Incidence Of Insect Pests Research Articles

Seasonal incidence of insect pest of banana (Musa paradisiaca) from Gangetic basin of West Bengal, India

Present study was carried out during 2018–23 at Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Nadia, West Bengal with a view to ascertain the seasonal incidence of major insect pests and occurrence of new emerging pests of banana (Musa paradisiaca L.) crop. The study revealed that leaf and fruit scarring beetle Basilepta subcostata (Jacoby) was most dominating insect-pest followed by rugose spiralling whitefly (Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin). All the studied weather parameters collectively influenced 90, 87, 87 and 77% of variations in the incidence of B. subcostata (Jacoby), Odioporus longicolis (Olivier), A. rugioperculatus (Martin) and Oligonychus sapienticolus (Gupta), respectively. Barring Oligonychus sapienticolus (Gupta), all other studied insects had significant positive correlation with different weather parameters except sunshine hours that showed positive correlation with the spider mite. Besides, few insects were recorded as emerging problem of banana crop in this state like banana lace wing bug Stephanitis typica (Distant), sucking pest of banana foliage and brown tussock moth Olene mendosa (Hubner) feeding on the unfurled leaf of the seedling suckers and thus causing considerable damage.

Seasonal Incidence of Insect Pests and Natural Enemies in Foxtail Amaranthus and Spinach and Efficacy of Dimethoate Against Insect Pests Infesting Leafy Vegetables

An investigation was made to study the efficacy of dimethoate against sucking and defoliator pest-infesting foxtail amaranths and spinach. The efficacy of dimethoate was evaluated at two doses, one at the recommented does of 200 g active ingredient (a.i.) ha-1 and other at double the recommended dose of 400 g a.i. ha-1 along with control and the other at double the recommended dose of 400 g a.i ha-1 along with control. The incidence of leaf webber (Hymenia recurvalis), ear-head bug (Cletus pugnator), Thrips (Thrips tabaci) and leaf miner (Liriomyza trifoli) were observed in foxtail amaranth. In spinach, leaf-eating caterpillars (Spodoptera litura), cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon) and Thrips (Thrips tabaci) were recorded. In spinach at the third leaf stage, nearly 9.20% leaf defoliation, 10.34% leaf damage and a mean thrips population of 3.48/five plants with a mean predator population of 0.32/ five plants were recorded. In the efficacy study, dimethoate was efficient in reducing the infestation of the leaf webber population with pre-mean count of 4.4± 0.87 in control and 1.2± 0.03 in X dose and 0.0± 0.0 in 2X dose after a day after treatment (DAT) in foxtail amaranths. In an efficacy study of dimethoate on thrips in spinach and foxtail amaranth, a complete reduction of thrips population was observed on 3 DAT at X dose and 2X dose with mean thrips population on control was 17.1± 2.12 in spinach and 8.5± 1.24 in foxtail amaranth 3 DAT. These findings indicate that dimethoate application has promising potential as a practical approach for managing insect pests in foxtail amaranth and spinach crops.

Biological strategies to control caterpillars in soybean, cotton and maize in the main producing regions of Brazil

Soybean, cotton and maize crops represent some of the main agricultural commodities grown during the hot season in Brazil. In order to provide more effective control options to producers, it is essential to deepen studies on management strategies using biological insecticides. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the application of the bioinsecticide Ocimum basilicum, in controlling the caterpillar complex, notably the looper (Chrysodeixis includens) in soybeans, the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) in maize and the cotton leafworm caterpillar (Alabama argillacea) in cotton, as a control alternative aimed at mitigating damage and contributing to more sustainable agricultural practices. Experiments were carried out in each culture in various environments in the states of MT, MS, SP and PR in Brazil. A randomized block design with four replications was used in all the experiments. Agronomic traits, insect pest incidence and insecticide efficiency were evaluated for each of the crops. The data were subjected to after being subjected to stratified analysis of variance for each experimental phase. The interaction significant interactions were broken down to simple effects using Tukey's multiple comparison test of means at 5% probability. Subsequently, Scott-Knott mean grouping was used at 5% probability. Management using 1L per hectare of basil extract (Ocimum basilicum L) demonstrated satisfactory efficacy in controlling the caterpillar complex, approaching the results obtained with traditional chemical control.

