Installation Process Research Articles

The system of filling the information model of construction structural elements

The article considers the need for information filling of the digital model of the building object. The effectiveness of laser scanning for the real display of the state of building structures and their adequacy to the design data was noted. The effectiveness of laser scanning for the formation of a cloud of spatial points of objects for the further formation of a three-dimensional digital model was noted. Examples of laser scanning of building objects and subsequent reproduction using software of volumetric digital elements from the obtained point cloud are given. It is proposed to consider the filling system of the information model on the example of the developed technology of installation of the structural coating of light metal structures. On the basis of the developed installation technological equipment, control indicators, features of the installation technology, structural features of the building object are determined, which allows entering such data for consideration in the monitoring system of the installation process. All this together makes it possible to develop a generalized database of both the object as a whole and its components, which will take into account the compliance of the manufactured structure with the design data, the preservation of its properties before the installation process, during installation during operation, strengthening, and disposal.

Development, fabrication, and validation of custom-built accelerometers to monitor wave propagation during vibratory soil compaction

Abstract Historically, accelerometers have been heavily utilized in the geotechnical community for applications such as earthquake ground motion monitoring, centrifuge testing, pile driving analysis, and continuous compaction control of soils. Industrial-grade accelerometers that are commonly used for these types of studies can be expensive for monitoring programs requiring a dense configuration of accelerometers. In the current study, a dense array of relatively inexpensive custom-built accelerometers, previously developed by the authors, were deployed along an earthen embankment and subjected to real-world vibratory soil compaction conditions. Several industrial-grade accelerometers were also installed along the embankment for comparison purposes. This study describes the fabrication, calibration, and installation process of these custom-built accelerometers and compares their performance against the industrial-grade accelerometers. Accelerations recorded by both sensors during compaction were generally consistent with one another ultimately indicating that these custom-built accelerometers could offer a cost-effective option for dense sensor arrays for future geotechnical monitoring programs.

Training on Creative Analysis of ANOVA Statistical Tests with SPSS Applications

Background: ANOVA analysis is crucial for comparing multiple population means and is highly beneficial for final-year students. However, many face challenges in mastering it due to the lengthy SPSS installation process and the complexity of ANOVA material. Despite its importance, ANOVA training is rarely conducted. This research aims to fill that gap. Contribution: This community service aims to provide creative training for participants regarding ANOVA analysis using SPSS applications technology. Method: Final-year students (semester 6 and above) participated in basic training using SPSS 22. Pre- and post-training evaluations measured effectiveness. Results: The evaluation results showed that 92% of participants from final year students experienced improvement in mastering ANOVA analysis. Conclusion: This activity successfully increased students' knowledge to master ANOVA analysis using SPSS 22 applications. Thus, it allows the emergence of various research topics that apply the ANOVA application so that research in the academic world becomes better.

Penerapan Teknologi Tepat Guna Pembuatan Biogas dari Kotoran Ternak Dalam Pendampingan Masyarakat Berkelanjutan Kelompok Tani Guo Mandiri di Kelurahan Kuranji Kota Padang

The application of appropriate technology in making biogas from livestock manure is one solution to utilize livestock waste which is often a problem in the community. This article discusses the assistance of the Guo Mandiri farmer group in Kuranji Village, Padang City, in applying biogas technology as a sustainable alternative energy source. This mentoring activity includes education, technical training, to the installation and maintenance process of biogas units. The results show that biogas technology can reduce environmental pollution, reduce community dependence on fossil fuels, and provide additional economic benefits for farmer groups through the use of organic fertilizer produced from the biogas fermentation process. Through a participatory approach and support from various parties, the sustainability of this program is expected to become a model for other regions in the development of community-based renewable energy

PENERAPAN DESIGN THINKING DALAM OPTIMALISASI CUSTOMER JOURNEY DI OKE GARDEN

This study aims to optimize the customer journey at OKE Garden using a Design Thinking approach. The primary issue faced by the company is a decline in revenue in 2024, despite undergoing digital transformation through a website. The approach taken so far has predominantly focused on digitalization without adequately addressing customer needs and challenges throughout their journey. This indicates that the customer journey has not been optimized to deliver a satisfactory experience. The study employs the five stages of Design Thinking (empathize, define, ideate, prototype, and test) to analyze and map the customer journey using Customer Journey Mapping (CJM). The novelty of this research lies in the application of Design Thinking to analyze the customer journey at OKE Garden, providing new insights into customer experience management in the retail sector. The use of Customer Journey Mapping facilitates a more in-depth identification of issues, including ineffective communication, limited design options, and challenges in the installation process and after-sales services. The findings suggest that website optimization, improved coordination, expanded design options, and enhanced after-sales services are necessary to increase customer satisfaction. With these improvements, OKE Garden is expected to enhance service quality, customer satisfaction, and competitiveness in an increasingly competitive market.

