Intangible Factors Research Articles

Social Impacts of a Mega-Dam Project as Perceived by Local, Resettled and Displaced Communities: A Case Study of Merowe Dam, Sudan

The paper assesses social impacts of a mega-dam project (Merowe Dam in Sudan) as perceived by host and affected communities (i.e., upstream, downstream, and relocated residents), which is not commonly seen in the literature. Primary survey and interviews were conducted with 300 residents, government officials, the Dam Implementation Unit (DIU), NGOs and other key informants. Five inter-related areas of impact were scrutinized: (a) displacement of communities; (b) resettlement of displaced communities in a new location; (c) technological factors; (d) social mobility factors; and (e) economic and political institutions. Results show that Merowe Dam exerted positive as well as adverse social impacts on local communities. Increase in home sizes, opportunities for children’s schooling and quality of life improvement ranked as the top three positive impacts with residents located downstream scoring relatively higher than relocated and upstream residents. Relocated residents also showed positive attitudes towards the provision of essential services (schools, health facilities, availability of running water, electricity, marketplace, etc.), thereby enabling them to enjoy and flourish in their social lives. The adverse impacts are centered on intangible factors, such as, sentimental effects closely related to their feelings, loss of history, memories, nostalgia about the old place, and grievances regarding compensation packages and its management. Therefore, it is important to recognize the need for long-term monitoring of the resettlement process and provide emotional support to those displaced and resettled. Furthermore, there is also a need to address the livelihood requirements of local communities in the affected region.

Enterprise value management based on the stakeholder approach

The need to ensure the growth of enterprise value in the context of strengthening intangible factors’ role in its formation and maintaining sustainable development of society requires the introduction of new value-oriented management models, taking into account the interests of a wide range of stakeholders.The paper aimed to develop an approach to enterprise value management based on the stakeholder approach. Based on the presented conceptual vision of the enterprise as an SRPR system (stakeholders-resources-processes-results), a two-level system of SRPR value indicators for the main stakeholder groups has been developed, as well as an integral indicator of sustainable economic value added (EVA), which allows assessing the potential growth of enterprise value through a sustainable network of stakeholders. The possibility of using SRPR indicators in the process of planning activities has been substantiated: a model for maximizing EVA is formulated subject to a number of restrictions reflecting the standards of relationships with stakeholders, its transformation into a matrix of SRPR indicators.The results of approbation of the proposed approach by questioning processing and wholesale trade enterprises in the B2B segment are presented, confirming the compliance of the proposed system of indicators with the interests of stakeholders and implementation at Europroject Ukraine LLC, which proved its practical value.The need for further empirical studies of the dependence of EVA on changes in indicators of satisfaction of stakeholders’ interests is emphasized.

Relative Effects of Physical Environment and Employee Performance on Customers’ Emotions, Satisfaction, and Behavioral Intentions in Upscale Restaurants

This study explored the structural relationships among the physical environment, employee performance, and diners’ emotional states, satisfaction, and behavioral intentions, applying the Mehrabian–Russell’s theoretical framework in upscale restaurants. Empirical data were collected from 275 upscale restaurant patrons. The results showed that both intangible (employee service) and tangible (physical environment) factors have significant impacts on diners’ emotional responses (pleasure and arousal), and these emotional responses affect customer satisfaction and behavioral intentions. This study found that the physical environment exerted a greater impact on arousal than employee behavior while employee behavior had a greater impact on pleasure than physical environment. In addition, arousal was found to have a positive influence on pleasure. We discussed managerial and theoretical implications based on these findings.

An Ideal Halalan Toyyiban Food Quality Management (HTFQM) Principles

Technically, the Halalan Toyyiban food quality system has used both conventional and halal standards to control quality. This serves as a greater impact on both technical and Syari'ah elements to enhance the marketability of Halalan Toyyiban food items locally and globally. According to some reports, certain producers could make an immediate profit by committing a food quality control infraction, such as food adulteration. As a result, the purpose of this study is to explore the ideal HTFQM principle that may be used in everyday activities rather than just for product quality. A qualitative inquiry was used to highlight the Halalan Toyyiban component in the Qur'an. The seven ideal principles of HTFQM could be established based on content analysis, considering all aspects of the physical and spiritual as well as material and intangible factors.