Seasonal Incidence of Major Insect Pests in Mungbean; Vigna radiata (L. Wilczek)

The current studies on seasonal incidence of major insect pests were carried out at Students’ Instructional Farm of Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya (UP), India during Kharif 2022 and 2023. The current study revealed that whitefly, B. tabaci was commenced from the second fortnight of July and touched the peak at 32th (9.8 whitefly per cage) and 35th SMW (9.4 whitefly per cage) in both the year, respectively. The populations of B. tabaci had a significant negative correlation with rainfall (r= -0.699) in Kharif 2022. The jassid had the highest population in 34th SMW (4.6 jassid/cage) in Kharif 2022, while in second year, maximum jassid population of 5.1 jassid/cage was recorded during 33rd SMW. Wind speed had a significant and negative effect (r=-0.804) on the population of jassid during Kharif 2023. Seasonal abundance of thrips showed that, in first year, the thrips activity reached maximum at 33rd SMW (1.2 trips/5 flower buds). In next season, peak population of 1.4 thrips per 5 flower buds was in 32nd SMW. The correlation study during both the season revealed that the sunshine hours (r= -0.683) showed significant and negative effect on thrips population in 2023. Peak pod borer damage was observed in 36th SMW (5.3%) and 35th SMW (6.7%) during 2022 and 2023, respectively. Correlation between pod borer damage and weather parameters showed that wind speed had negative and significant (r= -0.707) effect on borer damage in first year.

Incidence of Insect Pests and Its Natural Enemies of Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) in Relation to Weather Parameters under Field Conditions

The study was carried out in the field at the Horticultural Polyhouse, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, during the rabi season of 2022–2023. In the field, aphid infestation peaked in the last week of November (48th SMW), while lepidopteran pests (tobacco caterpillar, DBM, and leaf webber) peaked in January (3rd, 2nd, and 1st SMW, respectively). Coccinellids, syrphids, and spiders had average populations of 0.80, 0.21, and 0.03 correspondingly. Aphids were shown to have a non-significant link with weather factors, showing negative correlations with maximum temperature, sunshine, wind, and rainfall and positive correlations with minimum temperature and RH I & II. While leaf webber and DBM showed a non-significant negative connection with sunshine and wind speed, they displayed a non-significant positive correlation with maximum temperature, RH I & II, and rainfall. Additionally, they showed a strong inverse relationship with evaporation. The maximum and minimum temperatures were shown to have a non-significantly positive connection with tobacco caterpillar and semilooper.

Seasonal Incidence of Insect Pests of Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) and their Correlation with Weather Parameters

Seasonal Incidence of Insect Pests of Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) and their Correlation with Weather Parameters

Seasonal incidence of insect-pests affecting Aonla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) in relation to abiotic factors

The observations were recorded at Sardarkrushinagar, Gujarat during 2021 at fortnightly intervals in field from 1st Standard Meteorological Week (SMW) to 52nd SMW. The damage due to Betousa stylophora Swinhoe ranged between 0.80 and 48.8 percent with its peak (48.8% twig damage) in the 35th SMW, while the leaflet damage due to leaf rolling caterpillar ranged between 0.11 and 12.48 percent and exhibited its peak (12.48%) during the 31st SMW. In the case of bark eating caterpillar, the infestation ranged between 2.00 and 10.00 percent branch damage and reached its peak level (10.00%) during 26th SMW. Commencement of aphid appearance was recorded from 15th SMW with 0.02 aphid index, which reached its first peak (2.78 index) during 24thSMW and second peak (1.12 index) during 31st SMW. Physical factors viz. minimum temperature (MinT), morning relative humidity (RH1), evening relative humidity (RH2), rainfall (RF) and bright sunshine (BSS) established significant correlation with ‘r’ value of 0.521**, 0.578**, 0.887**, 0.605** and -0.665**, respectively with gall forming black caterpillar. The infestation of leaf rolling caterpillar established significant correlation with MinT (r= 0.592**), RH1 (r= 0.636**), RH2 (r= 0.883**), wind speed (WS) (r= 0.395**), RF (r= 0.521**) and BSS (r= -0.770**). The activity of bark eating caterpillar established significant positive correlation with physical factors viz., MinT (r= 0.436*), RH2 (r= 0.404*) and WS (r= 0.663**) whereas, aphid showed positive association with MinT (r= 0.588*), RH1 (r= 0.424*), RH2 (r= 0.385*) and WS (r= 0.824**). Key words- Aonla, Betousa stylophora,Cerciaphis emblica,Gracillaria acidula, Inderbela tetraonis,, Insects, Seasonal incidence

