Insufficient Power Research Articles

Long-term effects of group rights to fisheries: Evaluating the Western Alaska Community Development Quota program

Restricting access to fisheries and other common property resources through creation of individual transferable rights has been documented to create wealth and promote conservation, but has also reduced employment and increased inequality in fishing communities. Creating group rights instead of individual rights has been suggested as an alternative strategy that could realize the benefits with diminished social cost; however, little independent evaluation of actual implementations of group rights to fisheries has occurred. The Western Alaska Community Development Quota (CDQ) program represents an example of allocation of group fishery rights to six not-for-profit organizations representing 65 small, largely Indigenous coastal communities. Using a unique data set of individual and household survey records spanning more than 25 years, we applied a difference-in-differences approach to measure changes in a variety of social and economic indicators, including Indigenous language use and educational attainment, employment, earnings, income, and poverty status, while controlling for demographic and general economic changes over the years. We found significant differences in outcomes for individuals and households in CDQ-participating communities from those residing in nearby communities ineligible for participation. Differences were especially pronounced for earnings and income. Results suggest that group rights can provide significant social benefits. The relatively small community populations provides insufficient power to determine statistically whether the benefits of the CDQ program have been increasing or diminishing over the years, or whether some communities have benefited more than others.

Demand Response Strategy Considering Industrial Loads and Energy Storage with High Proportion of Wind-Power Integration.

To address the challenges of reduced grid stability and wind curtailment caused by high penetration of wind energy, this paper proposes a demand response strategy that considers industrial loads and energy storage under high wind-power integration. Firstly, the adjustable characteristics of controllable resources in the power system are analyzed, and a demand response scheduling framework based on energy storage systems and industrial loads is established. Building on this foundation, a multi-scenario stochastic programming approach is employed to develop a day-ahead and intra-day multi-time-scale optimization scheduling model, aimed at maximizing economic benefits. In response to the challenges of wind-power fluctuations with high temporal resolution, a strategy for smoothing intra-day wind-power variability is further proposed. Finally, simulations are conducted to derive optimal demand response strategies for different stages. As verified by the comparison of different scheduling strategies, the demand response strategy proposed in this paper can reduce wind curtailment when there is sufficient wind power and reduce load shedding when there is insufficient wind power, which effectively reduces the system operation cost.

Probiotics in Health Care: A Critical Appraisal.

Consumption of probiotic products continues to increase, perhaps driven by an interest in gut health. However, the field is filled with controversy, inconsistencies, misuse of terminology, and poor communication. While the probiotic concept is biologically plausible and in some cases mechanistically well established, extrapolation of preclinical results to humans has seldom been proven in well-conducted clinical trials. With noteworthy exceptions, clinical guidance has often been derived not from large, adequately powered clinical trials but rather from comparisons of disparate, small studies with insufficient power to identify the optimal strain. The separation of probiotics from live biotherapeutic products has brought some clarity from a regulatory perspective, but in both cases, consumers should expect scientific rigor and strong supporting evidence for health claims.

Micronutrients and Major Depression: A Mendelian Randomisation Study.

Various vitamins and minerals have been implicated in the aetiology of depression. To estimate the effects of micronutrient exposures on major depressive disorder (MDD) and recurrent depression (rMDD) using Mendelian randomisation (MR), a method using genetic data to estimate causal effects given certain assumptions. We undertook a comprehensive bidirectional MR study of multiple micronutrient exposures on MDD and rMDD. Summary statistics were obtained from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of MDD (cases = 116,209; controls = 314,566) and rMDD (cases = 17,451; controls = 62,482). None of the micronutrients with available genetic instruments were strongly associated with MDD or rMDD using traditional MR methods. However, using methods to increase analytical power by accounting for genetically correlated variants (e.g., cIVW) highlighted five micronutrients with possible causal effects. Point estimates for rMDD were the largest magnitude, with three micronutrients suggestive of a protective effect: serum iron (ORcIVW 0.90 per SD increase; 95% CI 0.85-0.95; p = 0.0003); erythrocyte copper (ORcIVW 0.97; 95% CI 0.95-0.99; p = 0.0004); and 25(OH) vitamin D (ORcIVW 0.81; 0.66-0.99; p = 0.04). Apparent adverse effects of increased selenium on the risk of MDD (ORcIVW 1.03; 95% CI 1.02-1.05; p = 0.0003) and rMDD (ORcIVW 1.08; 95% CI 1.00-1.08; p = 0.06), and serum magnesium on rMDD (ORcIVW 1.21; 1.01-1.44; p = 0.04); were less consistent between methods and may be driven by pleiotropy. Our results suggest weak evidence for a protective effect of iron, copper and 25(OH)D on major depressive outcomes, with mixed evidence for selenium and magnesium. There was no evidence to support a causal effect of any other micronutrients on MDD or rMDD, although genetic instruments were lacking, with insufficient power to detect small but important effects. Future micronutrient supplementation trials should ensure ample statistical power given modest causal effect estimates and consider potential risks of supplementation, as some micronutrient effect estimates suggested potential harm in excess.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) outcomes in randomised controlled trials for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)

