Institutional Reforms Research Articles

Innovative Assessment in Higher Education: Which Way Forward for Transformative and Sustainable Teacher Education and Training in Modern Africa?

The purpose of this article is to critically examine the limitations of traditional assessment methods in African teacher education and explore emerging innovative strategies that support transformative and sustainable learning. Traditional assessment approaches, primarily exam-based and summative, have been criticised for their inadequacy in addressing the dynamic and competency-based demands of 21st-century teacher education. This review synthesises recent literature, analysing peer-reviewed journal articles, policy documents, and global frameworks on assessment practices in higher education. Through thematic analysis, the article identifies innovative assessment methods such as formative assessment, digital portfolios, peer evaluation, and real-world problem-solving tasks. These approaches emphasise essential competencies including critical thinking, creativity, collaboration, and adaptability - skills necessary for educators in today's diverse and technology-driven classrooms. Additionally, the review highlights the growing role of technology in assessment, particularly AI-assisted tools and e-portfolios, which offer opportunities for personalised learning and timely feedback. However, the review also reveals significant challenges, including digital infrastructure limitations, low digital literacy among faculty, and policy misalignment with emerging practices. The study concludes that to achieve transformative and sustainable teacher education, African higher education institutions must shift from rigid, high-stakes assessments to more flexible, learner-centred, and competency-based models. It recommends institutional reforms, strategic investment in digital infrastructure, and professional development for educators. The significance of this review lies in its potential to inform policy and practice, ensuring that assessment strategies are both contextually relevant and aligned with global standards for equitable and quality education in Africa.

Challenges and Solutions in Administrative Management in Educational Institutions in Labuhanbatu Regency

This study investigates the administrative management challenges faced by educational institutions in Labuhanbatu Regency and explores strategic solutions adopted by selected schools. Using a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through interviews, document analysis, and observations involving 15 stakeholders from ten institutions. The findings reveal systemic issues, including an absence of local policy guidelines for principal tenure, political interference in leadership appointments, inadequate digital proficiency among administrative staff, and a lack of structured performance evaluation. These challenges have led to frequent leadership turnover, inefficiency in school operations, and employee burnout. However, several high-performing schools have implemented effective solutions, such as internal training workshops, Total Quality Management (TQM) practices, and participatory leadership, resulting in measurable improvements in administrative efficiency and stakeholder satisfaction. The study concludes that while administrative problems are multifaceted, they can be addressed through targeted institutional reforms supported by policy and capacity-building initiatives.

Innovation in Comprehensive Transportation Network Planning in the Context of National Spatial Development: Institutional Constraints and Policy Responses

This study investigates the institutional innovation pathways for integrating comprehensive transportation networks into China’s territorial spatial planning system, with a focus on resolving the conflicts between ecological conservation and infrastructure development. By proposing a ‘constraint-coupling-innovation’ framework, this research addresses the gaps in existing spatial governance mechanisms, particularly the insufficient alignment between transportation planning and the ‘three zones and three lines’ (ecological conservation, agricultural production, and urban development zones with binding redline) system. The study employs mixed-method approaches, including geospatial conflict analysis (GIS), AI-driven policy coordination tools, and case studies from the Yangtze River Economic Belt. It demonstrates that rigid ecological constraints (e.g., ecological sensitivity veto power) can reduce planning conflicts effectively, while adaptive governance models enhance land use efficiency and stakeholder collaboration. Key findings reveal a significant negative correlation (R2 = 0.75) between ecological protection redline (EPR) coverage and transportation network density, underscoring the necessity for differentiated governance strategies in high-conflict regions. A comparative analysis with the EU’s Natura 2000 sites and TEN-T networks further highlights China’s unique hierarchical governance model, which integrates top-down ecological mandates with localized technological innovations, such as digital twins and polycentric decision making. This study contributes to global debates on sustainable spatial planning by offering actionable pathways for balancing infrastructure expansion with ecological resilience, while also proposing institutional reforms, such as a National Transportation Spatial Governance Index (NTSGI), to standardize ecological compliance. These insights provide both theoretical advancements in spatial institutionalism and practical tools for policymakers navigating the dual challenges of urbanization and climate resilience.