Formulation and Validation of Organic Insect Pest Management Module for Pests of Cabbage and Cauliflower in Valley and Foot Hills Region, Manipur, India

During the rabi seasons from 2017 to 2020 in the valley and foothill regions of Imphal, Manipur, a study was conducted to design and test three different organic insect pest management modules M1, M2 and M3 for cabbage and cauliflower. The focus was on three major pests: cabbage butterfly, diamondback moth, and cabbage aphid. Module three (M-3) emerged as the most effective strategy, incorporating various organic practices. This included seed treatment with Trichoderma harzianum at 10g/kg seed and soil drenching in nursery plots at 25g/100 m2, intercropping with mustard, application of anonnin extract at 5 ml/litre, Spinosad 45% SC (biopesticide) at 3ml/10 litres, and Verticillium lecanii at 10 ml/litre. Additionally, the module incorporated the installation of yellow sticky traps for aphids and pheromone traps for diamondback moths for monitoring and mass trapping. The results indicated that Module 3 performed well than other modules and the control group in reducing insect pest incidence on cabbage and cauliflower with the number of cabbage butterfly ranging from 0.07 to 0.11, in both cabbage and cauliflower, where as 0.06 to 0.04 in case of Diamond back moth and 0.21 to 0.47 number of cabbage aphid per square inch leaf area with B:C ratio of 1:12.4 and 1:12.7 for cabbage and 1:6:39 and1:6.41 for cauliflower at lamphel and lanol fields, respectively. Moreover, it contributed to an increased yield, demonstrating its superiority in organic insect pest management for both valley and foothill regions. This underscores the effectiveness of a holistic and integrated approach to pest management in organic farming practices.

Impact of different intercrops on the incidence of insect pests in cabbage

Impact of different intercrops on the incidence of insect pests in cabbage

Incidence of major insect pests and its natural enemies of Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) under Polyhouse conditions

Incidence of major insect pests and its natural enemies of Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) under Polyhouse conditions

Influence of Weather Factors on the Incidence of Major Insect Pests of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)

Population dynamics of major pests viz., web worm, Antigastra catalaunalis (Duponchel), leaf hoppers Orosius albicinctus (Distant) and gallfly Asphondilia sesami (Felt) infesting sesame was studied in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India during Rabi and Kharif seasons of the year 2020. Correlation between the pest population, percent damage and weather parameters was analyzed and regression equations were developed. The incidence of leaf hoppers, web worm and gallfly on sesame crop during Rabi season started on 4th, 3rd and 7th Standard meteorological week (SMW) respectively. The peak attained on 8th,11th, and 11th SMW with population of leafhoppers and damage by web worm and gallfly (2.01/plant,60.04 percent and 49.68 percent) respectively during Rabi season. In case of leafhopper and web worm, minimum temperature (r=0.031r=0.373) had non-significant positive correlation whereas mean relative humidity (r=-0.02) registered non-significant negative correlation with leaf hopper and web worm significant negative correlation Gall fly incidence showed significant positive correlation with maximum and minimum temperature. Whereas in Kharif season, incidence of leafhoppers, web worm and gallfly on sesame crop started on 33rd, 32nd and 37th SMW respectively. The peak activity and incidence was noticed during 37th, 39th and 40th SMW for leafhoppers, web worm and gallfly respectively. The correlation between weather parameters and incidence of major pests followed a similar pattern to kharif season. Regression analysis data revealed that the multiple non-linear regression equations are sufficient to predict the pest population with prevailing weather parameters.