Abstract Introduction ESC guidelines recognise the under use of disease-specific health-related quality of life (HRQoL) instruments. These include CAMPHOR, PAH-SYMPACT, Emphasis-10 and Living with Pulmonary Hypertension (LPH). Patients highly value HRQoL as a treatment outcome in PAH. This is the first meta-analysis to evaluate HRQoL instruments and outcomes in RCTs in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Purpose To evaluate which PAH-RCT interventions improve HRQoL outcomes and compare the suitability of HRQoL instruments used. Method We searched MEDLINE (Jan 1970 to Dec 2023) and Cochrane Library from Jan 1990 to Dec 2023 (EMBASE, CT.gov, ICTRP, CINAHL) for RCTs in PAH. Abstracts and unpublished studies were excluded and PRISMA reporting structure followed. Trials meeting final selection criteria included HRQoL instruments sufficiently powered to detect a minimal clinically important difference (MCID). Effective sample sizes were calculated in GPower3.1 from a two independent means model for 80% power, 5% significance, one-tailed test. Meta-analysis was performed in SPSSv28.1. Full search criteria are registered on PROSPERO (ID: CRD42024484021). Results After removal of duplicates, 896 records were screened, 43 studies included a HRQoL endpoint. 8 studies were included in the meta-analysis after exclusion for insufficient data (n=10) or power (n=25). 3 of these did not meet the MCID (>33m) for six-minute walk distance (6MWD) and evaluated separately to discriminate accuracy of HRQoL instrument. Instruments available for comparison were Short Form-36(SF-36), EuroQol (EQ-5D-5L) and Living with Pulmonary Hypertension (LPH). Studies not reaching MCID for 6MWD also showed no change in HRQoL (figure 1). Ambrisentan and exercise training demonstrate a significant improvement (p<0.05) in SF-36 physical(P) component (figure 2). This component was anchored to determine 6MWD MCID; other HRQoL values responded variably. Utility weighting to account for geographical variation was not reported with EQ-5D-5L and SF-36 in multicentre studies however AIR 2002 (Iloprost) was significant for both EQ-5D-5L instruments. The total component score of the disease-specific LPH was more sensitive to functional improvements and overall change in HRQoL compared to EQ-5D-5L (p<0.05). Conclusion Fewer than 10% of all RCTs in PAH have adequately considered a HRQoL outcome measure. 8 RCTs were powered to assess HRQoL. Iloprost, ambrisentan, riociguat and exercise training interventions demonstrate significant improvement in HRQoL. LPH was the only PAH-instrument powered to detect change. LPH was more sensitive to HRQoL than generic instruments and is multidimensional. Geographical indexing should be considered for generic instruments such as EQ-5D-5L and SF-36 in multicentre trials. As a highly valued outcome for patients, future studies should prioritise HRQoL as an endpoint.Figure 1Figure 2

Real world economic evaluation of CT-FFR in patients with suspected coronary artery disease