An Assessment of the Influence of Innovation on the Performance of Semi-Autonomous Government Agencies in Uganda

Semi-autonomous government agencies (SAGAs) are critical for delivering public services and implementing government policies, and their performance is increasingly influenced by innovation and institutional reforms. The aim of the study is to examine the impact of innovation on the performance of SAGAs in Uganda and to draw comparative insights from similar institutions in the United States, Europe, and Asia to inform policy recommendations. The study adopts a qualitative approach by analyzing the operational performance and innovation practices of key Ugandan SAGAs such as the Uganda Revenue Authority (URA), Uganda National Roads Authority (UNRA), and National Medical Stores (NMS). It also incorporates comparative analysis from selected global agencies to benchmark best practices. The results reveal that innovation has significantly enhanced the performance of Ugandan SAGAs. For instance, the URA’s introduction of digital tax systems led to a 25% increase in tax revenue collection between 2015 and 2020, improving compliance rates from 62% to 79%. Similarly, the implementation of an e-logistics platform at NMS reduced medicine delivery delays by 40%, while stock availability for essential drugs rose from 65% to 90%. Despite these gains, challenges persist—over 55% of the respondents indicated that political interference and corruption limit innovation, and 68% cited inadequate funding as a major barrier. Comparative analysis with agencies like South Korea’s KOTRA and Sweden’s Environmental Protection Agency demonstrated operational efficiency gains of over 30% following structured innovation investments. The conclusion underscores that while innovation is a key driver of improved public sector performance, Uganda’s SAGAs must address systemic governance issues to fully leverage its benefits. The study recommends adopting a strategic innovation framework supported by capacity building, policy coherence, and enhanced oversight to achieve sustainable and transparent development in the public sector. Keywords: Innovation in Governance, Semi-Autonomous Government Agencies (SAGAs), Public Sector Performance, and Institutional Reform

A Month in Megacity Delhi: Caught in a Web? Stubbles, Firecrackers and Winter Weather

Thick haze, black smog, cold sun, choked lungs—winter of 2024 in the Indian capital of Delhi was no exception over recent earlier years—severe urban air pollution undermining agendas of multiple UN Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs), including Resilient Cities and Communities (UN SDG 11), Life on Land (UN SDG 15) and Good Health and Well-being (UN SDG 3). In this narrative, we track down six criteria—air pollutants, particulate matter (PM 2.5 , PM 10 ), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), ozone (O 3 ), and sulphur dioxide (SO 2 )—during the period 20 October to 18 November 2024, as measured at 39 monitoring stations, at 8:00 pm (IST). Results indicate that the daily median concentrations ( N = 39 monitoring stations) for PM 2.5 and PM 10 were around 203 µg.m −3 and 351 µg.m −3 , respectively, while they were 1.97 mg.m −3 , 55.12 µg.m −3 , 29.80 µg.m −3 , 13.04 µg.m −3 , for CO, NO 2 , O 3 and SO 2 . We found a ‘differential’ pollutant behaviour. For example, while both the PMs, CO and NO 2 , frequently exceeded environmental safety thresholds, O 3 and SO 2 always remained below these. For the PMs, CO and NO 2 , we observed three distinct time horizons: (a) pre-Diwali and Diwali (PD&D; 20 October-2 November) with the lowest daily median concentrations ( N = 39 stations); (b) post-Diwali phase I (PDP-I; 2–11 November) with intermediate daily medians and linearly declining over the days and (c) post-Diwali phase II (PDP-II; 12–18 November) recording the highest daily median levels with a polynomial rising trend. Significant (.05 < p <.01) positive associations were found between the daily median PMs, CO and NO 2 concentrations, indicating similar sources. Computations of relative health risks due to excess PM 2.5 levels revealed heightened threats of cardiopulmonary and cancer mortality at all locations. As we reflect on crop stubble burning and the Diwali festival (anthropogenic factor), we observe that winter meteorology (e.g. low wind speed and low solar radiation) plays a decisive role. We point to the current policy shortcomings, especially the graded response action plan, and emphasize the need for socio-technical innovations (crop residue management), institutional reforms, a multistakeholder, participatory action plan and intensifying the existing air quality monitoring programmes.

