Input Process Output Research Articles

Assessing Employability: Tracing BA Sociology Graduates from MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, Philippines

This study evaluated the employability of Bachelor of Arts in Sociology graduates from MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, focusing on their demographic profile and employment characteristics. Using the Input, Process, Output (IPO) model and a sample of 153 graduates from 2016 to 2021, the research found that the majority of participants were female, with 78% employed primarily in government, private sectors, and NGOs, earning between 10,000 and 14,999 pesos monthly. Most graduates secured their first job within a year and found their degree relevant to their roles. Key skills such as work ethics, teamwork, verbal communication, and interpersonal skills were highlighted as valuable in the workplace. The study also noted high satisfaction with the program’s faculty,curriculum, facilities, and library resources, affirming the curriculum's relevance and competitiveness in the job market. Recommendations included enhancing internships, immersive activities, and faculty-student relations. However, the findings may not fully capture current job market conditions. Future research could investigate graduates' job satisfaction, the perceived relevance of their education, and their lived experiences in the workforce.

Optimizing laser cladding process parameters for transformation-induced plasticity FeMnCoCr high entropy alloy: A multi-objective approach

A multi-objective optimization approach utilizing the response surface method (RSM) is proposed to determine the optimal processing parameters for laser cladding of Fe50Mn30Co10Cr10 coating. In this paper, a single-variable control method was employed to adjust the laser cladding parameters, and preliminary experiments were conducted to establish the optimization range for the RSM laser cladding parameters. A mathematical prediction model of input processing parameters (laser power, scanning speed and powder feed speed) and output response (dilution rate, W/H, microhardness and porosity) was established by the response surface method. The results indicated that both the dilution rate and microhardness had a positive correlation with laser power and scanning speed, while they were negatively correlated with the powder feed rate. The scanning speed is the most significant factor influencing the porosity of the coating, followed by the powder feed rate. The optimal processing parameters were identified as follows: laser power at 1750 W, scanning speed at 8.0 mm/s, and powder feed rate at 11.5 g/min. The model demonstrated strong agreement with the experimental results. The coating molding quality is exceptional, with an average porosity of 0.07 % and an average microhardness of 208.32 HV0.2. Meanwhile, the coating was composed of HCP phase and FCC phase, with the HCP phase comprising15.6 % and the FCC phase 84.4 %, respectively. Under the optimal processing parameters, the Fe50Mn30Co10Cr10 high-entropy alloy coating demonstrated impressive ductility and strength, with a deformation of 55.93 % and a compressive strength of 2153.7 MPa. The fracture mechanism of Fe50Mn30Co10Cr10 coatings is transcrystalline fracture and toughness fractures.

Assessment Literacy of Secondary School Teachers and Its Impact on Student's Performance in the Division of Gingoog City

This study examined teacher’s assessment literacy and its probable impact on students’ performance through the intervening variables of the teachers. The study had 234 public secondary school teachers in the Division of Gingoog City. It employed the Input-Process-Output (IPO) Model of David Bushnell which illustrates how teachers’ demographics (input): length of service, DepEd issuances, and assessment training/s attended, assessment literacy (process): assessment knowledge, assessment practices/beliefs and assessment result utilization will impact students’ performance (output). The results showed that most of the respondents have been in the service for five years and below, a little over half have attended training on test construction and table of specification, and on average only a little more than one-fourth of the teachers received copies of DepEd issuances relative to assessment. Additionally, it revealed that there is no conclusive evidence to show a direct correlation between teachers’ assessment literacy and students’ performance which means none of the assessment literacy variables significantly impact students’ performance. The results further revealed that no significant difference was noted in teachers’ length of service and DepEd issuance to assessment literacy. However, a highly significant difference was noted in assessment training attended and assessment literacy. It also disclosed that no matter how long the teachers have been in the service, whether they have copies of all DepEd issuances, these do not contribute to their literacy in assessment. The findings in this study underscored the need to provide quality and effective inputs from both the department and the respondents. There has to be a relevant and appropriate process to effect quality output, which is commendable student performance.

The role of multidisciplinary collaborations in publishing innovation

Product innovation is crucial for the future of the publishing industry, and the objective of this study was to understand the role of multi-disciplinarity in publishing innovation teams, typical patterns of interaction between team members, and similarities and differences in multidisciplinary innovation teams across national boundaries (US, Canada, and Germany). This is an exploratory study from Portland State University, Stuttgart Media University and Toronto Metropolitan University based on twenty-one qualitative in-depth interviews with publishing employees involved in the innovation process. The study reveals that multidisciplinary innovation teams are common in all three countries. Using an input-process-output (IPO) model, researchers found three main things: 1) input from outside the company is helpful; 2) corporate culture, familiarity and psychological safety foster creativity during the innovation process; and 3) innovation output is often evaluated by low-cost prototypes presented to the target audience.