Creating a Child-Friendly Environment: An Interpretation of Children’s Drawings from Planned Neighborhood Parks of Lucknow City

The urban environment is a product of many tangible and intangible factors for communities, involving activities, spaces, and users of different age groups. Stakeholder consultation has become an essential part of envisaging any urban space. In general practice, mostly adults’ opinions and suggestions are taken into account, and children are sidelined, even if the issues are related to children. Children are an integral part of the present urbanizing world and are some of its most sensitive and affected users. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child recognizes three P’s: provision, protection, and participation. The third, participation, is a crucial dimension of creating a healthier environment, but it has largely been neglected. The drawing technique is among the methods to gather information directly through the children’s participatory approach. It has been observed that children prefer to express themselves by drawing rather than answering questions and find it easy and enjoyable. This research incorporates drawing as a methodological tool for identifying children’s expectations and understanding their preferences about their ideal neighborhood park. A total of 80 children aged between 6 and 15 years from planned zones of Lucknow city were selected for the research. The results derived from the content and co-relation data analysis techniques highlight that children emphasized physical, perceptional, cognitive, emotional, and social parameters for developing a child-friendly environment in parks and open spaces.

Pengaruh Experiential Marketing terhadap Niat Mengunjungi Kembali di Rumah Makan dengan Kepuasan Konsumen sebagai Variabel Mediasi

This research aims to determine the effect of experiential marketing on the revisit intention at Si Bolang restaurant and customer satisfaction as mediation variables. The population is the customer of Si Bolang restaurant, with a total of respondents 200. The study method is quantitative and data collection using Google Forms online questionnaire. Data analysis used is Path analysis with SPSS version 25 program, and the variables used included experiential marketing, customer satisfaction, and revisit intention. Data analysis conducted are validity, reliability, path analysis, and Sobel. This research shows a significant effect of experiential marketing on revisit intention; subsequently, customer satisfaction has a significant effect on the revisit intention. Next, experiential marketing has a significant effect on revisit intention, and this study concludes that it is proven that customer satisfaction has a role as a mediation variable between experiential marketing and revisit intention. This research is based on current conditions making eating necessary to meet hunger and turning into culinary tourism with lifestyle changes, making the restaurant industry marketing activities focus on atmosphere, design, hospitality, and other intangible factors. It is necessary to pay attention to strategies in providing experiences to consumers, such as improving the taste of food, developing menus, increasing food presentation, increasing restaurant concepts and improving service in order to increase comfort in dining such as eating at home, so that grow a sense of satisfaction and provide encouragement to consumers' intentions to make repeat visits.

Efficiency management of intangible factors of development of the regional economy

Efficiency management of intangible factors of development of the regional economy

The development of an organisational effectiveness model

Orientation: Perceived leadership attributes as seen from a multiple stakeholder perspective have an effect on the quality of relationships (social capital) which in return effects organisational effectiveness. Research purpose: The research aims to build and validate a conceptual model of relationships between perceived leadership attributes (PLAs), social capital (SC) and organisational effectiveness (OE). Motivation for the study: State-owned companies (SOCs) in South Africa are under enormous pressure and plagued by issues such as mismanagement, poor leadership and poor service delivery. Central to these issues is the relationship between leadership and its stakeholders, and how it affects OE. There is lack of theory about the relationships between the concepts PLAs, SC and OE from a multiple stakeholder perspective. Research approach/design and method: Adapted grounded theory, using a two-phased exploratory qualitative approach, with purposive sampling was implemented. Phase 1 included collecting data through focus groups and interviews. A Delphi technique was used to validate the model. Main findings: Multiple stakeholders hold the leadership accountable for demonstrating desirable PLAs such as trust, which builds quality relationships found in SC and factors that lead to OE. Courage, trust and reputation received the highest level of consensus, and several relationships are validated. Practical/managerial implications: Opportunities exist for the SOCs to strengthen important tangible and intangible attributes, quality relationships and factors that will create a successful turnaround. Contribution/value-add: This is the first study to investigate the relationship between PLAs, SC and OE in an SOC by multiple stakeholders, culminating in an actionable, validated model.

