Institutional Knowledge Research Articles

Analysing the Factors Influencing the Inclusive Development of Fisher Folk Concerning Southern Districts of Tamil Nadu

The state’s economy depends significantly on the work of fishermen. The purpose of the Development of Fisher folk is to create a community of fishermen that is fully developed in all areas, including education, health, social standing, and economic development. The many Fisher community’s development programs are designed to aid all men, women, youth, and children who work in fishing activities and reside in coastal areas by enhancing their access to education, healthcare, culture, and employment possibilities. The paper examines the factors influencing the inclusive development of fisher folk in southerly districts of Tamil Nadu. Through field surveys, fundamental knowledge is gathered. To compile a thorough profile of the socioeconomic circumstances of the households of the fishermen, an interview schedule has been created. By using convenience sampling, 200 respondents from Tamil Nadu’s southern districts, were included in the final sample set. Therefore, the results revealed that climatic change and inadequate technology significantly impact the Fisher communities’ inclusive development. The outcome of the results also shows the insignificant relation between inadequate facilities for storing the catch impact and inclusive development of fishing communities. Factors influencing inclusive development include socio-demographic characteristics, climate change, lack of occupational return, inadequate storage facilities, lack of knowledge, technology, and financial institutions. Age, marital status, education, and involvement do not significantly impact development. The findings also show that the development of the fishing community is unaffected by a lack of financial institutions, expertise, or awareness. The results confirmed that state assistance was inefficient in reaching the targeted society and emphasised the need for further planned government intervention. By creating additional capacity structure initiatives that maintain and provide continuous social defence and engage the coastal community through an innovative alertness campaign, the authorities may demonstrate their commitment to the full development of aquatic fishermen.

Cross-Border Institutional Trust in Post-Pandemic Times. The Role of EU b-solutions Initiative

ABSTRACT Mutual trust is an important element in starting cross-border processes, and institutional trust is vital to forging sound and effective cross-border cooperation. It is widely debated that the recent covidfencing process in Europe chipped away existing long and medium-term cross-border institutional ties, in most European borders, at least for some time. The fundamental point is that the sudden closing of national borders also revealed how important are effective and well-functioning cross-border institutions to direct the reopening of such borders into functional cross-border areas. To appreciate more in-depth the importance of cross-border institutional trust in post-pandemic times, this article analyses to what extent the EU b-solutions initiative contributes to reinforcing it along European cross-border regions. The analysis concluded that this EU initiative reinforces cross-border institutional trust by enhancing institutional capacity building, institutional knowledge sharing and stability/credibility as well as territorial integration in EU border regions. However, only a few European cross-border regions have benefited the most from this institutional support by b-solutions: the Benelux, plus Germany and France, as well as the Iberian cross-border areas.

Penyuluhan Literasi Keuangan Bagi UMKM Jamu Gendong

The purpose of this community service activity (PKM) is to increase the knowledge about financial literacy for Mbak Eka's business herbal medicine (UMKM jamu gendong) so that it can be used in business development. The methods that used in this community service activity are giving a lecture and discussions. The stages start from coordinating with business owners, provide counseling and the evaluation stage. The discussion shows that business owner’s has been in the financial literacy level, namely sufficient literate, meaning that they already have knowledge and confidence of financial service institution and have existing financial products. Mbak eka as the owner of the business has known about the procedures to obtaining additional business capital from banks and also the risk. However, mbak eka doesn’t taking the advantage of these capital financial services because she doesn’t need it yet. The Business owners also have has the budgeting skills and saving habits. However, the savings only for consumption and not used for investment. The hoped that the business owner will be able to develop financial strategies through investment skills in the form of being able to allocate savings, from selling herbal medicine to business capital in order to transition from conventional marketing to online marketing in order to reach a wider market.

The Rushdiyye School in Rawandz and its most prominent problems 1868-1916

Throughout the history, science and scholars have held a prominent position within Kurdish society. During ancient times, mosques, madrassas, and chambers served as the primary hubs for scientific knowledge and educational institutions. However, during the final phase of Ottoman administration in Kurdistan, the state officially established schools, including one in the city of Rawandz. The state covered the expenses of these schools, including teachers' salaries and the provision of educational materials for students. However, in contrast to other educational institutions in Rushdiya, the Rushdiya school in Rawandz exhibits several deficiencies and challenges. The subject matter revolved around education, students, and teachers. In this study, many scientific methodologies were employed, including historical analysis and the examination of textual materials as the primary source. Additionally, supplementary scientific sources such as books and research papers were utilized. Academic fields such as master's and doctorate theses, along with the use of comparative techniques sources and official calendars and papers of the Ottoman state, offer comprehensive insights into his life and accomplishments. This research aims to scientifically examine the Rushdieh School of Rawandz and the prominent issues that arose between 1868 and 1916. Despite these challenges, the school played a significant role in advancing the scientific interests of Rawandz and fostering the development of a new generation.