Fengqiao‐Style Policing: A Grassroots Model for Public Security Governance

ABSTRACTPublic security governance faces significant challenges in an era of urbanization and social complexity. China's Fengqiao‐style policing, rooted in the 1960s “Fengqiao Experience,” offers a grassroots model that emphasizes early conflict resolution, community participation, and cost‐effective governance. This study explores the evolution of Fengqiao‐style policing, highlighting its integration of modern technology and institutional reforms. Using empirical data, the research examines its mechanisms, localized conflict resolution, multi‐stakeholder engagement, and data‐driven decision‐making—and evaluates its applicability beyond China. The findings suggest that this model has significant potential for addressing global public security issues and offers insights into enhancing trust, collaboration, and efficiency in community policing.

Understanding forces of resistance in gender mainstreaming in Nepal’s forest bureaucracy

Mainstreaming gender in Nepal’s forestry sector policies, institutions, and practices commenced as a response to the recognition of gender-based inequalities. The development of community forestry and national political changes over recent decades has facilitated a wider discussion on equity and justice, encouraging policy reforms. In this paper, we examine whether and how policies, strategies and institutions are challenging the status quo within the forest bureaucracy. More importantly, we identify forces of resistance that hinder effective implementation of gender-inclusive policies. The insights presented in this paper are based on data collected through central- and district-level workshops, document analysis, interviews, and direct observations. Based on the assessment at different levels, it is explicit that current efforts in the forestry sector to mainstream gender in policies, institutions and practices are limited. Policy changes indicate a progressive move towards mainstreaming gender to a certain extent while efforts to enable implementation of such policies are inadequate. For instance, a lack of institutional adaptation and organisational restructuring have hindered the effective implementation of these policies. Challenges identified at both central and district levels reflect broader socio-cultural norms deeply embedded in Nepal’s patriarchal society. One of the key recommendations of this study is the need for structural changes, such as radical institutional and organisational reforms, to drive transformational behavioural change. Additionally, other recommendations include revisiting existing policies, approving the GESI strategy, preparing an actionable implementation plan, and strengthening mechanisms for monitoring and law enforcement.

Assessment of Problem-Solving Competence in Engineering Students: Analysis and Proposals for Improvement

This study evaluated the problem-solving competence of fifth-cycle engineering students at a private university in Peru, emphasizing its critical importance in today's competitive global environment. Using a mixed-methods approach and a descriptive correlational design, data were collected from 135 students and two teachers of the Calculus III course through a pedagogical test, semi-structured interviews, and documentary analysis of academic guidelines, syllabi, and learning session designs. Results revealed significant deficiencies in four key dimensions of problem-solving competence: analysis and definition (34.2%), solution design (22.8%), solution implementation (46.5%), and results validation (48.2%). A lack of analytical skills, limited data collection techniques, and insufficient validation methods were observed, along with an overreliance on teacher support. Teaching methodologies focused predominantly on mathematical knowledge and single-answer problems, neglecting complex, real-world problem-solving. The study highlights the need for implementing constructivist and experiential pedagogical approaches, heuristic and rational models, and integrating digital technologies to enhance analytical, critical, creative, and practical skills. Additionally, the findings are discussed in the context of international trends in engineering education, emphasizing the necessity for institutional and policy reforms to align academic training with the evolving demands of the global labor market. Received: 10 February 2025 / Accepted: 26 April 2025 / Published: 08 May 2025

Перспективи членства України в ЄС: правові вимоги та виклики

The paper examines Ukraine’s potential accession to the European Union, particularly emphasizing the legal adjustments and institutional reforms necessary to fulfill the EU membership requirements. It comprehensively reviews the political, economic, and legal commitments stemming from the Copenhagen criteria, focusing on integrating the EU acquis communautaire into Ukraine’s domestic legal framework. The analysis underscores the critical importance of systemic reforms in the judiciary, anti-corruption measures, human rights safeguards, and economic governance as essential components for Ukraine’s successful integration into the EU. This article examines the key stages of Ukraine’s EU integration journey following the official granting of candidate status in June 2022. It evaluates the recommendations of the European Commission regarding reform priorities and assesses Ukraine’s progress in legislative approximation, judicial independence, and regulatory alignment. The article also identifies persistent challenges, such as ensuring the effective implementation of reforms, enhancing institutional capacity, and maintaining political will undergoing military aggression. Special emphasis is placed on the international dimension of Ukraine’s integration process, including the geopolitical context of russia’s invasion, the evolving attitudes of EU member states, and the critical support of international partners. Strategic directions for accelerating accession are outlined, including adopting key legal instruments and implementing EU-aligned roadmaps in the rule of law, public administration, and democratic institutions. Ultimately, the article argues that while Ukraine has made significant strides toward EU membership, the success of its integration will depend on sustained reform efforts, institutional resilience, and continued engagement with EU mechanisms. Keywords: European integration, Ukraine’s membership in the EU, legal requirements, European standards, reforms, EU acquis, rule of law, economic integration, anti-corruption policy, judicial reform, democratic institutions, prospects for EU enlargement.

