Institute Of Metal Research Research Articles

China's goal of achieving carbon neutrality before 2060: experts explain how.

‘We aim to have CO2 emissions peak before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060,’ President Xi Jinping so declared at the General Debate of the 75th United Nations General Assembly on 22 September 2020. More than 130 countries globally have proposed their own carbon neutrality goals by 2050 or 2060. Thus, carbon neutrality is a collective effort of human societies to cope with the climate crisis. If all countries could follow their own plans and reach carbon neutrality in a few decades, we may have a chance to control global warming within 1.5 or 2oC, confining climate change to a relatively safe zone. As a developing country with a large population, high coal consumption and large manufacturing industries, can China achieve the huge task of societal transformation that will enable carbon peaking and carbon neutrality within the next four decades? How will China transform traditional power generation and manufacturing industries, as well as create new technologies for carbon capture and storage? In this panel discussion chaired by Prof. Xinhe Bao, a scientist of energy and chemistry, top experts gathered to discuss the challenges and potential solutions, outlining the coming ‘green industrial revolution’. Huiming Cheng Professor, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Zhengtang Guo Professor, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Yaling He Professor, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University Zheng Li Professor, Institute of Climate Change and Sustainable Development, Tsinghua University Minggao Ouyang Professor, School of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University Zhengrong Shi Professor, College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power Zaiku Xie Professor, China Petroleum and Chemical Corporation (SINOPEC) Xinhe Bao (Chair) Professor, University of Science and Technology of China, and Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Research advances on homogenization manufacturing of heavy components by metal additive forging

Heavy forgings are the core components of major equipment and even play an indispensable role in national security and the national economy. Traditionally, heavy forgings are usually manufactured with ingots of more than 100 tons. However, there are serious macroscopic segregation, shrinkage porosity and other defects in heavy forgings due to size effect of metal solidification process, which seriously affect the quality of heavy forgings and have become a worldwide problem. Avoiding the traditional concept in which a heavy forging must be created using a large steel ingot, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences first put forward a novel technology to manufacture heavy high-quality forgings by additive forging (AF). Small-sized slabs with excellent quality are used as the base elements. After surface cleaning, stacking, assembling, vacuum packaging, and deformation process characterized by pressure-forging and multi-directional forging at high temperature, the homogenized heavy forgings can be obtained with completely healed interface, which realizes the new manufacturing technology of “by making greatly small”. Through in-depth research on the microstructural evolution and bonding mechanism of the interface, we found the self-decomposition phenomenon of interface oxides. With the decomposed oxygen ions diffusing toward the matrix, oxide particles precipitated around both sides of the interface, forming the particle precipitation zone (PPZ). As the holding time increased, the width of the PPZ increased and the oxide precipitates in the PPZ transformed from MnCr x Al2– x O4 to Mn x Al3– x O4 and finally to γ-Al2O3, depending on the local oxygen activity. After holding for 24 h, the interfacial oxides completely decomposed and only a few nano-scale γ-Al2O3 oxide precipitates remained dispersed far away from the bonding interface, leading to the recovery of the mechanical properties of the bonding joints. This recovery mechanism should be of great importance to the engineering application of Additive Forging. Besides, we illustrated the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) mechnism of the bonding interface. The bonding of joints is related with interfacial grain boundary (IGB) bulging process, which is considered as a nucleation process of DRXed grain under different deformation environments. During recrystallization process, the bonded interface moved due to strain-induced boundary migration (SIBM) process. Stored energy difference (caused by accumulation of dislocations or difference of subgrain size at the bonding interface) was the dominant factor for SIBM during DRX. This technology has been applied to hydroelectric alloy steel spindles (110 tons in weight) and nuclear power stainless steel giant rings (15.6 m in diameter), which plays an important role in promoting the rapid development of high-end equipment in China and ensuring the independence and control of core materials for major equipment.

A forum on batteries: from lithium-ion to the next generation.