Abstract Background Incorporation of CT-derived fractional flow reserve (CT-FFR) enhances the precision of Coronary CT Angiography (CCTA) to detect hemodynamically significant coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the financial consequences remain unclear. Purpose Our objective is to assess the economic implications of CT-FFR in the Dutch Healthcare system. Methods This retrospective, single-center cost effectiveness analysis includes patient data of a previously published study assessing the impact of routine CT-FFR availability on clinical management. We collected medical resource use for both diagnostic and therapeutic cardiovascular care with a follow-up duration of 1 year. Costs of CT-FFR analysis were set at €1000, its current price for Dutch hospitals. Median total costs at were compared using the Wilcoxon rank sum test, including a sensitivity analysis in which cost estimations (without registered maximum tariffs) were increased or decreased with 10%. Results A total of 360 patients, classified as having low to intermediate risk of CAD, were enrolled in the study – 224 in the CCTA group and 136 in the CT-FFR group. In addition to undergoing more (invasive) diagnostic testing and revascularization procedures over the studied period, patients in the CCTA-group had more outpatient clinic consultations (p<0.001), presented more frequently to the emergency department (p=0.035) and spend more nights in the hospital (p=0.11). Median costs were €3.347 (IQR €1.066 – €4.862) in the CCTA-group and €1.436 (IQR €1.362 - €3.943) in the CT-FFR group (p=0.091). Increasing cost estimation with 10% revealed a median of €3.431 in the CCTA-group versus €1.479 in the CT-FFR group (p=0.078), decreasing with 10% showed median costs of €3.263 in the CCTA-group and €1.392 in the CT-FFR group (p=0.118). In our sample, CT-FFR guided care would have been significantly cheaper than CCTA-guided care at or below a market price of €770. Conclusion Despite the significant reduction in additional diagnostic testing and hospital visits in the CT-FFR group, CT-FFR guided care was not cheaper than CCTA-guided care at its current market price of €1.000. Economic cost-effectiveness would have occurred from a price of €770 per analysis. The large difference between medians suggests that the lack of significance might partially be attributed to insufficient power in this relatively small sample size. Additionally, this study did not account for costs associated with loss of productivity and quality of life. However, less additional diagnostic testing, less revascularization procedures and less hospital consultations and admissions leads to reduction in hospital resource consumption and patient burden, which is an important advantage of CT-FFR as the number of referred patients increases yearly.

Insulin Resistance, Hyperinsulinemia and Atherosclerosis: Insights into Pathophysiological Aspects and Future Therapeutic Prospects.

Insulin resistance describes the lack of activity of a known quantity of insulin (exogenous or endogenous) to promote the uptake of glucose and its utilization in an individual, as much as it does in metabolically normal individuals. On the cellular level, it suggests insufficient power of the insulin pathway (from the insulin receptor downstream to its final substrates) that is essential for multiple mitogenic and metabolic aspects of cellular homeostasis. Atherosclerosis is a slow, complex, and multifactorial pathobiological process in medium to large arteries and involves several tissues and cell types (immune, vascular, and metabolic cells). Inflammatory responses and immunoregulation are key players in its development and progression. This paper examines the possible pathophysiological mechanisms that govern the connection of insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and the closely associated cardiometabolic syndrome with atherosclerosis, after exploring thoroughly both in vitro and in vivo (preclinical and clinical) evidence. It also discusses the importance of visualizing and developing novel therapeutic strategies and targets for treatment, to face this metabolic state through its genesis.

Research on mobile energy storage scheduling strategy for emergency power supply protection of post-disaster isolated loads

Aiming at the problem of insufficient power supply capacity of isolated loads in oceanic islands, a concept based on mobile energy storage and power conservation is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the energy flow and traffic flow characteristics of mobile energy storage are quantitatively analyzed, and an accurate mathematical model is established. Furthermore, the time-space distribution characteristics of load are carefully considered, and the Voronoi diagram and Tyson polygon method are introduced to determine cell differentiation. On this basis, combined with the power demand of load nodes and the energy storage characteristics of mobile energy storage vehicles, the evaluation indicators of cell energy and relative surplus energy of cells are designed, and the agent-cellular automata algorithm is used to schedule the mobile energy storage. The simulation results show that the power supply mode based on mobile energy storage can effectively improve the reliability of isolated loads. This paper provides a new perspective for solving the reliable power supply problem of isolated loads.