Proposed Program for Green Governance and Environmental Reforms in Urban and County Areas at Guangdong Province, China

As urbanization accelerates, the pressure on local governments to manage environmental resources efficiently has increased. Qingyuan, with its blend of urban centers and rural counties, faces unique challenges in balancing economic growth with environmental sustainability. This has driven the need for public institutions to adopt governance models that integrate environmental priorities at the heart of policy-making processes. A key driver for these reforms is the rising concern over pollution, particularly air and water quality issues. Guangdong Province has seen significant industrialization, which has contributed to rapid economic growth but also caused environmental degradation. In Qingyuan, both the urban and rural areas are affected by emissions from factories, transportation, and construction activities. To address this, local governments are reforming institutions to ensure stricter enforcement of environmental regulations, focusing on areas such as pollution control, waste management, and emissions monitoring. Another pressing issue is solid waste management. With increasing urban populations and industrial activities, public institutions in Qingyuan are under pressure to develop sustainable waste disposal and recycling systems. This requires not only technological innovation but also institutional reforms that encourage inter-agency coordination and partnerships with private sector actors. Policies promoting circular economies and community involvement in waste segregation are emerging as essential strategies to enhance environmental governance.

Financing Sustainability: The Role of Green Bonds in India's Low-Carbon Transition

Green bonds have emerged as a pivotal mechanism in global climate finance, enabling the mobilisation of large-scale investments for environmentally aligned projects. This paper investigates the development, structure, pricing dynamics, regulatory ecosystem, and international comparisons relevant to India’s green bond market from 2020 to 2025. It evaluates the presence of “greenium” in Indian corporate and sovereign bonds, compares the performance of ten major green and conventional bonds, and analyses SEBI’s evolving green debt regulations. Drawing insights from interviews with key stakeholders—including regulators, issuers, and institutional investors—the paper highlights persistent structural barriers such as verification costs, absence of a national green taxonomy, and limited thematic diversification. Comparative analysis with Brazil, China, and Indonesia reveals both opportunities and gaps in India’s current approach. Concluding with actionable recommendations, the study underscores the need for coordinated institutional reform, investor confidence-building measures, and expanded green financial innovation to strengthen India’s climate finance ecosystem and enable a resilient low-carbon transition.

Revisiting The Impact of WWII on Japan’s Political and Economic Transformation

World War II (1939–1945) was a turning point in modern Japanese history, profoundly shaping its political and economic trajectory. Defeated in 1945 and devastated by atomic bombings in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan entered a period of occupation under U.S. forces led by General Douglas MacArthur. This occupation dismantled Japan's imperialist ambitions and initiated a dramatic transformation in its political, social, and economic structures. This research looks at how Japan changed from an imperial monarchy to a democracy and how its economy modernized, leading to its explosive growth. This study uses a qualitative methodology and secondary sources, including scholarly journals, papers, and historical records, to divide the effects of Japan's post-war transition into two broad categories: political and economic. Politically, the 1947 Constitution, often called the "Pacifist Constitution," introduced democratic governance, renounced war, and ensured civil liberties. Feudal systems were abolished, land reforms were implemented, further modernizing society. Economically, Japan's transformation was driven by institutional reforms, American assistance, and state-directed industrial policies, fostering rapid industrialization and technological advancement. Adopting a mixed economic model, blending capitalist practices with strategic state intervention, catalyzed Japan's rise as a global economic powerhouse. Japan's post-WWII trajectory from devastation to a leading economic and political force underscores its resilience and adaptability, leaving an enduring imprint on its contemporary identity and role on the global stage.