Responsive Knowledge Management Framework in the Philippine House of Representatives for Policy Development

This study formulated a Knowledge Management Framework for the Philippine House of Representatives Secretariat- the organizational arm of the House of Representatives (HRep) to improve the technical and administrative support services to the House Members. The researcher interviewed employees from the Committee Affairs Department to describe their required features of a technology-based system, practices, and initiatives for the implementation of a framework as a basis for the development of a KM system. The developed KM framework integrated the models of Alshamsi and Othman, 2021 and the Input-Process-Output (IPO) model Galais et. al (2021), illustrated the cyclical nature of knowledge creation, sharing, and utilization within the organization, and the researcher included an outcome as the framework should reflect the long term development goals of the HRep. The framework will be the basis of the HRep in assessing the current systems in the HRep, evaluating the proposed systems, and developing indicators for monitoring and evaluation in case a certain system is already implemented.

Analisis Recruitment Online pada PT. Tri Jaya Teknik Karawang

In the current era of globalization, ever-developing computer and internet technology always makes everything easier, including the recruitment process. The aim of this research is to find out, analyze and explain how online and offline recruitment is analyzed. The research design used in this research is descriptive research with a descriptive qualitative approach, and observations in the company environment, by interviewing several people in the company according to the data requirements. This research was carried out at PT. Tri Jaya Teknik Karawang which is located on Jl. Alternative Krajan II Ds. Warung Bambu Kec. Karawang. Researchers used the IPO (Input Process Output) method, interviews were obtained from the company's HR department. Online recruitment analysis uses Google Drive to collect data files and online tests, then uses Zoomeet for Keywords : Interview,Online, Technology,Recruitment

Innovative Combination of Dodgeball and Soccer Skills in Developing a Recreational Game

Today, traditional games are important because they hold cultural value, foster social interaction, require physical movement, and impart critical thinking skills needed in a multifaceted, interconnected world. This research focuses on creating a modified recreational game called Likyan-Bola, blending elements of dodgeball and soccer kicking skills to suit the needs and abilities of different groups. The study involved 200 participants from Mindanao State University- General Santos City, including varsity athletes, physical education students, and Bachelor of Physical Education students. The Input-Process-Output (IPO) Model was used for qualitative research design, employing the Successive Approximation Model (SAM). Feedback from participants highlighted the game's positive reception, with themes emerging around the modified game's development, gender inclusivity, and skill competence. Overall, Likyan-Bola was found to be playable, valid, and well-received, suggesting its potential for widespread adoption in physical education classes.

Service quality attributes on customers’ perceived value and behavioral intention of district health centres: a moderating effect of health-care subsidy

PurposeThis study aims to explore the influence of health-care service quality on customers’ perceived value, satisfaction, effectiveness and behavioural intention concerning district health centres (DHCs) in Hong Kong. This research also intends to assess customers’ perception of the subsidy scheme and its influence on the relationships amongst the aforementioned constructs.Design/methodology/approachThe convenience and snowball sampling approaches were adopted, and the self-administered questionnaire was sent to 309 customers of DHCs.FindingsService quality attributes in terms of staffing and procedures positively increased customers’ perceived value and staffing, procedures and operations. Physical facilities positively promoted customers’ satisfaction, consequently improving DHCs’ effectiveness and behavioural intention. However, core treatments and services of DHCs did not impact customers’ perceived value and satisfaction. Furthermore, customers receiving subsidies exhibited a more positive perception than those without subsidies.Practical implicationsHealth-care organisations are advised to strategically allocate resources (staffing, facilities and procedures and operations management) to optimise overall performance outcomes. DHC operators could reinforce the core services of DHCs and health-care voucher subsidies to local citizens so as to enhance the effectiveness of DHCs and behavioural intention of customers.Originality/valueThis study integrates the input–process–output approach in measuring the effectiveness of and customers’ behavioural intention towards newly established DHCs.