ABSTRACTThe 2019 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to three pioneers of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs)—Prof. John B. Goodenough at the University of Texas, Prof. M. Stanley Whittingham at the State University of New York and Mr. Akira Yoshino at the Asahi Corporation of Japan, which is a great encouragement to the whole field.LIBs have been developed for several decades with the progress slowing down and their performances approaching some theoretical limits. On the other hand, new types of batteries or power systems, including solid-state batteries, sodium-ion batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries and fuel cells, are being steadily developed, offering new choices for divergent applications. In this panel discussion chaired by NSR editorial board member Huiming Cheng, battery experts gather to discuss the challenges and trends of LIBs, the developments and applications of next-generation batteries, as well as the status quo of the battery research and industry in China. Jun ChenProfessor of the College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China Yunhui HuangProfessor of the School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China Hong LiProfessor of the Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Shigang SunProfessor of the College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China Hongli ZhangDirector of the R&D Institute of Battery, Gotion High-Tech Power Energy Co., Ltd., Hefei, China Huiming Cheng (Chair)Professor of the Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China; Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China

Improvement of notch fatigue properties of ultra-high CM400 maraging steel through shot peening – CORRIGENDUM

doi: https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2017.358, Published by Cambridge University Press, 11 September 2017 In Duan et al.1, additional affiliation information for Qi-qiang Duan was inadvertently omitted. The affiliations for Qi-qiang Duan are Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China. The authors regret this error.

Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences: aiming to achieve breakthroughs in the development of materials

Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences: aiming to achieve breakthroughs in the development of materials

Metallurgy is key.

Metallurgy has been crucial to the development of China and its economy. Ke Lu, director of the Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, talks to Nature Materials about the outlook for metallurgy and materials science in China.

Research Progress on the Indirect Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide to Methanol

AbstractInvited for this month′s cover are the groups of Jian‐Qiang Wang at the Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics (SINAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Dang Sheng Su at the Institute of Metal Research (IMR), Chinese Academy of Sciences. The image shows the indirect conversion of carbon dioxide to methanol through hydrogenation of the easily available CO2 derivatives. The Minireview itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.201501013.

Lightweight design of high strength medical nickel free stainless steel implants

Event Abstract Back to Event Lightweight design of high strength medical nickel free stainless steel implants Yibin Ren1*, Haochun Zhao1, Jun Li1 and Ke Yang1 1 Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Lightweight design of high strength medical nickel free stainless steel implants Yibin Ren*, Haochun Zhao, Jun Li, Ke Yang Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Science (#72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China) ybren@imr.ac.cn Abstract: Introduction High nitrogen nickel free stainless steel has begun to be used in clinic, which possesses excellent mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. Especially its strength is two times more than that of the conventional 316L stainless steel, but this advantage is not fully used in optimization of both the structure and the size of the implant devices. Materials and experiments The Fe-18Cr-15Mn-2Mo-0.85N, developed by Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Science, was melted in a 50 kg pressurized induction melting furnace under 1 MPa pure nitrogen gas pressure, then was forged, rolled and solution treated to obtain a homogeneous austenitic microstructure. In this paper, the mechanical properties of nickel free stanless steel was studied firstly, Lightweight design model of nickel free stainless steel implants was set up using bone plate, and the effect of dimensional of stainless steel bone plate on the biomechanical behavior was studied by means of finite element analysis, finally the effects of lightweight on bone plate biomechanical behavior and implantation performance were studied and veriefied through animal tests. Conclusion The results showed that high nitrogen nickel free stainless steel has excellent mechanical properties, especially after cold deformation. The high nitrogen steel bone plate with 0.8mm in thickness still has better bending strength, compared with 316L stainless steel bone plate with 1.1mm in thickness. The preliminary animal test result also showed the high nitrogen steel bone plate with 0.9mm in thickness (lightweight ratio is about 18%) has better biomechanical compatibility. the lightweight design of High nitrogen nickel free stainless steel implants will promote the development and potential clinical application of high strength stainless steel implant devices. National Natural Science of Foundation of China(31370976) Keywords: Implant, Biocompatibility, biomedical application, mechanical property Conference: 10th World Biomaterials Congress, Montréal, Canada, 17 May - 22 May, 2016. Presentation Type: Poster Topic: Mechanical properties of biomaterials Citation: Ren Y, Zhao H, Li J and Yang K (2016). Lightweight design of high strength medical nickel free stainless steel implants. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol. Conference Abstract: 10th World Biomaterials Congress. doi: 10.3389/conf.FBIOE.2016.01.01688 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 27 Mar 2016; Published Online: 30 Mar 2016. * Correspondence: Dr. Yibin Ren, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China, Email1 Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Yibin Ren Haochun Zhao Jun Li Ke Yang Google Yibin Ren Haochun Zhao Jun Li Ke Yang Google Scholar Yibin Ren Haochun Zhao Jun Li Ke Yang PubMed Yibin Ren Haochun Zhao Jun Li Ke Yang Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.