Individual Participant Data Meta-analysis: Individual Differences in Mediators of Parenting Program Effects on Disruptive Behavior

Although parenting programs are the most widely used approach to reduce children's disruptive behavior, there is a notable lack of understanding of the exact changes in parenting that underlie their effects. Challenges include the frequent use of composite measures of parenting behavior, and insufficient power to detect mediation effects and individual differences in these in individual trials. We pooled individual participant data from 14 European randomized controlled trials of social learning-based parenting programs to examine which specific parenting behaviors best explain program effects. Participants were 3,252 families with children aged 1 to 13 years. As putative mediators, we included parental use of praise, tangible rewards, physical discipline, harsh verbal discipline, and not following through on discipline. Additionally, we explored whether subgroups of families showing different mediational pathways exist. Changes in parenting partially mediated program effects, with all included parenting behaviors, except parental use of praise, serving as unique mediators. Less harsh verbal discipline and increased following through on discipline were the strongest mediators. We identified three subgroups with distinct responses to parenting programs. Most families benefited, partly through increased following through on discipline; those with the least or most difficulties were more likely to benefit less, or not at all. Our findings offer insight into the specific parenting behavior changes key to reducing disruptive child behavior, while highlighting the need for innovative research methodologies to gain a deeper understanding of individual differences in parenting program benefits and mechanisms.

Reconciling founder variant multiplicity of HIV-1 infection with the rate of CD4+ decline.

HIV-1 transmission precipitates a stringent genetic bottleneck, with 75% of new infections initiated by a single genetic variant. Where multiple variants initiate infection, recipient set point viral load (SpVL) and the rate of CD4+ T cell decline may be elevated, but these findings remain inconsistent. Here, we summarised the evidence for this phenomenon, then tested whether previous studies possessed sufficient statistical power to reliably identify a true effect of multiple variant infection leading to higher SpVL. Next, we combined models of HIV-1 transmission, heritability and disease progression to understand whether available data suggest a faster CD4+ T cell decline would be expected to associated with multiple variant infection, without an explicit dependency between the two. First, we found that most studies had insufficient power to identify a true significant difference, prompting an explanation for previous inconsistencies. Next, our model framework revealed we would not expect to observe a positive association between multiple variant infections and faster CD4+ T cell decline, in the absence of an explicit dependency. Consequently, while empirical evidence may be consistent with a positive association between multiple variant infection and faster CD4+ T cell decline, further investigation is required to establish a causal basis.

Static reconfiguration method of photovoltaic array based on improved competence square

Partial shading can reduce the power output of a photovoltaic (PV) array due to mismatch losses. Therefore, various static and dynamic reconfiguration techniques have been proposed to address this problem. Although dynamic reconfiguration methods are fast and flexible, they face challenges such as complex hardware circuits and high costs. In contrast, static reconfiguration methods simplify control complexity, improve system stability, and significantly reduce costs. Among the existing static reconfiguration techniques, the competence square (CS) method, which changes the physical positions of PV panels without modifying the total cross tied (TCT) based electrical connections, has been introduced to enhance power generation. However, this arrangement faces drawbacks due to the lack of effective chromatic dispersion and insufficient power enhancement under shading conditions. This paper proposes an improved competence square (ICS) reconfiguration method to further improve the power output. The ICS method first reconfigures the PV array using the CS method, then applies the lo shu (LS) method for secondary reconfiguration to determine the optimal connections. This method is compared with TCT, CS and improved northern goshawk optimization (INGO) methods. Additionally, the performance of the proposed method is evaluated against various existing photovoltaic array configurations by comparing the global maximum power point (GMPP), fill factor (FF), mismatch loss (ML), and power enhancement (PE). The experiment shows that under shading conditions of square shading, rectangle shading, trapezoid shading, triangle shading, L-shaped shading, cross shading, discontinuous shading, and irregular shading, reconfiguring PV arrays using ICS consistently achieves the highest power improvement. Compared to TCT, the power output increases significantly by 16.6%, 2.1%, 18.0%, 16.0%, 19.1%, 5.0%, 4.0%, and 3.0%, respectively. Comparison results validate the proposed ICS method in enhancing the global maximum power under shaded conditions.