Strategic Workforce Analysis: Identifying Skills and Gaps Among Frontline Public Health Workers Amidst Transformation.

Recent shifts in public health (PH) include consistent budget cuts, workforce attrition, and loss of vital skills and institutional knowledge followed by heightened pandemic-driven attention, new responsibilities, and renewed funding. This study investigates whether frontline employees working in different types of public health departments have different educational characteristics and whether these characteristics are associated with differentials in skill gaps toward informing targeted interventions to nurture a competitive workforce. Utilizing 2021 Public Health Workforce Interests and Needs Survey (PH WINS) data, we document variations in educational qualifications, skill gaps, and workforce characteristics among frontline workers in different sizes of health departments and examine attributes associated with skill gaps: level and field of education, years of experience, program areas, and job classifications using a negative binomial model. Skill gaps in resource management, systems and strategic thinking, and change management persist across all local health departments (LHDs), but the extent of these gaps is greater in small LHDs. Small LHDs also have few employees with graduate and public health degrees. Additionally, whereas public health degrees were not associated with fewer skill gaps, tenure in public health was, suggesting people learn on the job. The results highlight the role regional training centers can play in emphasizing the need for strategic skills and foundational public health concepts, as well as customizing training content by agency size and educational levels to improve accessibility, particularly for small LHDs with resource constraints.

Physician Reluctance to Intervene in Addiction

The overdose epidemic continues in the US, with 107 941 overdose deaths in 2022 and countless lives affected by the addiction crisis. Although widespread efforts to train and support physicians to implement medications and other evidence-based substance use disorder interventions have been ongoing, adoption of these evidence-based practices (EBPs) by physicians remains low. To describe physician-reported reasons for reluctance to address substance use and addiction in their clinical practices using screening, treatment, harm reduction, or recovery support interventions. A literature search of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, medRxiv, and SSRN Medical Research Network was conducted and returned articles published from January 1, 1960, through October 5, 2021. Publications that included physicians, discussed substance use interventions, and presented data on reasons for reluctance to intervene in addiction were included. Two reviewers (L.N., M.C., L.F., J.P., C.S., and S.W.) independently reviewed each publication; a third reviewer resolved discordant votes (M.C. and W.C.). This systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines and the theoretical domains framework was used to systematically extract reluctance reasons. The primary outcome was reasons for physician reluctance to address substance use disorder. The association of reasons for reluctance with practice setting and drug type was also measured. Reasons and other variables were determined according to predefined criteria. A total of 183 of 9308 returned studies reporting data collected from 66 732 physicians were included. Most studies reported survey data. Alcohol, nicotine, and opioids were the most often studied substances; screening and treatment were the most often studied interventions. The most common reluctance reasons were lack of institutional support (173 of 213 articles [81.2%]), knowledge (174 of 242 articles [71.9%]), skill (170 of 230 articles [73.9%]), and cognitive capacity (136 of 185 articles [73.5%]). Reimbursement concerns were also noted. Bivariate analysis revealed associations between these reasons and physician specialty, intervention type, and drug. In this systematic review of reasons for physician reluctance to intervene in addiction, the most common reasons were lack of institutional support, knowledge, skill, and cognitive capacity. Targeting these reasons with education and training, policy development, and program implementation may improve adoption by physicians of EBPs for substance use and addiction care. Future studies of physician-reported reasons for reluctance to adopt EBPs may be improved through use of a theoretical framework and improved adherence to and reporting of survey development best practices; development of a validated survey instrument may further improve study results.

Building resilience of street-connected children during COVID-19: turning rights into practices through CINI method.