Transition in Serbia:

The present article deals with the transition period in Serbia in the period from 2000 to the present. Institutional reforms and the endemic occurrence of corruption at all levels are concomitant phenomena of this period. The authors try to provide answers to certain questions concerning: the causes of weak institutions in the transition period of Serbia, the possibilities of strengthening the institutions, the explanation of corrupt behavior and the lack of legislation in the supporting segments of public and economic life. The general hypothesis suggests that weak institutions and corruption are in correlative relationship: weak institutions cause greater corruption, and vice versa, stronger institutions suppress corruption. In scientific terms, this article seeks to provide answers to basic questions about the relationship of institutions and corruption, to describe the status of the studied phenomena (corruption and weak institutions) in the transition period of Serbia and to offer solutions for the problem situation. The social relevance of this study would be: identification of the problems, pointing to their harmful, and even fatal, consequences to the society and its population and, thus, contributing to the overcoming the criticality of present situation.

Predicting dropout from higher education with multinomial finite mixture models: empirical evidence from Italy

Abstract The dropout phenomenon in higher education refers to students leaving their programs before completing their degrees. Despite recent improvements in graduation rates, Italy remains among the lowest in OECD countries, with a graduation rate of 45%, well below the OECD average of 69%. High dropout rates, particularly during the first two years of study, are influenced by both institutional factors, such as the decentralization of teaching and the expansion of degree programs, and student-specific factors, including academic performance and geographic distance from universities. Although reforms like the Bologna Process’s 3+2 model have aimed to improve retention, challenges persist. This paper employs multinomial logistic regression analysis, combined with finite mixture models, to explore the complex factors driving student dropout, offering insights for early intervention strategies and institutional reforms aimed at mitigating this issue.

POST-WAR RECOVERY OF REGIONAL ECONOMIES THROUGH THE DEVELOPMENT OF FINANCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE

The article examines the conceptual underpinnings of the formation, functioning and restoration of financial infrastructure as a systemic element of the economy, particularly in the post-crisis period. The key role of financial infrastructure in ensuring the stability of the economic system, maintaining financial flows and stimulating economic growth in the midst of significant transformation challenges is highlighted. The analysis focuses on the relationship between institutional and regulatory barriers, which have a significant impact on the efficiency of financial institutions and markets. The institutional issues that have been identified are as follows: the fragmentation of financial flows; a low level of coordination between state and regional financial institutions; the limited ability of financial institutions to respond quickly to crises; insufficient integration of international standards; and weak communication among actors within the financial system. Of particular pertinence are the regulatory barriers that impede the recovery of financial infrastructure, such as the instability of the regulatory environment, the over-regulation of procedures, the absence of long-term regulatory strategies, and a lack of transparency in regulatory decisions. The article considers the consequences of these issues, including a slowdown in economic rehabilitation, a decline in trust in financial institutions, a shortage of investment resources, and increased risks to financial stability. The author puts forward a number of recommendations for overcoming these barriers, including the reform of financial institutions to enhance their capacity, the harmonisation of legislation with international standards, the digitalisation of financial processes, the development of public-private partnership mechanisms, and the promotion of financial inclusion. The importance of implementing innovative technologies, such as automated financial flow monitoring systems and platforms for integrating financial institutions into a unified ecosystem, is emphasised. The conclusions may serve as a theoretical basis for further research in the field of economics and finance, as well as be used to develop practical recommendations for reforming Ukraine's financial system in the context of post-crisis recovery.

Financial Management of Public Service Bodies in State Universities: Juridical Analysis of Fees for the Development of Independent Path New Student Institutions

This study investigates the financial management of Public Service Agencies (BLU) within Indonesian state universities, focusing on the unauthorized imposition of institutional development fees (SPI/IPI) on independent pathway students at Udayana University, resulting in significant State financial losses. Employing a normative juridical methodology, the research analyzes regulatory frameworks, institutional accountability, and the legal implications of fee structures that contravene Ministry of Finance regulations (PMK No. 51/2015 and PMK No. 95/2020). Findings reveal systemic non-compliance in fee determination, where SPI/IPI charges were applied without legal authorization, bypassing mandated tariff protocols. The study identifies critical lapses in oversight, including the rector's failure to align fee policies with national financial regulations and the misuse of BLU flexibility, which enabled the diversion of funds into non-transparent banking practices. The case underscores the vulnerability of BLU's financial autonomy to mismanagement and corruption, particularly in the absence of robust accountability mechanisms. Recommendations emphasize the urgent need for legal reforms to enhance transparency, strengthen auditing processes, and clarify punitive measures for violations. This research contributes to the discourse on public financial governance in higher education, advocating for institutional reforms to prevent future fiscal mismanagement and uphold the integrity of State’s resources.