Microgravity Material Research in China:2016

Firstly, recent research works of high undercooling and rapid solidification of metallic alloys under ground simulation conditions in Northwestern Polytechnical University are reviewed. Secondly, under normal gravity and microgravity of binary to quinary Nickel-base single crystal alloys with different contents of W, Ta, Al and Ti elements are comparatively investigated by Institute of Metal Research using drop tube. Thirdly, solidification and crystal growth of SJ10-Recoverable Scientific Experiment Satellite by Institute of Semiconductors is introduced.

Fabrication and characterization of artificial heart valves composed of poly(ethylene glycol) and natural protein fibers

Event Abstract Back to Event Fabrication and characterization of artificial heart valves composed of poly(ethylene glycol) and natural protein fibers Qian Li1, Yun Bai1, Hemin Nie2, Rui Yang1 and Xing Zhang1 1 Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China 2 Hunan University, College of Biology, China Introduction: The number of patients requiring heart valve replacement increasing from approximately 290,000 in 2003 to over 850,000 in 2050[1]. Current devices for valve replacement have significant limitations. For example, mechanical valves require anticoagulation in the lifetime of the patients[2]. Bioprosthetic heart valves (BHVs) have relatively poor durability due to leaflet mineralization and mechanical fatigue[3],[4]. Herein, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and natural protein fiber composites with mechanical property similar to native valves were fabricated as artificial heart valve leaflets, which likely provide advanced solutions to the limitations of current treatments. Materials and Methods: The eggshell membranes (ESMs) were separated and soaked in 8M acetic acid to dissolve the existing calcium carbonate granules. The cleaned ESMs soaked with a poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) pre-polymer solution were aligned in a PDMS mold and sealed between glass slides, which was then crosslinked by white light to form the PEG hydrogel. The resulting PEG-ESM composite was further crosslinked by a 0.5 wt.% glutaraldehyde (GA) solution. The ESM and PEG-ESM samples were soaked in a type I collagenase solution and a pronase solution, respectively, to evaluate the enzyme degradation at different time periods. Uniaxial tension tests were performed to calculate the elastic moduli and elongation percentage of these samples. Subcutaneous implantation on the back area of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats for 2 weeks was used to evaluate the biocompatibility of the PEG-ESM samples. Results and Discussion: ESMs were mainly composed of natural protein fibers (e.g. collagens I, V, X) with an average thickness ~2.0 μm. The ESMs had an average elastic modulus ~4.4 MPa, which substantially increased to ~6.9 MPa by GA crosslinking, close to that of aortic heart valve leaflets (1-15 MPa). For the PEG-ESM composites, the elastic modulus increased with the increase of ESM volume percentage. For example, the elastic modulus was ~3.4 MPa for the composite (~600μm thick) with six layers of ESMs, which was significantly larger than that with two layers of ESMs (~1.1 MPa). Our results showed that there was a significant decrease of elastic modulus of ESMs by enzyme treatment (6.9 MPa before treatment and 4.7 MPa after treatment), but no significant decrease for the PEG-ESM samples, indicating that incorporation of PEG can prevent the enzyme degradation of ESM proteins (Fig. 1). Fig. 1. Elastic moduli of different samples: ESM samples with GA crosslinking before collagenase I treatment (A) and after treatment (B) for 2 weeks, and PEG-ESM samples before collagenase I treatment (C) and after treatment (D). Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of sections of host tissues adjacent to the PEG-ESM implants showed no sign of macrophage cells, suggesting that there was no immune rejection of the implants in vivo (Fig. 2). Fig. 2. H&E staining of host tissues showed good integrity of tissue structures and no sign of macrophage cells: (A) 4x, (B) 10x magnification. Conclusions: Advanced PEG-ESM composites were fabricated by photo crosslinking of PEGDA with ESMs, which was further crosslinked by glutaraldehyde. The novel PEG-ESM composites have an average elastic modulus comparable to those from native aortic valve leaflets, which also show good resistance of enzyme degradation and no immune rejection in vivo, thus, are suitable as artificial valve leaflets. This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC #31300788) and Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS Hundred-Talent Program).