This article examines the methods and opportunities for SCC's meaningful participation that recognize their agency and are aligned with General Comment No. 21 (GC21) to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) on Children in Street Situations (UNCRC, 1989). This article explains the application of CINI's core practice models which explains the child centrality in development practices for "turning rights into practice for children" derived from the Sustainable Development Goals, principles of Human Rights, UNCRC, and General Comment No. 20 (2016). The Institutional knowledge was practiced through child-led action research with street- connected children which resulted in the development of agency among SCC, peer researchers, and child advocates for resilience building within their community during COVID-19. Child in Need Institute (CINI) has been working with SCC since 1989 and has derived a rich body of experience from the interventions. CINI applied participatory approaches to practice, research, decision-making, and policy development; thus, facilitating children in the process of systematically gathering information with their peers, identifying key issues and problems faced by SCC, and securing support from duty bearers that were required for the survival within their situations. Drawing on the approach undertaken and the tools used in the participatory research and advocacy, this article reflects upon the processes and strategies that worked out in facilitating SCC's ability to exercise agency and resilience through evidence generation and advocacy during COVID-19 and the associated lockdown and beyond. Through capacity building on research tools, leadership and communication skills, SCC can build concrete evidence of their vulnerabilities and the gaps that pose as barriers to their access to existing support mechanisms. This evidence helps them to prioritize the solutions that are required to bring changes in their lives and that of their peers, with which they can advocate at different platforms that promote dialogs and negotiations between children and duty-bearers. A participatory research project funded by Wellcome Trust focused on the vulnerabilities faced by street-connected young people and the access to services available to them. It revealed the lack of understanding regarding SCC and their invisibility in data and planning of support services, the gaps in access to healthcare services, the social determinants of health including safety, and their exclusion in platforms for dialogs with duty bearers. They took these issues to local government leaders, service providers, and national and international advocacy platforms; and suggested solutions to local and world leaders to bring changes in their situations. This resulted in a marked increase in the responsiveness of service providers toward SCC during the period of COVID-19, and the increased agency and negotiation skills of peer leaders to support their communities and demand solutions during the period of COVID-19 and associated lockdown.

Oxygen therapy practice and associated factors among nurses working at an Ethiopian Referral Hospital

ObjectiveSupplemental oxygen therapy is suppling oxygen at quantities higher than those found in the atmosphere (>21 %) and is mostly prescribed for hypoxic patients. To avoid hypoxemia, hypercapnia, and oxygen poisoning, nurses closely monitor patients receiving oxygen therapy. There are considerable gaps in nurses' practice of oxygen therapy. Patients who receive inappropriate oxygen therapy may have negative effects, and it has financial repercussions for both individuals and nations. The aim of this study was to assess oxygen therapy practices and associated factors influencing oxygen administration among nurses in an Ethiopian Regional Hospital. MethodFrom March 1 to March 30, 2019, a cross-sectional institutional study using quantitative methods was performed amongst nurses working at a referral hospital in northwestern Ethiopia. Data was gathered using structured self-administered questionnaires. ResultIn this study, 147 participants (91.3 %) were found to have inadequate practice with oxygen therapy. Nurses' lack of knowledge about carbon monoxide, adult patients' typical breathing rates, cardiopulmonary function, and devices (face mask, nasal cannula, oxygen concentrators, pulse oximeter and others) that are difficult for patients to accept were found to be factors associated with oxygen administration practice. ConclusionThe findings of this study showed that nurses' use of oxygen administration was subpar. The institutional factors, knowledge gaps, and attitudes of nurses were identified as the determinants affecting oxygen administration practice. Nurses would do better to read up on oxygen administration, interact with one another and undertake further training.

Effects of Government Incentives on Sales Growth of Selected Industrial Firms in South- East, Nigeria

The study focused on the effects of government incentives on sales growth of selected industrial firms in South-East, Nigeria. The objective of the study was to examine the effect of government incentives on sales growth of selected industrial firms in South-East, Nigeria: The significant effect of government incentives on sales growth of selected industrial firms in south east, Nigeria will require management of industrial firms to focus on most lucrative and productive government incentives to improve on their marketing performance. Incentives help firms generate economies of scale in production and they can manage to sell excess domestic capacity with government formulated policies and support with institutional knowledge transfer to facilitate SMEs to industrial development in South East Nigeria. Improved marketing performance of industrial firms in south east, Nigeria will also improve the contribution of industrial firms sector to the gross domestic product of the economy. This will also imply increased tax payment by the firms to government, which will in turn make revenue available for societal development. The study adopted survey research design The population of the study was 12100 selected industrial firms in South-East, Nigeria. A sample size of 387 (Three hundred and eighty-seven) was drawn from the population using Taro yamani statistical formula. One hypothesis was formulated and tested with Simple Linear Regression model.. The major findings in the study showed that: there is a significant effect of government incentive on sales growth of selected industrial firms in South-East, Nigeria; This study has formed a body of knowledge (reference material) which has closed the gap identified in literature and which can also be cited by both present and potential researchers. Results of the study provided direction for management of industrial firms with respect to which government incentive to adopt in order to improve on marketing performance as well as where and how to direct available resources.. Hence, we concluded that successful investments in R&D result in innovative products and services that enable the company to improve its sales revenue. It implies that government subsidies can serve as effective catalyst that can boost the overall productivity of firms located within south east, thereby increasing their sales revenue and also their competitiveness We, therefore, recommended that firms in the south east zone should upgrade their activities relating to cost efficiency, quality, variety/diversification, responsiveness, acceptance of entrepreneurial risks, and a positive attitude towards change and innovation as prerequisites for surviving in a globalized market.

