcement and the government can fulfill citizens' rights not to be discriminated against. This research shows that discrimination against the Papuan people is caused by racial discrimination in various aspects, including economics, politics, education and law enforcement. The application of anti- discrimination laws must be based on the professionalism of law enforcement officials so as not to give rise to new discrimination in law enforcement. This research recommends that the Indonesian Government increase political will in enforcing anti-discrimination and violence laws in all cases, especially against the Papuan ethnic group. Maximum anti-discrimination law enforcement efforts are needed to realize human rights goals, namely the provision, enforcement and protection of human rights.

High-performance Ti6Al4V surface manufacture by laser carburising-assisted grinding

High-precision Ti6Al4V surfaces with superior properties are in urgent demand in the manufacturing industry. The existing production model that separates surface strengthening from processing has limitations. Therefore, an integrated Ti6Al4V surface machining and strengthening method, laser carburising grinding, is proposed. Remelt layers containing diffusely distributed granular TiC phases are prepared on Ti6Al4V surfaces by coupling laser carburising alloying with grinding processes, improving the material surface's mechanical properties and grindability. Compared with the separated method, the surface shape accuracy is increased by 16 %, the surface hardness reaches 652 HV, and the surface wear resistance is greatly improved. The results improve the surface machining-strengthening integration theory of titanium alloy. The related technology is of great practical significance in guiding production.

Hagedorn temperature from the thermal scalar in AdS and pp-wave backgrounds

We propose a thermal scalar equation of motion (EOM) that takes into account curvature corrections for backgrounds supported by Ramond-Ramond fluxes. This can be used to obtain the Hagedorn temperature for type II string theory on AdS and pp-wave backgrounds. For Ramond-Ramond flux supported pp-waves we show that the proposed thermal scalar EOM reproduces the leading curvature correction in the Hagedorn temperature equation obtained from the type II string theory spectrum. Furthermore, we use the thermal scalar EOM to obtain curvature corrections to the Hagedorn temperature for the AdS5 × S5 and AdS4 × ℂP3 backgrounds. These corrections match with strong coupling results of the integrable dual field theories, recently obtained by the Quantum Spectral Curve technique.

Intrinsic Motivation During Adulthood: A Further Evaluation of the Integrative Theory of Intrinsic Motivation

Intrinsic Motivation During Adulthood: A Further Evaluation of the Integrative Theory of Intrinsic Motivation