Evaluation of Rural Urban Waste Management : Integrating Logic Model and GIS Approach in Pemalang, Central Java, Indonesia

To carry out the mandate of Presidential Regulation Number 97 of 2017 concerning Household Waste Management Policies and Strategies, the Pemalang Regency Government issued Regent Regulation Number 60 of 2018. This policy consists of 2 (two) main programs, namely the waste reduction program with a target of 30% and waste treatment, with a target 70%. This study aims to evaluate the program. The methods used are logic model and GIS. Logic models evaluate input process output and program outcomes, while GIS evaluates geospatial program achievements. Total of 8 indicators were evaluated, consisting of 3 (three) indicators for the reduction program and 5(five) indicators for the treatment program. For waste reduction program, 3 (three) indicators that are assessed, namely 1) Development of waste banks; 2) Development of compost houses and 3) development of TPS3R. In handling, 5 (five) indicators were analyzed, namely 1). Sorting; 2) Collection; 3) Transportation; 4) Itermediate Treatment; 5). Final treatment. Assessment for 2 years (2021-2023) shows 1). The number of waste banks increased by 32 units from 63 to 95 units; 2) Composting facilities increased by 2 units from 1 to 3) TPS3R facilities increased by 3 units from 3 to 6. GIS analysis showt that waste reduction programs are implemented mostly in urban areas. For treatment program, 84.92% of waste has been handled while 15.08% has not yet. The number of TPS for collection increased by 18 units from 116 units, to 134 units. There have been no significant changes regarding sorting and transportation and Intermediate treatment. In 2023, a landfill fire occurred, indicating that the final processing facilities were not yet optimal.

Leveraging artificial intelligence in firm-generated online customer communities: a framework and future research agenda

PurposeIn an era where complex technological advances increasingly govern service delivery, it is incumbent on service firms to pioneer innovative strategies to sustain customer engagement and cultivate loyalty. This conceptual paper examines the transformative potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in the realm of online customer communities, with a particular focus on its creation, management and enhancement facets. The authors explore how AI can revolutionize the dynamics of customer interaction, feedback mechanisms and overall engagement within the service industry.Design/methodology/approachThis conceptual paper draws from marketing and management literature focusing on customer communities and AI in service and customer engagement contexts with a robust future research agenda.FindingsA classification of online customer community engagement is provided along with a conceptual framework to guide our understanding of the integration of AI into online customer communities.Originality/valueThis exploration underscores the imperative for service firms to embrace AI-driven approaches to online customer community management, not only as a means to optimize their operations but as a vital strategy to stay competitive in the ever-evolving digital landscape. This paper examines the novel combination of AI with online customer communities and provides the framework in the form of an input-process-output (IPO) model for future research into this integration.

Faculty Development Program (FDP) Of Selected Private Colleges In General Santos City: Its Impact On Organizational Commitment And Adaptive Performance, Basis For Enhanced Retention Program

The purpose of this study was to determine How faculty Development Program affected the organizational commitment and adaptive performance of faculty members among selected private Higher Educational Institutions in General Santos City. The overarching objective of the program was to develop an intervention designed to yield an intervention program that will help increase if not sustain the above-variables of the study. The research utilized an adapted 4-part questionnaire to assess 104 faculty members, investigating the impact of Faculty Development Programs (FDP) on organizational commitment and adaptive performance. Employing a descriptive-correlational research design, the study employed the Input-Process-Output (IPO) paradigm to thoroughly analyze each variable, supported by a comprehensive review of related literature. Statistical analysis including frequency counts, percentages, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson r revealed that FDP positively influenced professional development, teaching skills, leadership, classroom management, knowledge and skills, and organizational participation. Respondents demonstrated moderate affective commitment, high continuance commitment, and moderate normative commitment, alongside adaptive behaviors in handling emergencies, managing work stress, problem-solving, and interpersonal, cultural, and physical adaptability. Based on these findings, a recommended intervention program in the form of a training workshop aims to further enhance faculty development.

Evaluating the input-process-output quality management model for chinese students studying in ASEAN educational institutions

Relevance. Educational institutions have increased their attention towards quality management to retain their competitiveness and remain relevant in the rapidly changing world. Several models have been proposed to guide quality management for educational institutions, but empirical evaluation of them has not been properly carried out. Purpose. The article main purpose is to assess the input-process-output (IPO) model as a one that is capable to enabling academic institutions in ASEAN countries to serve the demands of Chinese studying abroad. Methodology. A voluntary response sample of 61 Chinese students studying in ASEAN countries responded to an online closed-ended questionnaires. Results. Findings from the study revealed that input factors (p=0.14; p<0.05), process factors (p=0.00; p<0.05), and output factors (p=0.028; p<0.05) provide foundations for explaining quality management efforts by universities in the ASEAN region to satisfy the demands of students from China abroad. Conclusions. Built on the analyzed results, it was recommended that universities in the ASEAN region improve their quality management efforts by focusing on each element of the inputs, processes, and outputs to ensure they are consistent with the needs of Chinese students. Keywords: Input factors; process factors; output factors; ASEAN countries; Chinese students