Factor Analysis to Form Customer Satisfaction on Building Material Retail

This study aims to determine the factors that shape consumer satisfaction that focuses on retailed building materials. In this study, the case raised is based on retail business UD Semeru (UDS) in Surabaya. There are 27 variables used as factors that are assumed to form consumer satisfaction. The results of this study will be used by UDS to develop a strategic framework that shapes the success of UDS. This research will be based on quantitative research, and uses 71 people as samples. The analytical method that is used is exploratory factor analysis (EFA) by interpreting the data in SPSS application. The results of this study show that tangible factors are the main factor that forms UDS’s customer satisfaction, and the intangible factors show a supporting factor that forms UDS customer satisfaction.

The impacts of intellectual capital on financial performance and value-added of the production evidence from Chile

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the direct impacts on financial performance and the added value of production in family businesses, considering the efficiency of intellectual capital as determining variables. Design/methodology/approach A comparative analysis between family businesses (FB) and non-family businesses (NFB) is proposed to explore significant differences in the impacts on financial performance and added value of companies, through multivariate techniques. It contributes to the literature on the family business, and its performance from an analytical framework that incorporates the theory of intellectual capital and the measurement of its impact. Findings The findings show that the value-added coefficient of intellectual capital (VAICTM) is a determining factor in the financial performance of companies and, to a greater extent, in the FB than in their NFB counterparts. It is also verified that the efficiency of intellectual capital in the FB has a direct and greater relationship with the value added of production (VAEmp), with respect to non-family businesses, being an important factor in predicting the performance of companies. Practical implications The findings allow us to conclude the importance of efficient management of intangible factors in companies, such as intellectual capital, becoming a competitive advantage factor. Originality/value The document explores the relationship and impact of VAICTM in family businesses that belong to an emerging economy and demonstrates the existence of differences between FB and NFB, at the level of intangible factors under a comparative analysis.

Factors Influencing People's Response Toward Tiger Translocation in Satkosia Tiger Reserve, Eastern India

Local communities are an important stakeholder in any carnivore translocation programme and therefore, their acceptance of the translocation and support are essential to ensure its viability. Recent tiger augmentation efforts in Satkosia Tiger Reserve, India received mixed responses from the local communities, causing a stalemate in its progress. As a part of the adaptive management strategy, it was required to assess the concerns and issues to provide a practical solution. Hence, we analyzed the attitude of the people toward conservation in general and tiger specifically. We used structured questionnaire surveys and interviewed 1,932 households from 43 villages located in and around the reserve. We tested the influence of several variables representing four categories- (1) socio-economic, (2) ecosystem values and dependence, (3) relationship with the forest department and (4) losses and fear, on the attitude toward tiger conservation. The villages were clustered based on the responses received under these categories. While conserving forest was important to 91% of respondents, 71% of respondents supported wildlife conservation and only 35% felt important to conserve tiger. The logistic binary regression predicted that at the household level attitude toward tiger conservation is influenced positively by economic well-being, sense of forest ecosystem services, resource dependence and negatively influenced by restrictions from the forest department, and previous experience of loss due to wildlife. At the village level, literacy, resource dependence, access to clean cooking fuel and cooperation from the forest department predicted a positive attitude toward tiger conservation. Restriction from the forest department, fear for livestock, and experience of losses due to wildlife had a negative influence on attitude. We recommend that the villages in the landscape are prioritized based on their needs and accordingly, specific interventions are made to address their concerns. Future augmentation programme must give importance to intangible factors such as fear and perceived restrictions and opt for the involvement of the local community in the decision-making process.