3D PRINTING TECHNOLOGY FOR MONOLITHIC BEAMS WITH THE POSSIBILITY OF REINFORCING BARS

The integration of 3D printing technology in construction has the potential to reduce costs and accelerate the construction and installation processes. While this technology is gaining global attention, Ukraine currently lacks regulations governing the design and construction of structures using 3D printing. Additionally, there is a limited experimental base regarding the bearing capacity and deformability of printed structures. This publication proposes a methodology for the production of monolithic beams reinforced with single bars using a construction 3D printer. It outlines the entire process of manufacturing, from the design phase to product fabrication and readiness for experimental research. To carry out the research, the design of the beams was first created using graphic software systems, which facilitated the formulation of tasks for a construction-grade 3D printer, considering the capabilities of this technology. Design and production drawings of the samples are included in this publication. The reinforced monolithic beams were printed using a construction 3D printer by the Ukrainian company 3D TECHNOLOGY UTU LLC, following the developed work algorithm. This methodology enabled the reinforcement of structures with single bars, in compliance with regulatory requirements, while allowing for future experiments. As a result of this work, reinforced monolithic beams were successfully printed using the developed technology. To assess the physical and mechanical characteristics of the materials, samples of cubes and prisms were printed and cast into formwork. Additionally, reinforcement samples were created from the same batch used to reinforce the beams. The proposed technology for producing beams with a 3D construction printer resulted in structures that adhered to previously established design solutions. The detailed sequence for printing beams allowed for effective reinforcement of monolithic beams with single bars.

ANALYSIS OF WORK ACCIDENTS DURING THE PLUMBING INSTALLATION PROCESS USING THE FAULT TREE ANALYSIS METHOD

The plumbing installation process often harbors potential risks that can lead to workplace accidents. Considering the serious consequences of workplace accidents both in terms of health and economy, there are six types of workplace accidents in the plumbing installation process: foot crushed by a pipe, hand cut by a cutting tool blade, eyes exposed to welding smoke, burnt by hot welding slag, sparked by friction between iron and a cutting blade, and leg scratched by the edge of a pipe. This study aims to analyze workplace accident incidents during the plumbing installation process using the Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) method with the hope of identifying the root causes of the accidents and formulating recommendations to improve work safety. The FTA method allows for the development of a systematic model that illustrates the cause-and-effect relationships of system failures and their components. The primary advantage of using FTA is its ability to provide a comprehensive understanding of complex accident scenarios by breaking them down into simpler basic events. The novelty of this research lies in its application of FTA specifically to the plumbing installation process, which has not been extensively explored in previous studies. The results identified that the cause of eyes exposed to welding fumes led to 11 basic events, while the mocus analysis revealed 7 basic events with 11 failure combinations.

Technical and financial evaluation of an emerging thermochemical technology for sustainable management of municipal wastewater sludge.

The management of municipal wastewater sludge is a significant challenge for wastewater management, particularly the need to manage and dispose of the sludge in an environmentally friendly and sustainable manner. The emergence of stricter regulations regarding landfill disposal of wastewater sludge necessitates the need for alternative options for municipal wastewater sludge management, with thermochemical technologies potentially contributing towards achieving carbon neutrality goals and fostering sustainable development. This study sought to address these challenges through a technical and financial evaluation of a pilot-scale emerging thermochemical technology, the enhanced hydrothermal polymerization to provide adequate understanding of the technology's feasibility regarding its application for municipal wastewater sludge volarization into a multi-use hydrochar. The study findings indicated that the enhanced hydrothermal polymerization-generated hydrochar exhibited significant energy content compared to wastewater sludge, suggesting the potential use of the hydrochar as an energy source. The preliminary designs of a full-scale greenfield installation and retrofit processing 50 t/d and 35 t/d dry sludge, respectively, were evaluated to be technically feasible. Furthermore, on the basis of preliminary designs, the enhanced hydrothermal polymerization technology was determined to be the most financially feasible option, also offering other unique advantages over well-established technologies currently used within municipal wastewater services.