The causal relationship between cholecystectomy and IBD/IBS and the role of bile acids and gut microbiota: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study

ObjectiveThis study aims to explore the causal relationship between cholecystectomy and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)/irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and the role of serum bile acids and gut microbiota in this context.MethodsUtilizing genetic variant data from previous Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS), this study employed a two-sample MR approach to assess the causal effect of cholecystectomy on IBD/IBS.ResultsThe MR analysis suggested a potential negative causal relationship between cholecystectomy and UC (p = 0.0233, OR 0.9773, 95%CI 0.9581–0.9969) and a positive causal relationship between cholecystectomy and IBS (p = 0.0395, OR 4.077, 95%CI 1.0699–15.5362). Various sensitivity analyses reinforced the reliability of the causal relationship. However, the analysis did not find definitive results between serum bile acids or gut microbiota and cholecystectomy or IBD/IBS, possibly due to insufficient statistical power. MVMR find a causal relationship between bile acids and IBS (p = 0.0015, b = 0.4085) and UC (p = 0.0198, b = 0.0029).ConclusionThis study provides evidence of a causal relationship between cholecystectomy and IBD/IBS, highlighting the potential risk reduction for UC and increased risk for IBS following cholecystectomy. The role of bile acids and gut microbiota in this relationship remains unclear, necessitating further research to validate the causality and explore underlying mechanisms.

Oxygen Vacancy Engineering and Constructing Built-In Electric Field in Fe-g-C3N4/Bi2MoO6 Z-Scheme Heterojunction for Boosting Photo-Fenton Catalytic Degradation Performance of Tetracycline.

A novel Fe-g-C3N4/Bi2MoO6 (FCNB) Z-scheme heterojunction enriched with oxygen vacancy is constructed and employed for the photo-Fenton degradation of tetracycline (TC). The 2% FCNB demonstrates prominent catalytic performance and mineralization efficiency for TC wastewater, showing activity of 8.20 times greater than that of pure photocatalytic technology. Density-functional theory (DFT) calculations and degradation experiments confirm that the formation of Fe-N4 sites induces spin-polarization in the material, and the difference in Fermi energy levels results in the formation of built-in electric field at the contact interface, which facilitates the continuous generation and migration of photogenerated carriers to address the issue of insufficient cycling power of Fe (III)/Fe (II).The reactive radicals persistently target the extremely reactive sites anticipated by the Fukui function, causing the mineralization of TC molecules into "non-toxic" compounds through processes of hydroxylation, demethylation, and deamidation. This work holds significant importance in the domain of eliminating organic pollutants from water.

A randomized controlled trial of a novel home-based palliative care program: A report of a trial that could not be completed.

In response to a growing need for accessible, efficient, and effective palliative care services, we designed, implemented, and evaluated a novel palliative care at home (PC@H) model for people with serious illness that is centered around a community health worker, a registered nurse, and a social worker, with an advanced practice nurse and a physician for support. Our objectives were to measure the impact of receipt of PC@H on patient symptoms, quality of life, and healthcare utilization and costs. We enrolled 136 patients with serious illness in this parallel, randomized controlled trial. Our primary outcome was change in symptom burden at 6 weeks. Secondary outcomes included change in symptom burden at 3 months, change in quality of life at 6 weeks and 3 months, estimated using a group t-test. In an exploratory aim, we examined the impact of PC@H on healthcare utilization and cost using a generalized linear model. PC@H resulted in a greater improvement in patient symptoms at 6 weeks (1.30 score improvement, n = 37) and 3 months (3.14 score improvement, n = 21) compared with controls. There were no differences in healthcare utilization and costs between the two groups. Unfortunately, due to the COVID-19 pandemic and a loss of funding, the trial was not able to be completed as originally intended. A palliative care at home model that leverages community health workers, registered nurses, and social workers as the primary deliverers of care may result in improved patient symptoms and quality of life compared with standard care. We did not demonstrate significant differences in healthcare utilization and cost associated with receipt of PC@H, likely due to inability to reach the intended sample size and insufficient statistical power, due to elements beyond the investigators' control such as the COVID-19 public health emergency and changes in grant funding.

Mechanical Strain, Temperature, and Misalignment Effects on Data Communication between Piezoceramic Ultrasonic Transducers.