PECULIARITIES OF RESOURCE PROVISION OF SOCIAL PROTECTION OF THE POPULATION OF UKRAINE

On the way to decentralization in order to achieve the goals of territorial development and local needs, local authorities can not do without having complete and comprehensive information on the full range of local resources and their effective management. Considering the resource potential of the region as a set of the whole range of resources that are formed in a given area and can be used in the process of socio-economic development and characterized by saturation of factors of production (natural resources, labor, fixed assets, infrastructure, etc.) and intangible factors, it is clear that it is a prerequisite for the implementation of development programs in the region. For the most part, the resource provision of the process of implementation of socio-economic development programs of the region is reduced to financial support, but in order to achieve the goals of such development, the use of non-monetary resources is no less important.The article identifies the components of resource provision of social protection at the local level, including: economic resources (financial and logistical); regulatory resources (regulatory framework, methodology); administrative resource; innovation resource; information resource. Problematic aspects of resource provision are outlined, among which: insufficient financing and low efficiency of budget funds use; lack of interest in finding additional sources of income; too extensive system of social benefits and privileges; disunity of institutions providing social services; insufficient integration and decentralization of services; low innovation of the sphere; insufficient use of information resources. Tools for improving the management of social protection resources are proposed.

Advancing racial justice in patient care encounters—yes, we can!

Advancing racial justice in patient care encounters—yes, we can!

Motivation Configuration of Bluxury Tourism Behavior: An FsQCA Application

This study investigates the motivation configuration of bluxury tourism behavior. According to complexity theory and push and pull motivation theory, we establish a framework of complex configuration conditions, including push forces, pull forces, and constraints that lead to bluxury tourism. Based on fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis, we identified seven main motivation configurations of bluxury tourism behavior covering three core factors: physical factors, seeking/exploration in push forces, and intangible factors in pull forces. In addition, combinations of constraints in the configuration demonstrate various paths leading to bluxury tourism behavior. These findings provide unique insight into bluxury tourism participation.

Exploring the relationship between the length of stay and various determinants at one of the best European destinations

Studies scrutinizing the tangible and intangible factors regarding the length of stay (LOS) in a destination are rare. The emotional factors have not always been integrated into this analysis. We have contributed to fill this gap in the literature considering the degree of happiness with the tourist destination. We used a sample of 1253 tourists and three regression models were estimated (OLS regression model, a Weibull survival model and a zero-truncated negative binomial) to study the LOS. We verified that the emotional factor related with happiness affects the LOS. Furthermore, regarding the managerial/practical implications it is important to highlight that the tourists who intend to visit the city have gastronomic and wine experiences, and, through their contact with the cultural heritage of the city, they will stay for a longer period of time. In addition to economic factors, as expenditures, there are also emotional and experiential aspects that influence LOS and these have to be included in the communication of a tourist destination. The attributes of a destination are not enough to influence the LOS. The destination must also be a set of experiences that will increase the happiness of the tourist with the destination.

Research on factors affecting the competitiveness of Nghi Son economic zone, Thanh Hoa province

Competitiveness plays a key role in creating the prosperity, efficiency, and productivity of an economic zone. This study is conducted to build and verify a scale of factors affecting the competitiveness of Nghi Son economic zone, Thanh Hoa province. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods are applied. The collected data includes 108 enterprises operating in Nghi Son economic zone. After screening, the data is processed through the exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and description statistics to consider as a basis for the weighting scales. The research results indicate that: there are 4 groups of factors that directly affect the competitiveness of the economic zone, including: availability of the economic zone, the role of the economic zone management board, competitiveness platform at EZ level, and competitiveness platform at the enterprise level. The assessment of the importance of factor groups shows that the groups of indicators related to the advantage of input production factors are underestimated the role of intangible factors related to competing capability.