Gig work and gig workers: An integrative review and agenda for future research

SummaryGig workers have become an important component of the contemporary workforce and have generated extensive interest among researchers. The purpose of this article is to provide an integrative review of the literature on gig workers. Consistent with the more recent studies, we adopt a broad definition of gig work, which is characterized by the temporary nature of the work, project‐based compensation, work flexibility, and non‐membership in an organization. We first discuss the major themes in the literature based on an input–process–output framework. Specifically, we review what factors drive individuals to engage in gig work, how gig work impacts gig workers based on four theoretical approaches, and what outcomes individuals experience as a result of engaging in gig work. Based on the literature review, we highlight six future research agendas. We also discuss practical implications for gig workers, traditional organizations, digital labor platforms, and society.

The Great Accounting Escape: A Teaching Tool for Relevant Costing and Short-Term Decisions

ABSTRACT This teaching case creates an Escape Room experience for managerial accounting students to reinforce relevant costing and short-term decision concepts. Within the Escape Room, students analyze five short-term decisions within 50 minutes to “escape” for the weekend. Specifically, students identify relevant information, perform the necessary calculations, and evaluate their results to make a recommendation on how to improve firm profitability. The Escape Room seeks to build a greater understanding of relevant costing by creating a narrative, linking the five short-term decisions, and formatting every decision using an input-process-output (IPO) framework. The Escape Room also uses gamification elements to promote engagement and interest in learning these concepts. Students agree that the Escape Room increases engagement and fosters an understanding of relevant costing and short-term decision concepts. We see one of the strongest benefits of the Escape Room is its ability to scale across class formats and provide automatic feedback to students. Data Availability: Data are available upon request.

An application of systems thinking to group‐based organisations

AbstractThis study conceptualised self‐help groups (SHGs) from the behavioural systems perspective. It adopted the grounded theory approach for data collection and analysis; and the development of structural frameworks through causal inferences. The behavioural system of the SHGs had psychological and behavioural input (interest, motivation, intention, value, belief and need), psychological and behavioural process (adaptability, receptibility and cognitive ability), psychological and behavioural output (social behaviour, psychological behaviour, economical behaviour and ecological behaviour), and environment (macroeconomic environment, policy environment, social–cultural–political environment of village, and institutional environment of the village). The psychological and behavioural input, process, and output exhibited interdependencies. The conceptual categories within them showed causal interactions. The study provided a new lens to the debate on self‐help group‐based microentrepreneurship and group dynamics. The study found the systemic approach of SHG functioning and the peer pressure mechanisms built upon psychological and behavioural characteristics.

Compliance with Business Permits and Licensing System Requirements: Effects on Business Performance and Satisfaction Among MSMEs

This study investigated the relationships and differences among compliance levels, business performance, and satisfaction with the Business Permits and Licensing System (BPLS) requirements among 390 Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Iloilo City, Philippines. Using a descriptive, quantitative, and correlational design, the study sampled MSMEs from various industry sectors using the Input-Process-Output (IPO) model. Results show that MSMEs, particularly in sectors C and D, reported high compliance with BPLS requirements. It implies strong adherence to the requirement, suggesting effective engagement with the regulatory system. They also rated their business performance, including changes in gross sales, sales growth, capitalization, capital turnover, employee numbers, and overall satisfaction, as very good to excellent. It suggests they are experiencing strong financial performance, indicating a positive economic impact. High satisfaction with BPLS was also noted, which implies that the system is easy and efficient, leading to improved compliance and more favorable business conditions. T-tests and ANOVA revealed differences and similarities in compliance, business performance, and satisfaction across different business types and sectors, suggesting that these factors are affected by specific attributes of each business group. Pearson's correlation analysis indicated a negligible relationship between compliance and business performance, a very strong positive relationship between compliance and satisfaction, and a weak positive relationship between business performance and satisfaction. It implies that compliance significantly enhances satisfaction and has little impact on business performance. The study's recommendations, such as fully implementing an electronic BPLS and customer feedback system as part of the EODB law and including additional financial indicators in the unified application form, are of utmost importance. Future research should extend the analysis to other cities and local governments in the Visayas to further explore the linkage between compliance, business performance, and satisfaction.