Incidence and Occurrence of Insect Pest Associated with White Button Mushroom Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach in Himachal Pradesh, India

Incidence and Occurrence of Insect Pest Associated with White Button Mushroom Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach in Himachal Pradesh, India

Possible impact of climate change on incidence of insect pests of rice

Possible impact of climate change on incidence of insect pests of rice

Developing Biocontrol Strategies for the Management of Set rot Disease of Sugarcane under Wider Row Planting

Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is one of the economically valuable agricultural crops grown worldwide in tropical and subtropical areas mainly for their sugar source. Among the 110 sugarcane cultivated countries, India and Brazil contribute half of global production [1]. During the period of last five decades the production, productivity and sugarcane recovery has also shown remarkable resilience in productivity growth rate. One of the reasons for the low productivity and recovery is increasing incidence of insect pests and diseases. An ecologically friendly alternative to these problems is biological control using rhizobacteria and their metabolic products [2]. In order to develop a technology capsule Surveys and surveillance were conducted in sugarcane fields both in plant and ratoon crops distributed in Orthanadu and Vallam block in New Cauvery delta area of Thanjavur dictrict during three consecutive years 2019- 22 with an objective to assess the incidence of sett rot, red rot and smut in New Cauvery delta area of Thanjavur dictrict. Fortnightly fixed plot observation was taken. The Maximium and minimum temperature, RH and quantity of rain and rainy days also recorded daily and consolidated on monthly basis and weather parameters were correlated with the incidence of disease. The results revealed that the maximum incidence sett rot negatively correlated with temperature. Similarly the number of rainy days and rainfall is positively correlated (r = 0.7523) with incidence of sett rot. For managing sett rot disease of sugarcane through biological approach, studies were conducted on biocontrol agents viz., Trichoderma asperellum (TNAU), Bacillus subtilis (TNAU), Chaetomium globosum (Cg6) with fungicide check propiconozole 0.1%. Among the treatment, highest millable cane (91,080/ha) and yield (91.39 tonnes / ha) and sugar yield ( 10.63 tonnes/ha) were recorded in M1- (Single bud treated with Trichoderma asperellum (TNAU)@ 4 g l-1 + soil application @ 2.5 kg ha-1) followed by M2- (Single bud treated with Bacillus subtilis (TNAU)@ 10 g l-1 + soil application @ 2.5 kg ha-1) in which, the cane yield of 88.54 tonnes/ha and sugar yield of 10.68 tonnes/ha were recorded. This study provides a technology capsule for the management of important disease of sugarcane.

Status quo of insect pests – a decade of survey in Groundnut ecosystem

Groundnut, Arachis hypogea L. is an important oilseed crop and the insecticides to manage these pests increase the plant protection cost much if not taken at right time and also result in ecological imbalance. In order to minimize the cost of management and economic sustainability, real time management of the pests is the need of the hour. In this regard, monitoring of incidence of insect pests in groundnut ecosystem was carried out at Main Agricultural Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka for a period for over a decade (2012-2022). The pooled data showed that the maximum damage by Spodoptera litura Fab, and leaf miner was noticed during 45-75 days of crop growth wherein, spodoptera damage ranged from 10-25 percent while, the leafminer damage ranged from 5-20 percent. However, there was negligible damage by Helicoverpa armigera Hubner. Meanwhile, The leafhopper activity started from 35th standard week and the peak activity was noticed at the 43rd standard week with a foliage damage of 10-15 per cent which continued up to 45th standard week. Later on, the per cent foliage damage due to leafhopper gradually declined. Similarly, the peak activity of thrips was noticed during 40th standard week (4.0/ terminal bud) which continued till 43th standard week and thereafter the population declined.

Experimental Incidence and Severity of Insect Pests of Brinjal (Solanum melongena)

The maximum population of Leucinodes orbonalis (fruit & shoot borer) could be recorded at 40 SW or fourth week of September in 2014 and 41 SW 1st week of October in 2015 at a temperature range of 26-350C and RH 49-78% in season 2014 and 26-360C temperature and RH 48-81% in season 2015. At this temperature range and RH, 5.50/leaves in 2014 and 5.20/leaves in 2015. The maximum population of Amrasca biguttula biguttula was recorded at 40 SW or the fourth week of September in 2014 and 41 SW in 1st week of October in 2015 at a temperature range of 26-350C and RH 49-78% in season 2014 and 26-350C temperature and RH 48-81% in season 2015. At this temperature range and RH, 23.7/leaves in 2014 and 22.8/leaves in 2015. After that, it went on decreasing and became negligible at 49 SW.