Governance in layers: how female street-level bureaucrats reshape state power through emotional labor

Abstract This article draws on multi-sited ethnographic fieldwork conducted from 2021 to 2024 across six Chinese cities, encompassing 28 semi-structured interviews, 16 roundtable discussions with 75 participants, and over 300 hours of direct observations and covert site visits. Building on street-level bureaucracy theory, the study recasts emotional labor as a latent engine of governance rather than a mere coping mechanism. Specifically focusing on female street-level bureaucrats (SLBs), it examines how they navigate state directives, absorb community tensions, and deploy institutionally mandated empathy. Findings illustrate that female SLBs’ emotional labor defuses conflicts, nurtures short-term stability, and projects a caring image of the state, albeit often at the expense of their own professional advancement and well-being. Moreover, by highlighting the gendered expectations embedded in frontline governance, the study reveals a paradoxical reliance on “invisible” emotional labor, which can reinforce structural inequities and an overdependence on personal agency. The analysis suggests that recognizing emotional labor’s integral role—and its corresponding vulnerabilities—is vital to improving public service design. The article concludes by calling for institutional reforms to provide formal recognition of emotional labor, ensuring it is not perpetually relegated to an uncredited or feminized domain of governance.

Impact of foreign direct investment on economic growth in Nigeria: Mediating role of institutional quality

This study is motivated by the persistent disconnection between rising Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows and Nigeria's economic development, with a focus on understanding the mediating role of institutional quality. The primary aim is to investigate how political rights and civil liberties influence the relationship between FDI and economic growth in Nigeria. Covering the period from 1981 to 2022, the study adopts the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to assess both short- and long-run dynamics using annual time series data. Key variables include GDP per capita, FDI inflows, political rights, civil liberties, labor force participation, and financial development. The findings reveal that FDI negatively affects economic growth by up to 56.4% in the short run and 30.6% in the long run. However, political rights positively moderate the impact of FDI, improving growth outcomes by approximately 123% in the long run. Conversely, civil liberties exhibit a negative moderating effect in both time horizons. The results underscore that without institutional reform, FDI may not deliver its expected economic benefits. The study recommends that Nigeria strengthen its institutional frameworks—particularly political rights—enhance transparency, and develop absorptive capacity to fully harness FDI's growth potential and foster inclusive, long-term economic development.

Administrative Court as Bureaucratic Reform Catalyst through Administrative Law Enforcement

The State Administrative Court (PTUN) in Indonesia plays a vital role not only in supervising the legality of government actions but also in promoting bureaucratic reform. This study aims to comprehensively analyze the role of PTUN as a catalyst for bureaucratic reform, the challenges it faces in resolving administrative disputes, and the opportunities it can leverage to enhance public service quality and governance. The research employs a normative juridical method, using analysis of legislation, court decisions, legal literature, and relevant administrative judicial practices. The findings indicate that PTUN functions beyond its judicial capacity by upholding good governance principles, creating legal precedents, and correcting deviant administrative actions. However, the court's effectiveness is hindered by structural and cultural constraints, such as weak regulations on decision enforcement, the absence of supervisory mechanisms, and a low compliance culture. This study concludes that through institutional reform, legal process digitalization, human resource development, and cross-sector collaboration, PTUN can strengthen its role in shaping a more efficient, accountable, and responsive bureaucracy.

Jurisprudencia educativa como pilar de la equidad y el acceso al derecho a la educación

This article analyzes the role of jurisprudence as a key instrument for guaranteeing the right to education with a focus on equity. Based on a systematic literature review, 330 scientific documents extracted from the Scopus database between 2020 and 2025 were examined using the keywords educational and jurisprudence. Analytical tools such as “documents by country or territory” were used to explore geographical distribution and thematic trends. The results show a strong concentration of academic production in the global north, especially in the United States and Russia, with little representation from the global south. Three major contributions of educational jurisprudence were identified: the guarantee of universal access, the protection of vulnerable populations and the promotion of normative and institutional reforms. Nevertheless, challenges persist, such as inequality in judicial application, low dissemination of judgments and lack of transversality with other fundamental rights. These findings are interpreted in the light of previous studies and allow us to conclude that, although educational jurisprudence has strengthened the equity framework, its effective impact depends on institutional conditions, political will and intersectoral articulation.