A Comprehensive Review on Installation Process and Challenges in Modular Construction

This review paper examines the installation process in modular buildings, focusing on the challenges faced during their implementation. The global building industry is increasingly interested in modular construction due to its potential benefits such as shorter construction times, better quality control, and lower costs. The paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the installation process and its challenges, such as off-site manufacturing, shipping, and on-site assembly, and how these factors affect project success. Modular buildings are increasingly being used in various sectors, including household, business, healthcare, and education. The review provides case studies and examples of successful modular building projects worldwide. The review aims to help individuals develop efficient plans for modular building projects. In conclusion, the assembly process in modular buildings presents several issues that need to be addressed to ensure project success. By being aware of these issues and using the best methods, the building industry can expand the use of modular building techniques and enjoy the benefits associated with them. The review's findings will be beneficial to researchers, builders, and lawmakers. Key Words: Construction techniques; Construction industry; Challenges; Installation process; Modular construction (MC)

Research on Construction Technology of Steel Structure Tie Rod Arch Bridge with Less Support

In order to explore the installation method of the steel box tie-rod arch bridge across the canal, in order to meet the requirements of rapid installation under the condition of near the existing diagonal bridge. Based on qingshuihe Bridge of G50 Shanghai-Chongqing Expressway, the installation technology of steel box pole arch bridge is studied by combining theoretical analysis and field practice. This paper analyzes the construction problem of Qingshuihe Bridge and proposes an construction method of small supports and large sections. The oblique asymmetric beam arch is designed to avoid the influence on the channel headband. The installation process of bridge deck system is optimized, the bending moment of steel beam is effectively reduced, and the temporary span of beam beam installation is improved. The finite element analysis shows that the beam, arch ribs and other components are in good stress condition according to the asymmetric deformation of the boom force, and ensure the smooth installation of the beam and bridge deck.

Parametric Study of Pile Installation Using a Numerical Approach with Material Point Method

In engineering, problems dealing with rigid structures that penetrate the ground are common. A better understanding of the installation process of these bodies can be obtained through numerical studies. Each technique has its own advantages and challenges, and the choice of the appropriate method depends on the specific geotechnical conditions. The main objective of this work is to conduct a parametric study of pile installation by impact driving using a prototype numerical model in order to analyze the behavior of these structures when penetrating the soil. This will enable the construction of more complex numerical models that simulate impact problems, such as driving a conductor casing in oil well projects or installing monopiles in the construction of wind turbines. To achieve the established objectives, the Anura3D is employed, an open source simulator based on Material Point Method (MPM). The parametric study is carried out considering a non-cohesive soil, modeled by Mohr-Coulomb. Additionally, the pile is treated as a rigid body. The parametric study conducted in this work provides valuable insights into optimizing engineering projects, enhancing its efficiency and effectiveness .

Assessment and deployment of a LSTM-based virtual sensor in an industrial process control loop

AbstractMeasurement of certain variables within the industrial sector remains a challenge due to the prohibitive costs of sensors, the intricate installation processes, or the continuous nature of production demands. Moreover, if a backup sensor is required in case the main sensor fails, the installation and maintenance difficulties are further increased. A possibility to address this issue is the indirect estimation of the desired variable by leveraging other correlated measures within the operational process. Data-driven techniques are well-suited for this aim, given their capacity to model potentially complex industrial processes. This paper proposes the implementation of a virtual flow sensor for its integration in the control loop of an industrial process. More specifically, four different data-driven methods have been tested to obtain the virtual sensor: multiple linear regression (MLR), multilayer perceptron (MLP), long-short term memory (LSTM) and deep long-short term memory (DeepLSTM). MAE, RMSE and $$R^2$$ R 2 have been chosen as evaluation metrics for model selection and testing. Furthermore, the robustness of the virtual flow sensor is not only evaluated under ideal operating conditions, but it is also tested under adverse conditions with various noise levels added to the measured signals. Additionally, the performance of the flow control loop using the real and virtual sensors is also evaluated in both ideal and adverse conditions. IAE, ITAE, and IAVU indices are used to assess the control performance. The results prove the robustness of the LSTM-based virtual flow sensor and the effectiveness of the control loop using it, avoiding the modification of the controller and interrupting the process when the real flow sensor fails.

Fully hydro-mechanical coupled analyses of the deep excavation above a multi-aquifer-aquitard system

Fully hydro-mechanical coupled analyses of the deep excavation above a multi-aquifer-aquitard system

Logistic Decisions in the Installation of Offshore Wind Farms: A Conceptual Framework

Offshore wind energy has achieved significant reductions in its levelized cost of energy (LCoE) in the past decade, but still needs efficiency improvements. Approximately 18% of the LCoE is related to logistical costs, underscoring the need for optimization in this area. Despite its importance, logistical decisions during offshore wind farm installations remain underexplored in the literature. This article aims to identify and structure the relationships of logistic decisions to optimize total installation costs. A conceptual framework is proposed, detailing logistical decisions and their influencing factors. The results are based on a literature review and survey research for validation with specialists in logistics and offshore wind farms. The findings include the key decisions: port installation selection; vessel fleet selection; installation strategy selection; turbine pre-assembly method selection; aggregate planning approach; installation schedule coverage; storage strategy of components; and the degree of sharing information. The framework reveals the importance of coordinating the value chain in the installation process, mainly due to the influence of weather factors; the logistic decisions, when considered in a systemic view, can contribute to a global efficiency gain in the installation process.