Feasibility of a 4 French resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) device for nontraumatic cardiac arrest in a randomized controlled study using a large porcine model

AimThe objectives of this study were to assess the return of spontaneous circulation rates and hemodynamic response of large swine (>65Kg) during cardiopulmonary resuscitation after nontraumatic cardiac arrest using the COBRA-OS® aortic occlusion balloon and to address limitations of large swine closed-chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation by comparing closed-chest vs. open-chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation. MethodsYorkshire pigs (n = 10) weighing >65 kg were anesthetized and ventilated. After 7 min of untreated ventricular fibrillation (VF), animals were randomized to receive mechanical closed-chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation or open-chest cardiac massage. Following a 5-minute low-flow state, advanced cardiac life support algorithms were started and the COBRA-OS® was inflated in the thoracic aorta. Animals that achieved return of spontaneous circulation were re-started on mechanical ventilation and medications, CPR, defibrillation, and aortic occlusion were discontinued. The primary outcome was return of spontaneous circulation and secondary outcomes were mean arterial pressures generated in the low flow and aortic occlusion states before return of spontaneous circulation. Groups were compared with a t-test or Mann-Whitney U test for normal and non-parametric data, respectively, while categorical data was compared with the chi square test. ResultsReturn of spontaneous circulation was obtained in 4 animals (80%) in the open cardiac massage group and none in the mechanical closed-chest CPR group (p < 0.05). The COBRA-OS® successfully occluded all aortas and animals experienced higher mean arterial pressures in both groups with aortic occlusion (median 15 mm Hg, IQR 13–23 mm Hg), but with a higher MAP difference in the open cardiac massage group (−12.2 mm Hg, [−2.581, −21.819]). ConclusionsConsideration should be given to intra-thoracic cardiac massage to increase cardiopulmonary resuscitation effectiveness and therefore return of spontaneous circulation rates in large (>65 kg) swine models of nontraumatic cardiac arrest. The COBRA-OS® demonstrated feasibility for use in this model.The Keenan Research Center, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael’s Hospital Animal Care Committee: ACC Protocol #726.

Benefits and Challenges of Online Teaching Learning from the Students’ View

Background: Online learning is the major concept in education which converts the traditional educational shape into a new form that transforms in person or physical learning into a virtual approach of learning. It is an alternative to traditional classroom learning and involves using primarily the internet and one or more other technologies. Objective: This study explores the perception of students regarding its benefits and challenges and recommendations. Materials and method: Data were collected from 273 students of 1st and 2nd year MBBS from January 2021 to February 2021 at Enam Medical College, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh, using a predesigned validated questionnaire. Results: The findings of the present study revealed that most of the students lack in academic or institutional knowledge regarding the ICT tools used in online learning process. The benefits included its flexibility regarding the time and place, sharing of information is easy and cost effective and allows mass audiences. Whereas, less effective in practice-based learning, instant feedback is difficult, lack of attentiveness, disturbance of physical health and diminished social interaction were identified as major disadvantages Conclusion: Online learning has its own set of advantages and disadvantages as other teaching methods. The purpose of this study was to assess the current state of online learning activities from the students’ perspective. Delta Med Col J. Jan 2021;9(2): 69-74

Conversations in geography: Journeying through four decades of history and philosophy of geography in the United Kingdom