Acoustic waves can be used for wireless telemetry as an alternative to situations where electrical or optical penetrators are unsuitable. However, the response of the ultrasonic transducer can be greatly affected by temperature variations, mechanical deformations, misalignment between transducers, and multiple layers in the propagation zone. Therefore, this work sought to quantify such influences on communication between ultrasonic transducers. The experimental measurements were performed at the frequency where power transfer is maximized. Moreover, there were four experimental models, each with its own performed setup. The ultrasonic transducers are attached to both sides of a 6 mm thick stainless-steel plate for configuring just one barrier. Multiple layers of transducers are attached to the outer side of two plates immersed in an acoustic fluid with a 100 mm thick barrier. In both cases, the S21 parameter was used to quantify the influence of the physical barrier because it correlates with the power flow between ports that return after a given excitation. The results showed that when a maximum deformation of 1250 μm/m was applied, the amplitude of the S21 parameter varied around +0.7 dB. Furthermore, increasing the temperature from 30 to 100 °C slightly affected the S21 (+0.8 dB), but the signal decayed quickly for temperatures beyond 100 °C. Additionally, the ultrasonic communication with a multiple layer was found to occur under misalignment with an intersection area of up to 40%. None of the factors evaluated resulted in insufficient power transfer, except for a large misalignment between the transducers. Such results indicate that this type of communication can be a robust alternative, with a minimum alignment of 40% between transducers and electrical penetrators.

Information Gap Decision-Making Theory-Based Medium- and Long-Term Optimal Dispatching of Hydropower-Dominated Power Grids in a Market Environment

In the high-proportion hydropower market, the fairness of the execution of traded electricity and clean energy consumption are two issues that need to be considered in medium- and long-term dispatching. Aiming at the fairness of medium- and long-term optimal dispatching of hydropower-dominated grids and the problem of water abandonment in the power market environment, this paper proposes a medium- and long-term optimal dispatching method for hydropower-dominated grids based on the information gap decision-making theory (IGDT). Firstly, IGDT is used to establish a two-layer model of medium- and long-term optimal dispatching that considers runoff uncertainty, in which the lower layer solves the maximum value of the maximum difference in the contract power completion rate of the power stations, and the upper layer solves the maximum fluctuation range of the interval inflow. Then, a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP)-based single-layer optimization model is obtained through a variety of linearization techniques, and the model is solved via the CPLEX solver (version 12.10.0). The medium- and long-term optimal dispatching of 10 thermal power stations and 22 hydropower stations in Yunnan Power Grid, China, is taken as an example to verify the proposed model. The results show that the maximum difference in the contracted electricity completion rate of each power station is 0.412, and the amount of abandoned hydropower is reduced by 81.33% compared to when the abandoned water penalty function is not considered. It is proved that the proposed model can effectively alleviate the problems of excessive power generation, insufficient power generation and large-scale hydropower abandonment, which are of great significance for realizing the fair dispatching of hydropower-dominated power grids and promoting clean energy consumption in the market environment.

Performance indicators of the red grouper (Epinephelus morio) fishery along the Yucatan coast, Southeast Mexico

This study assesses the Fishery Performance Indicators (FPI) of the red grouper fishery, currently overexploited, aiming to identify factors for sustainable management and economic growth. Evaluation spans commercial and recreational fishing activities and encompasses output indicators focusing on ecology, economy, and community, through 68 metrics, including measures related to stock abundance, ecosystem impacts (e.g., habitat degradation, bycatch rates), and social aspects (e.g., community participation in management). Input indicators assess enabling conditions such as diseases, water quality, air pollution, biodiversity, etc. Scoring involved reviewing fishery data and information from various sources including scientific literature, technical reports from workshops and meetings, journalistic notes, databases, and unpublished data; with each metric scored according to its specific system. The red grouper fishery exhibits strengths in harvest and community involvement but grapples with stock and ecological concerns. Medium-size fleet perform adequately, yet challenges arise from aging vessels and market fluctuations. Artisanal fleet encounter issues like illegal fishing and economic struggles, while recreational fishing faces stock and ecological worries. Persistent environmental and governance challenges underscore deficiencies in management practices and fishing markets. Enhancing the red grouper fishery requires fair pricing, effective stock management, and sustainability efforts in co-management, fisheries management, and post-harvest processes. Improving gear selectivity is crucial for effective stock management, involving minimizing catches of juvenile red grouper and incidental species. Insufficient bargaining power results in an unfair market and disadvantages for fishermen, leading to losses. To address these issues, it is essential to diversify market channels, stabilize prices, and advocate for fair pricing mechanisms. Empowering fishermen through collective bargaining and regulating credit agreements can ensure fairness. Additionally, policy interventions are necessary to support fishermen and foster a more equitable industry.