Occurrence of Insect-Pest of Cluster Bean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (Linn.) Taubert] Associated with Meteorological Parameters in Gird Region of Madhya Pradesh, India

Insects are a big threat in agriculture. To study about insect pests complex of the cluster bean, a field experiment conducted at Research Farm, Rajmata Vijyaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh during Kharif season 2022-23. The incidence of insect pests observed on kharif cluster bean, namely thrips, Megleurothrips distalis (karny), Jassid, Empoasca kerri (Pruthi) aphid, Aphis craccivora (Koch) and whiteflies, Acaudaleyrodes rachipora (Singh). Peak population of aphid, Jassid and whitefly were observed during 37th SMW (2nd week of September) (4.39, 5.74 and 5.67 individuals/leaf, respectively); while peak population of thrips were observed during 38th SMW (3rd week of September) (4.75 individuals/leaf), thrips peak population was observed 38th SMW (3rd week of August) (3.70 thrips/leaf). Population of aphid and Jassid showed positive significant correlation with rainfall (r= 0.505*) and (r= 0.498*), respectively. Population of aphid, jassid and whitefly showed highly significant positive correlation with minimum temperature (r= 0.684**), (r= 0.745**) and (r= 0.591*), respectively. Population of aphid, jassid, thrips and whitefly showed significant positive correlation with evening relative humidity (r= 0.606*), (r= 0.621*), (r= 0.511*) and (r= 0.498*).

Impact of Date of Sowing and Weather Parameters on Insect Pests Infesting Summer Mungbean

An experiment was conducted at Pulses Research Station, SDAU, Sardarkrushinagar during summer 2021 and 2022 to find out the insect pests attacking mungbean crop sowing at different dates to determine the optimum date(s) of sowing. It is seen that the incidence and population fluctuation of various insect pests was very much dependent on the prevailed climatic conditions of the cropping season. Study on the impact of date of sowing on sucking pests revealed that the sucking pest populations of whitefly, leafhopper and thrips were significantly high during the crop sown on February 15 and March 8 during both years, and high pod borer damage and low yield were also recorded on this date of sowing. Sucking pest population and percent pod borer damage were comparatively low on the date of sowing on February 26th, and the highest yield was also recorded on this date of sowing. The last week of February is advisable for sowing summer mungbean to get a higher yield and the lowest sucking pest and pod borer populations

Influence of Silicic Acid Foliar Spray on the Incidence of Sucking Insect Pests and their Natural Enemies in Rapeseed

Silicon induces resistance in various crops against insect pests of diverse feeding guilds, including hemipterans, through upregulation of plant defense mechanisms along with maintenance of plant physiological processes. The present investigation to study the effect of silicon in the form of silicic acid (SA) against major sucking insect pests (Lipaphis erysimi and Bagrada hilaris) and natural enemies (Coccinella transversalis and Episyrphus balteatus) in rapeseed revealed that the foliar application of SA @ 0.4% thrice at 30, 40 and 50 days after sowing significantly reduced the colonization of L. erysimi as against non-significant effect on the population of B. hilaris. Three sprays of SA @ 0.4% significantly increased the population of C. transversalis without any significant effect on E. balteatus population. The silicon content of the rapeseed grains was also found to be significantly enhanced (0.32%) with 3 sprays of SA @ 0.4%.

Population Dynamics of Insect Pests of Pea

The seasonal incidence of major insect pests on pea Pisum sativum at different growth stages has been assessed in this study. Major pests observed include gram pod borer Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner), blue butterfly Lampedes boeticus (L.), pea leaf miner Chromatomyia horticola Goureau and pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris). These results revealed that peak incidence of H. armigera (7.80 larvae/ plant) and L. boeticus (8.60 larvae/ plant) was during the 8th and 9th SMW, respectively; while for C. horticola (5.50 larvae/ leaf) and A. pisum (94.1 aphids/ plant) it was 5th SMW. Helicoverpa armigera incidence revealed a significant negative correlation with minimum temperature (r= -0.628) while for L. boeticus it was positive one with maximum temperature (r= 0.604). The incidence of C. horticola was observed to be significantly negatively correlated with minimum temperature and rainfall (r= -0.826 and r= -0.584, respectively); while A. pisum revealed a significant negative correlation with minimum temperature (r= -0.806).