Comparative Study of Core Material's Stiffness on Sandwich Panel with Composite Face Sheets beyond the Yield Point

The study aims to explore the performance of sandwich panels exceeding the yield point stiffness of the core material. Sandwich panels have gained growing attention among designers owing to their excellent corrosion properties, and lightweight, and speedy installation process. They have been applied in numerous industrial sectors, including aerospace, architectural, marine, and transportation. Typically, sandwich panels are composed of a single central core sandwiched by a pair of outer face sheets, where the core is normally developed using softer materials compared to the face sheets. Given that past studies have primarily focused on sandwich panels in the elastic range, this present study explored the performance of sandwich panels exceeding the yield point stiffness of the core material. The univariate search optimization method was utilized to assess the elastic modulus ratio of the core (typically foam) to the face sheet (composite material). The load was elevated in a quasi-static order until the face sheets reached their yield point. Subsequently, the panel was simulated using the finite element analysis commercial package ANSYS APDL, with simply supported boundary conditions used on all sides of the panel. The proposed model was verified by comparing the numerical and experimental data from recent literature. Based on the results, the panel's increased load-carrying capacity corresponded as the core material stiffness exceeded its yield limit. Moreover, the transmission of load to the face sheets increased as the core stiffness decreased. In summary, stiffer core materials caused the sandwich panel to behave more as isotopic face sheets. Thus, the face sheets yielded ahead of the core material.

Mechanical behavior of composite slabs with recycled concrete aggregates: A preliminary study

Mechanical behavior of composite slabs with recycled concrete aggregates: A preliminary study

Evaluating Thin-Film Thermocouple Performance on Additively Manufactured Turbine Airfoils

Abstract As gas turbine engine designs continue to target higher turbine entry temperatures for increased thermal efficiency, gas turbine manufacturers and operators require additional feedback from life-limited engine components. Moreover, additively manufactured (AM) hardware is becoming more prevalent in the engine development cycle to reduce component lead times and associated costs. Although additive manufacturing unlocks unique capabilities for sensor integration, the inherent roughness from additive surfaces poses unique challenges to the direct-write sensor installation processes. The current study addresses these realities by demonstrating sensor operation on additively manufactured vane hardware in a turbine research facility operating at scaled conditions. Thin-film thermocouples were deposited on fully-cooled AM turbine vanes and tested over a range of operating conditions in a one stage research turbine at Penn State University. The low-profile surface-mounted sensors were compared with traditional small-diameter embedded thermocouples in terms of calibration accuracy and durability. A comparison between traditional masked thermal spray and direct-write installation was also evaluated as part of the sensor integration strategy for the AM vanes. Ultimately, this study shows thin-film thermocouples on additively manufactured airfoils can operate reliably over an extended test campaign in rig-scaled conditions. Furthermore, the measurement accuracy of thin-film thermocouples demonstrated through this study is equivalent to traditional mineral-insulated thermocouple sensors showing the utility of these technologies for future turbine research and development applications.

Broad-scale Electroluminescence analysis of 5 million+ photovoltaic cells for defect detection and degradation assessment

Broad-scale Electroluminescence analysis of 5 million+ photovoltaic cells for defect detection and degradation assessment

Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Reeled X65 Pipeline Steel during Cyclic Plastic Deformation and Natural Aging

The reel laying is recognized as a cost‐effective installation process for offshore pipelines. However, the mechanical properties are modified due to plastic deformation during the reel laying and lowering process of reeled pipelines and the subsequent natural aging in service. Cyclic plastic deformation (CPD) is conducted on X65 pipeline steel to simulate the strain experienced in the reel‐laying and lowering process, and then, the CPD specimen is aged at 250 °C to simulate natural aging in service. The dislocation configurations gradually evolve from dislocation lines and tangles into dislocation walls and cells due to the increase in strain level. After CPD and aging, the tensile strength increases by about 25 MPa, which is not significantly affected by the last introduced load direction and strain level. At the end of compressive loading, the yield strength and yield ratio decrease, but the uniform elongation increases significantly. In contrast, at the end of tensile loading, the yield strength and yield ratio increase, but the uniform elongation decreases slightly. The yield strength further increases as the strain level increases from 2 to 3%. Therefore, CPD and aging modify the mechanical properties of X65, considerably depending on the last introduced load direction and strain level.

A novel method to study the long period three-dimensional vibration characteristics of herringbone gear with asymmetry pitch deviation

A novel method to study the long period three-dimensional vibration characteristics of herringbone gear with asymmetry pitch deviation