This article offers a critical appraisal of institutionalised knowledge production and exchange on the history and philosophy of geography in the United Kingdom. We examine broad epistemic trends over 41 years (1981–2021) through an analysis of annual conference sessions and special events convened by the History and Philosophy of Geography Research Group (HPGRG) of the Royal Geographical Society with the Institute of British Geographers (RGS-IBG). We show how organisational, sociocultural, and epistemic changes were coproduced, as expressed by three significant findings. Organisationally, the group emerged through shared philosophical interests of two early career geographers at Queen's University of Belfast in 1981 and received new impetus through its strategic plan 1995–1997, which inspired long-term research collaborations. Socioculturally, the group's activities contributed to national traditions of geographical thought and praxis in masculinist academic environments, with instances of internationalisation, increasing feminisation, and organisational cooperation. Epistemically, the group's events in the 1980s shaped contextualist, constructivist, and critical approaches, and coproduced new cultural geography, but the emphasis shifted from historically sensitive biographical, institutional, and geopolitical studies of geographical knowledges, via critical, postcolonial, and feminist geographies of knowledge-making practices in the 1990s, to more-than-human and more-than-representational geographies in the early twenty-first century.

Navigators in Training: First-Generation Graduate Students in College Student Affairs

ABSTRACT This qualitative case study explored the experiences of first-generation graduate students (FGGS) enrolled in a college student affairs (CSA) master’s program at a comprehensive university. Findings demonstrated how students identified as, learned from, acted as, and aspired to be cultural navigators. Participants drew upon their own experiences and institutional knowledge to help students and champion institutional change. Implications suggest that as change agents, FGGS promote equitable student success. CSA programs should provide opportunities that empower FGGS to recognize their identity-based strengths and drive institutional transformation. Institutions should recognize, value, and support FGGS and other cultural navigators as they promote student success.

Critical thirding and third space collaboration: university professional staff and new type of knowledge production

In this article, the author first addresses the persisting knowledge invisibility of university professional staff by drawing on selected findings from their qualitative, multiple case study research conducted in an Australian university with a campus in Singapore. Analysing a selected case of a university project, the author applies critical thirding as a concept to demonstrate how university third space collaboration resulted in creating new, Mode 3 institutional knowledge and led to a transformative change of research commercialisation practices. The author then compares research findings from this selected Australian university case study to the insights from a systematic literature review which was conducted three years later as a separate research project using an international literature sample. The review provided evidence that since the 2000s university workers, professional and academic alike, in tertiary education institutions around the world, have been engaged in complex identity work, demonstrating increased agency towards de-invisibilisation of their roles and co-creating new knowledge, thereby contributing to university advancement. The author concludes that by applying the analytical power of critical thirding to social spaces of new knowledge production, it is possible to support and promote equal contributions of all university actors to achieving institutional goals.

The limits of co-production: linking regulatory capacity to co-production of authoritative knowledge for environmental policy

Abstract This paper introduces a novel perspective on co-production of authoritative knowledge in environmental policy, shifting focus from perceived flaws in knowledge production to structural and governance challenges impeding knowledge uptake. It argues that these challenges, including diminishing support for public authority and widespread enthusiasm for collaboration, contribute to regulatory capacity deficits, which undermine knowledge claims’ authority. This account is tested through case study analysis of policy stakeholders in Colorado, USA, who sought to co-produce a scientific assessment for biodiversity offsetting. Despite repeated efforts, industry stakeholders disengaged twice, leading to abandonment of the policy initiative. Analysis demonstrates regulatory capacity’s crucial role in fostering co-production and integration of authoritative scientific knowledge in policymaking. By analyzing the failure to sustain stakeholder engagement in terms of interplay between regulatory capacity and co-production, this study contributes a critique of mainstream co-production and demonstrates the value of analyzing how institutional arrangements shape knowledge and policy integration.

Analyzing the CTOSH listserv to understand the needs, barriers, resources, and strategies used by homeless service providers in central Texas

ABSTRACT Introduction: People experiencing homelessness (PEH) have complex needs but access barriers and unclear communication channels contribute to many needs being unmet. The purpose of the current study was to examine use of a free e-mail listserv by homeless service providers in order to better understand informal systems for communicating needs and identifying available resources. The following specific aims were assessed: (1) examine and classify reasons why homeless service providers use the listserv, (2) describe the most common needs expressed, (3) assess the high priority barriers to health and wellness, and (4) identify strategies that homeless service providers use to overcome barriers. Methods: Qualitative descriptive methods were used to analyze n = 5630 emails sent over a 4-year period from 2/1/2017 to 2/28/2021. Results: The CTOSH listserv is a valuable tool that enables sharing institutional knowledge and collective experience thereby facilitating interorganizational collaboration. Findings reveal several strategies that listserv users employed to overcome service barriers and resource scarcity, and also indicate that informal communication channels are critical during times of crisis. Conclusions: Implications include future research to develop agile tools such as the CTOSH listserv and the creation of a community of practice to better support the complex work of homeless service providers.