Diamond‐Structured Fabric‐Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Energy Harvesting and Healthcare Application

AbstractWearable technology is experiencing remarkable progress, prompting the need for sustainable power sources like triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). However, integrating TENGs into fabrics and insufficient power outputs that allows for comfortable wear without obstructing user's movements presents a significant challenge. In this study, a novel kind of diamond‐structured fabric‐based triboelectric nanogenerators (DSF‐TENGs) is introduced utilizing an easy, economical, and scalable weaving method without any chemical modification. Owing to its 3D diamond pattern, surface interactions are enhanced for greater charge generation together with strengthened mechanical engagement for more effective charge transfer. The DSF‐TENG, with its unique self‐resilient structure, achieves impressive electric performance, including output voltage of ≈763 V, short‐circuit current of ≈20.4 µA, and power density of 2862.78 mW m−2, which is multiple times higher than most existing fabric‐based TENGs. It also offers excellent air permeability of 560 mm s−1, consistent electricity generation and sensing even after ten washing cycles, and incredible durability, withstanding over 30 000 cycles. Furthermore, DSF‐TENG is included in an insole that is capable of sensing gait patterns, walking speed, and fall detections of patients with Parkinson's disease. The remarkable power generation capabilities of DSF‐TENG indicate a strong potential for future developments in wearable electronics and healthcare applications.

Anti-Jamming Resource-Allocation Method in the EH-CIoT Network through LWDDPG Algorithm.

In the Energy-Harvesting (EH) Cognitive Internet of Things (EH-CIoT) network, due to the broadcast nature of wireless communication, the EH-CIoT network is susceptible to jamming attacks, which leads to a serious decrease in throughput. Therefore, this paper investigates an anti-jamming resource-allocation method, aiming to maximize the Long-Term Throughput (LTT) of the EH-CIoT network. Specifically, the resource-allocation problem is modeled as a Markov Decision Process (MDP) without prior knowledge. On this basis, this paper carefully designs a two-dimensional reward function that includes throughput and energy rewards. On the one hand, the Agent Base Station (ABS) intuitively evaluates the effectiveness of its actions through throughput rewards to maximize the LTT. On the other hand, considering the EH characteristics and battery capacity limitations, this paper proposes energy rewards to guide the ABS to reasonably allocate channels for Secondary Users (SUs) with insufficient power to harvest more energy for transmission, which can indirectly improve the LTT. In the case where the activity states of Primary Users (PUs), channel information and the jamming strategies of the jammer are not available in advance, this paper proposes a Linearly Weighted Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (LWDDPG) algorithm to maximize the LTT. The LWDDPG is extended from DDPG to adapt to the design of the two-dimensional reward function, which enables the ABS to reasonably allocate transmission channels, continuous power and work modes to the SUs, and to let the SUs not only transmit on unjammed channels, but also harvest more RF energy to supplement the battery power. Finally, the simulation results demonstrate the validity and superiority of the proposed method compared with traditional methods under multiple jamming attacks.

Genome-wide large-scale multi-trait analysis characterizes global patterns of pleiotropy and unique trait-specific variants

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have found widespread evidence of pleiotropy, but characterization of global patterns of pleiotropy remain highly incomplete due to insufficient power of current approaches. We develop fastASSET, a method that allows efficient detection of variant-level pleiotropic association across many traits. We analyze GWAS summary statistics of 116 complex traits of diverse types collected from the GRASP repository and large GWAS Consortia. We identify 2293 independent loci and find that the lead variants in nearly all these loci (~99%) to be associated with ≥2\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\ge 2$$\\end{document} traits (median = 6). We observe that degree of pleiotropy estimated from our study predicts that observed in the UK Biobank for a much larger number of traits (K = 4114) (correlation = 0.43, p-value <2.2×10−16\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ < 2.2\ imes {10}^{-16}$$\\end{document}). Follow-up analyzes of 21 trait-specific variants indicate their link to the expression in trait-related tissues for a small number of genes involved in relevant biological processes. Our findings provide deeper insight into the nature of pleiotropy and leads to identification of highly trait-specific susceptibility variants.