Study of antibacterial performance of Mg-Cu alloy on Porphyromonas gingivalis

Event Abstract Back to Event Study of antibacterial performance of Mg-Cu alloy on Porphyromonas gingivalis Xue Zhao1*, Peng Wan2*, Ke Yang2* and Yaping Pan1* 1 China Medical University, School of Stomatology, China 2 Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Metal Research, China Introduction: Bone grafts are widely used in periodontal surgery, such as periodontal regeneration, socket preservation, peri-implant defects, and alveolar bone augmentation. The possibility to reconstruct an infrabony periodontal defect or a resorbed edentulous ridge, or to prevent the resorption of the extraction socket, represents a significant improvement in the treatment of clinical conditions. An ideal bone graft material should be biocompatible, biosafe, non-allergenic, non-toxic, and no risk of disease transmission. It should also have enough mechanical strength for space maintenance and be easy to manipulate during surgical phases. Magnesium alloys are presently investigated as potential implant materials for their good biocompatibility, osteogenesis and biodegradability[1]. More importantly, magnesium has been reported to have antibacterial activity and could therefore be used to prevent implant infections. Degradation of magnesium alloys in the body can locally produce alkaline environment to kill bacteria. But the body fluid will soon neutralize the alkaline and thus reduce the antibacterial effect. Hence a novel Mg-Cu alloy is designed to combine the favorable properties of magnesium with the well-known antibacterial performance of copper ions[3]. Porphyromonas gingivalis is one of the most important periodontal pathogen bacteria. Periodontal doctors can only rely on a large number of antibiotics to prevent postoperative infections[2]. However, the abuse of antibiotics has become a worldwide problem. Therefore, Mg-Cu alloy as a new type of antibacterial bone graft has great research value. In this study, three Mg-Cu alloys with different Cu content, Mg-0.05Cu, Mg-0.2Cu and Mg-0.5Cu, respectively, were studied in order to provide relevant experimental evidence for future application. Methods: Materials: Material extract solution was made according to ISO10993-5. Mg-Cu alloys were immersed separately in brain-heart infusion broth (BHI) for 3h, 6h, 12h, 24h and 48h, and then the alloy extract solution was obtained. Antibacterial test: The strain used in this study was Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC33277. Bacterial suspension (1×109CFU/ml) was added to material extract solution in a proportion of 1:100, and the mixture was incubated anaerobically for 24h. Then the cell suspension was cultivated on a BHI agar plate. The bacteria cells were enumerated after incubation for 7-10 days. Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis was performed to enumerate the definitive qualification of bacteria DNA, and then to calculate the concentration of bacteria in the material extract solution through the standard curve. Results: The antimicrobial activities of Mg-Cu alloys were compared with pure Mg (Fig 1). The 3h extract solution of Mg-Cu alloy showed fast killing rate, and the 24h extract solution achieved nearly 100% killing. While the 12h extract solution of pure Mg showed fast killing rate. In the study of the inhibitory abilities of Mg-Cu alloy and Mg through Real-time PCR, the bacterial concentration through standard curve was calculated (Fig 2). The results showed that the ability of Mg-Cu alloy to inhibit bacteria growth was much stronger than that of pure Mg. But the difference among three Mg-Cu alloys was not much obvious. Conclusion: Mg-Cu alloy has stronger antiseptic effect to Porphyromonas gingivalis than pure Mg, which will have more value in dental application.

Influences of MCrAlY Coatings and TBCs on Oxidation Behavior of a Ni-Based Single Crystal Superalloy

DD98M alloy is a second generation nickel-based single crystal superalloy without Re addition, which is developed by Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences. It is a combination of attractively strong points including high strength and low cost. In this work, Ni-based single crystal superalloy DD98M was adopted as the substrate material. Two types MCrAlY (M denote metal) coatings were deposited on DD98M specimen by arc ion plating and YSZ topcoat (TC) were deposited on the substrate by electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) on the NiCrAlY bond coat (BC). Experimental results showed that the application of the NiCrAlY and NiCoCrAlYHfSi coatings improved the oxidation resistance of DD98M obviously at 1000 °C. The adhesion of oxide scale of NiCoCrAlYHfSi coating was much better than that of NiCrAlY coating. TBCs application greatly enhanced the operating temperature and significantly improved the durability of the substrate. The thermal growth oxidation (TGO) between the bond coat and topcoat play an important role in adhesion of the whole coating system.