Synergizing Neutrosophy and Randomized Blocks Design: Development and Analytical Insights

The design of the experiment is a strategy for effectively examining the relationship between input design parameters and process output and developing a greater understanding. A randomized block design is an experimental design that has two primary factors and is widely used in agriculture, environment, biological, animal, and food sciences, where experimental material is heterogeneous and precise. In a randomised block design, one or more observations may lose their true significance due to an accident, poor handling, pest infestations in agricultural trials, or other factors. It is prudent to treat this value as missing and estimate it. In today’s practical situations, uncertainty and inaccuracies are inevitable in most research areas. It is important to handle such data, which can lead to inaccurate and unreliable results. Neutrosophy is the branch of philosophy that provides an efficient method to study impreciseness among the data. Some of the common sources of Neutrosophy in randomised block design are incorrect blocking factor selection, measurement error, subjective factors, and natural variability. It is paramount to handle the Neutrosophy in a randomised block design; otherwise, it may lead to various problems, like a high risk of false positives. In this paper, the Neutrosophic Randomised Block Design (NRBD) is introduced to tackle data impreciseness. The study also, outlines a methodology for estimating missing observations in NRBD and presents its analysis. Additionally, the study compares the efficiency of NRBD to that of the Neutrosophic Completely Randomised Design (NCRD).

The Interactive Effects of Communication Network Structure and Organizational Size on Task Performance in Project-Based Organizations: The Mediating Role of Bootleg Innovation Behavior

A PBO is a temporary organization formed by assembling members with diverse experiences and backgrounds, aimed at achieving specific innovation goals. Constructing a reasonable communication network structure and enhancing organizational synergy are effective ways to promote the sustainable development of the system. This study, based on the Input–Process–Output (IPO) model and social network analysis, utilized a group collaboration platform to conduct a three-stage communication experiment on 685 construction project managers. Under two organizational sizes, the internal mechanism of how communication networks with two levels of centralization influence task performance were tested. The results indicate that in the case of a smaller organizational size, PBOs using a decentralized communication network tend to achieve higher task performance. However, as the organizational size expands, PBOs employing a centralized communication network may surpass in task performance. Additionally, we found that with the expansion of organizational size, bootleg innovation behaviors of organizational members are continually stimulated, further enhancing collective task performance. This study, based on the evolution of communication network parameters, explores the structural characteristics of organizational communication networks and the mechanisms underlying the emergence of bootleg innovation behaviors. It delineates the key pathways for improving collective task performance. The findings can provide a scientific reference for the organizational evolution and development of engineering project management.

Online Reviews: A Proposal towards Bilingual Approach

In light of the growth of internet usage and its important role in the field of e-commerce, electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) has been changing people’s behavior and decisions. People count on other users’ opinions and information; they sometimes even make offline decisions based on information acquired online. The purpose of this paper is to conceptualise Bilingual Approach towards eWOM activity from an input-process-output (IPO) perspective; propose a classification framework based on the identified academic literature; analyze eWOM literature in terms of quantitative development and qualitative issues that are useful to both academics and researchers; and provide directions and guidelines for future research studies in eWOM.

Flood Controlling Smart System: Smart River Bentayan

In riverine areas, the occurrence of flash floods and other natural disasters is prevalent, necessitating the implementation of assistive technologies such as flood management systems. The Internet of Things (IoT) presents a promising approach to enhance the effectiveness of such systems by establishing a network of interconnected devices. However, the limited size of the Bentayan River has hindered the upgrade of its drainage system. This study aims to address this issue by implementing a flood management system that records humidity and water levels, providing control over river overflowing. The primary beneficiaries of this system are the Jabatan Pengairan Dan Saliran (JPS) Daerah Muar and the local community surrounding Sungai Bentayan, including traders and the public. The study follows the Input-Process-Output (IPO) methodology, comprising three phases: input, process, and output. Various components, including Ultrasonic Sensor, Water Level Sensor, Humidity and Temperature Sensor, Servo Motor, LED lights, and NodeMCU, are employed in this project. The Arduino IDE software is utilized for code generation and system integration. Through extensive testing, the prototype successfully increases the barrier height when the water level reaches its limit. This project significantly contributes to the enhancement of the drainage system near Sungai Bentayan, making it more resilient against dangerous water levels. Future work will focus on refining the accuracy of the water level sensor to further improve the system's performance.