Effect of Differentiated Instructional Approach on Learners' Participation and Academic Achievement in Biology in Public Secondary Schools in Mbeere North Sub-County, Kenya

Secondary school education forms the academic foundation for the acquisition of knowledge in higher institutions. Science Education is the bedrock for technological advancement in Kenya and the world at large. Biology is a key science subject and forms the foundation of various fields; therefore, it is an essential discipline. The performance of students in Biology has generally been low for the last few years. The ordinary Conventional Instructional Approach used by teachers in increasingly diverse classrooms may have contributed to the minimal performance. This study aimed to assess the effect of the Differentiated Instructional Approach (DIA) on Learner Participation and Academic Achievement in Biology in Public Secondary Schools. Quasi-Experimental Research Design was used in particular, Solomon Four Control Group Design. The target population was 2405 form two Biology students. Purposive sampling was used to select 8 Co-educational County Secondary Schools with a sample size of 360 students. Simple random sampling was used to select and assign the participating schools to Experimental and Control groups. Descriptive statistics was used to analyse the data, while the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 26 was used for data analysis. The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference in all three hypotheses, with the first objective giving (F117.220, p&lt;0.05), the second objective giving (F 54.049, p ˂ 0.05) while the third objective gave (F 65.417, p &lt; 0.05) significant values. The results indicated that learners subjected to the Differentiated Instructional Approach did better than those instructed using Conventional Teaching Approaches. The study also concluded that DIA improved learners' Participation and Academic Achievement. The findings of this study would be significant to curriculum developers, educators, administrators and will also contribute to the knowledge base for the Differentiated Instructional Approach, forming the basis for further research

Solidarity as politics: Global Health and democracy.

Ensuring democracy in establishing Global Health (GH) requires including health perspectives and actions of what is conventionally called "local". Edging closer to the references of the Meeting of Knowledges to those of Coloniality, we address the implementation of Solidary Greengrocers by the initiative of small-scale fishermen in the South of Bahia, Brazil, in facing socioeconomic and health issues related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The triangulation of methods characterized the fieldwork based on ethnography, action research, and partnership with local stakeholders in analyzing the material. The search for simultaneous health, socioeconomic, environmental, and educational effects allowed for overcoming the risks in GH actions such as humanitarianism, controlism, neoliberalism, and colonialism. The initiative was managed by the political organization of the residents of the reserve, who raised and managed State and civil society resources with autonomy and solidarity, combining traditional knowledge with institutional and technological knowledge of the territory. So-called local experiences contain a complete vision of the world that should not be submitted to a totalizing category. Global Health can benefit from considering the several worlds underlying its object.

Indigenous Knowledge and Community Institutions' Role in Pashtun Pastoral Community Resilience to Climate Change

Indigenous knowledge and community institutions of pastoral communities play a pivotal role in resilience to climate change. This study aims to investigate the Pashtun pastoral community's culturally embedded indigenous knowledge, social structure, and social institutions' role in their resilience to climate change. It is revealed that climate change directly affects their natural resources, cultural traditions and livelihood, especially of the Pashtun pastoral community living in the mountainous region of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It is investigated that Pashtun pastoral community social structure (such as kinship bonds, brotherhood, and reciprocity) and cultural institutions strengthen their resilience to bounce back from the worst impact of climate change. It is revealed that the Pashtun pastoral communities’ indigenous knowledge is embedded in their folk literature, metaphors, poetry, and traditions. Their indigenous knowledge, and socio-cultural institutions, strengthen the Pashtun pastoral community's resilience to climate change.

Oxygen generation and delivery: Start to end

Oxygen is vital for our life. In hospitals, the medical team should also have knowledge of its generation and how it ends till it is ready for consumption at the patient end. Various oxygen generation plants like pressure swing adsorption (PSA) plants, Liquid medical oxygen plant are available at every medical institute but basic technical knowledge holds importance. Medical gas pipeline system is a well designed network spread through out the hospitals which boost life in the patients but utmost handling and care of these necessitates regular check and audits to that every point of the system provides maximum usage with minimum leakage. (Provide appropriate messages of about 35-50 words to be printed in centre box): Oxygen is the very basis for survival of the patients. Careful planning and knowledge is the essential requirement. Why is it important is well known, but how and whats of the oxygen generation plants is the need of the hour.