Mechanical Behavior of Nanostructured Materials

1College of Aerospace Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China 2College of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China 3Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China 4School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia 5Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China 6Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA

A brief overview of the International Forum on Graphene 2014

The International Forum on Graphene 2014 was held in the Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China from May 18 to 21, 2014. It was organised by the China Association for Science and Technology (CAST) with the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Chinese Materials Research Society, Shenzhen Science and Technology Association and the Science & Technology Innovation Committee of Shenzhen. Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University and the Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences. In this forum, twenty outstanding scientists (10 from abroad and 10 from China) presented their recent research and opinions on future developments on graphene and related carbon materials. More than two hundred people attended. Twenty presentations, including one plenary presentation by Professor Andre Geim, the Nobel Prize winner, ten keynote talks and nine invited presentations, were given. The forum included six topics: fundamentals of graphene and other two-dimensional materials, controlled growth and mass production, unique physical and chemical properties, advanced applications of graphene and carbon nanotubes, opportunities and challenges of graphene industrialization, and future markets and developments. Two dialogue sessions were held to promote academic and industrial discussion about graphene materials, and this advocated the future cooperation of China with other counties. [New Carbon Materials 2014, 29(4): I–II ]

Understanding of Corrosion Phenomena: Process, Mechanism, and Method

1Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan 2Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan 3Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan 4Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Miyagi, Sendai 980-8579, Japan 5 Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 62 Wencui Road, Liaoning, Shenyang 110016, China 6Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering & Petroleum, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat 13060, Kuwait

Steel Research Institutions in China

Steel Research Institutions in China

Study of a New Type High Strength Ni-Based Superalloy DZ468 with Good Hot Corrosion Resistance

The mechanical property, hot corrosion resistance and phase stability of a new-type directional solidification nickel-base superalloy named DZ468 that was developed independently by Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences were investigated in this paper.The rupture properties of DZ468 alloy are nearly the same as those of DZ4125 alloy and its hot corrosion resistance property nearly the same as that of IN738 alloy under the same conditions. There is no finding TCP phase in the DZ468 alloy after aging at 900°C for 1000h. DZ468 alloy displays excellent phase stability.

Nanoparticles Render Visible Light Lethal to Microorganisms

Palladium oxide (PdO) nanoparticles are a key component for rendering visible light lethal for bacteria and viruses, according to materials scientist Jian Ku Shang at the University of Illinois (UI), Urbana-Champaign, and his collaborators there and from the Institute of Metal Research at the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Shenyang, China. Moreover, once activated, the PdO nanoparticles retain their microbiocidal activity and continue to kill Escherichia coli cells for at least 24 h in the dark. Details appear in the Journal of Materials Chemistry (20:1068–1072, 2010).

Comment on “Photocatalytic Oxidation of Arsenite on TiO2: Understanding the Controversial Oxidation Mechanism Involving Superoxides and the Effect of Alternative Electron Acceptors”

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCorrespondence/Rebut...Correspondence/RebuttalNEXTComment on “Photocatalytic Oxidation of Arsenite on TiO2: Understanding the Controversial Oxidation Mechanism Involving Superoxides and the Effect of Alternative Electron Acceptors”W. H. Leng, X. F. Cheng, J. Q. Zhang, and C. N. CaoView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Yuquan Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China Department of Chemistry, Yuquan Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China, and State Key Laboratory for Corrosion and Protection of Metals, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, ChinaCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2007, 41, 17, 6311–6312Publication Date (Web):July 31, 2007Publication History Published online31 July 2007Published inissue 1 September 2007https://doi.org/10.1021/es070349nCopyright © 2007 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views328Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (61 KB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Charge recombination,Electrodes,Oxidation,Oxides,Photonics Get e-Alerts

Numerical/experimental investigations for enhancing the sheet hydroforming process

In this work the authors present some results of their research activity aimed to enhance the sheet hydroforming process. The main focus is the adoption of a movable inferior plate through which the control of the blank forming is realised. Tests on hemitoroidal parts using an innovative equipment with a movable die were carried on at the Institute of Metal Research (Chinese Academy of Sciences) in cooperation with the Aalborg University, putting in evidence main defects and fracture causes. Finite element simulations of the modified hydroforming process using a movable inferior plate were performed at the Centre of Excellence for Mechanical Computation (Polytechnic of Bari), with the aim of evaluating critical strain values and their location, strain paths, load curves and stress maps were analysed. Specimens with proper geometrical shape were designed to avoid possible ruptures and to reduce material thinning in the critical regions.