Value co-creation and social media: Investigating antecedents and influencing factors in the U.S. retail banking industry

This study seeks to examine and unearth antecedents to co-creation behaviours within a U.S. retail banking context. A critical aspect for marketing managers and academics alike, co-creation has a strong influence on tangible factors such as profit and intangible factors such as referrals, satisfaction and feedback. Antecedents were identified as trust, customer engagement and participation attitude whilst social media usage was a consumer characteristic identified as influencing co-creation. Data was collected from 489 U.S. retail banking customers via an online survey. The data was analysed via structural equation modelling. The findings indicate that customer engagement influences trust, co-creation and participation attitude. Participation attitude was found to influence trust and co-creation but trust had no direct effect on co-creation. The study further found that social media usage intensity influenced co-creation behaviours. The findings contribute in three ways. First, this is one of the first studies to scrutinise participation attitude in an attempt to explain co-creation behaviours for U.S. banks over social media. Second, identification of precursors to value co-creation has been ascertained in a U.S. retail banking social media context. Third, the study additionally contributes to the findings that social media usage has a moderating effect in value co-creation and offers a potential segmentation strategy.

Evolution of Entrepreneur Women From Traditional Companies to E-Business

The need to implement innovations for the growth of SMEs lies in the need to create favorable conditions and the conducive environment for women entrepreneurs to develop the potential of their businesses. The study will be presented from the opinion of the experts composed of founders and CEOs of exponential certified SMEs from developing countries in the artisanal sector. It will expose the tangible and intangible factors that influence decision-making from the perspective of neuroeconomy. The study sets out the opinions of experts, who are decision makers in companies. They were analyzed as they sought to analyze what factors they use to be businesses validated by international NGOs to give them their certification.

Development of a Methodology for Assessing the Technical Level of Cultural Heritage Objects in Construction

Cultural objects (building and construction) that are considered as the most valuable segment of real estate in terms of historical heritage usually evaluated only by monetary aspects. Not concreteness of the approaches to the determination of the historical heritage objects leads to the fact that its original value often remains unread, the assessment has subjective character, reflects the values of certain time frame and place. Therefore, for the purpose of determination of value of the historical heritage objects, there is need for the creation of the unified classification system of their assessment. Thus, this research is considered to be very relevant. The paper investigates intangible factors that affect the evaluation of cultural heritage objects in construction. In the work a system of value indicators, which take into account not only tangible indicators but also the intangible value of cultural heritage objects, has been developed. Developed indicators system makes it possible to evaluate the historical and cultural value of real estate objects quite objectively on the contrary to common methods which deal only with monetary aspects of market price of such objects. A methodology for a comprehensive evaluation of cultural heritage objects has been formed as well. This methodology is based on both the traditional comparative approach and the system of value indicators. As a result, suggested integrated approach has been proven to provide fair evaluation of both the tangible and intangible characteristics and improve the quality of cultural heritage objects assessment process. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091680 Full Text: PDF

Підприємницькі структури цифрової економіки та проблеми оцінювання ефективності їхньої діяльності

The peculiarities of the digital economy enterprises are analyzed, their main advantages and risks are established. Factors and problems of value formation of such enterprises are determined. The criteria for evaluating the efficiency of digital economy enterprises are substantiated, as well as the methods and indicators that should be used for this purpose. The peculiarities of the relations of these enterprises with stakeholders and the need to take them into account when evaluating the results of activities are revealed. A feature of the modern economy is the introduction of digital technologies in all business processes of economic entities, as well as the separation of the entire sector of the economy associated with the creation of products and services using these technologies – enterprises of the digital economy. Resource support for the operation of such enterprises covers mainly intangible factors of production, products have a virtual (digital) nature with a rapid rate of aging, and the activity itself –global dissemination. These and other factors necessitate the development of new or improvement of existing tools for assessing the financial position and performance of enterprises of the digital economy. The purpose of the article is to identify the consequences of digitalization of business processes for businesses, highlight the features of the digital economy, identify problems in assessing the effectiveness of their activities and financial condition, as well as substantiate proposals for their solution based on financial and non-financial indicators. Taking into account the listed features and factors of functioning of enterprises of digital economy the basic criteria of the estimation of a condition and results of their activity are formulated, directions of adaptation of methods of the strategic and marketing analysis are proved and indicators which should be used in the course of realization of these methods are offered. It is established that when identifying and determining the results of the digital economy the impact of the relationship with stakeholders should be taken into account.. Indicators of evaluation of innovative activity and innovative potential of these enterprises are offered, the peculiarities of conducting a financial analysis of their activities taking into account the factors of generating economic benefits are revealed.