Input-output Model Analysis Research Articles

Exploring the relationship between digital transformation of enterprises and “information infrastructure” in the new infrastructure perspective - based on industrial connection

Abstract This paper aims to investigate the relationship between enterprise digital transformation and “information infrastructure” by analyzing the mechanism of enterprise digital transformation under the new infrastructure, constructing an input-output analysis model and a double difference model, and conducting a parallel trend test on the two models, bringing in the data between enterprise digital transformation and “information infrastructure” on the model, and studying the relationship between the two and the degree of influence. The relationship between the two and the degree of influence is investigated by bringing in the data of “information infrastructure”. The resulting data show that artificial intelligence accounts for 25.4% of digital transformation, followed by IoT at 19.7% and 3D printing at 1.4% of digital transformation. The change in the number of state-owned enterprises and non-state-owned enterprises before and after digital transformation is the largest in the range of 0-50%, with 44.4% change in the number of state-owned enterprises and 31.25% change in the number of non-state-owned enterprises. The research in this paper provides favorable data and analysis to prove that “information infrastructure” drives the digital transformation of enterprises.

DAMPAK PENGELUARAN WISATAWAN DOMESTIK TERHADAP PEREKONOMIAN JAWA BARAT

Tourism is a sector that is not defined as a distinct sector in the economic statistics of West Java Province, which results in the contribution of tourism not being clearly visible. As a result, the tourism sector is severely disadvantaged by the lack of data showing its full economic impact. Therefore, this study tries to see the impact of tourism on the West Java economy based on domestic tourist expenditure in 2021. Quantitative approach and input output model analysis are used to see the economic impact of tourism by estimating the multiplier effect of domestic tourist spending on output, income, gross value added, and employment. The results of this study indicate that tourism has had a major impact and is one of the important industries in the West Java economy, which contributed 9.28% to GRDP and 12.39% of the total working population in West Java in 2021. Keywords: nput-Output model; economy impact; tourism industry; multiplier; domestic tourist expenditure.

Analysis on the loss path and cooperative protection of global biodiversity based on input-output model

Biodiversity plays a vital role in human survival and development. In the context of economic globalization and increasingly serious global biodiversity loss, the division of global biodiversity responsibilities and cross-regional cooperative conservation are important parts of species conservation. In this paper, an environmentally expanded multi-regional input-output analysis model is used to measure biodiversity loss footprint (overall footprint, internal footprint and external footprint), which not only covers the interference within the region, but also traces the influence out of it. In addition, structural path analysis and social network analysis were used to identify the transmission process and divide the biodiversity protection communities in various countries. The results show that: (1) There are significant differences among countries in terms of biodiversity loss footprint. The top five countries in terms of overall biodiversity loss footprint are Indonesia, China, the United States, Mexico and Brazil, but they have different impact modes on biodiversity; (2) While most of the footprint of biodiversity loss occurs within the region, more than a quarter of the footprint is due to global production chains outside the region. The study concluded that through the global production chain, species will eventually be influenced by the United States, Japan, India and China; (3) Among economic sectors, agriculture has the largest direct biodiversity footprint. Food & Beverages sector has the largest indirect biodiversity footprint; (4) Eight biodiversity protection communities have been formed around the world, including source community and mixed community of biodiversity protection, each four. Among them, the source community is represented by Indonesia, India, Australia, the Philippines and Thailand in South and Southeast Asia, while the mixed community is mainly composed of China, Japan, Cameroon and Vietnam in East Asia and South Africa. In order to protect biodiversity effectively, different strategies are proposed for different types of communities.

Research on the emissions from industrial products exported from Guangdong Province-an input-output model analysis.

This study uses an input-output model to analyze the wastewater, waste gas, and solid waste emissions in Guangdong's industrial exports from 2004 to 2015; the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) is used to analyze the factors influencing such pollution. The results reveal that embodied emissions of waste gas and solid waste in Guangdong's export trade are increasing, while the increase in wastewater emissions is not apparent. The Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) is used to analyze the influencing factors of pollution, specifically, the structural, scale, and technical effects. We discovered that emissions of the top five industries account for about 80% of total emissions and the wastewater emissions' technical effect has more impact; however, it is difficult for this technical effect in terms of embodied waste gas and solid waste to offset the scale and structural effects' impacts. Moreover, the trends and factors influencing various industries' pollution emissions differ. This study proposes that when the government carries out environmental pollution control measures, they should consider the embodied pollution caused by products from foreign trade and focus on treating industries with severe pollution. Simultaneously, the pollution controlling measures of different industries should also vary.

Production-Based and Consumption-Based Accounting of Global Cropland Soil Erosion.

The effective control of cropland soil erosion is urgent for all countries because of its threat to global food security. Cropland soil erosion is caused by agricultural production and driven indirectly by consumption. Analyzing the causes and preventive strategies from the consumption side is essential for soil erosion control. However, there is not yet sufficient research or practice. In this study, we estimated global cropland soil erosion with the revised universal soil loss equation, allocated it to specific types of crops, and quantified the cropland soil erosion footprint of the economies with a multiregional input-output analysis model. Our results showed that developed economies, usually importing cropland soil erosion from developing or agriculturally developed economies, are the beneficiaries in the current crop trading system. The European Union is the largest net importer, while Brazil is the largest exporter. The indirect and induced sectors are the main contributors, consuming approximately 70.48% of the total cropland soil erosion. Our results revealed the region- and product-specific contributors that could inform the reduction of global cropland soil erosion for sustainable food production and consumption.

Overview of non-methane volatile organic compounds for world economy: From emission source to consumption sink

Non-methane volatile organic compounds are the primary culprit of regional ozone and photochemical pollution. To explore the relationship between non-methane volatile organic compounds and world economies, this study tracked the emission from production sources to final consumption sinks embodied in global supply chain in the framework of system input-output analysis model. The feedback from society to economic system is also covered. The emission embodied in global trade amounts to 58% of global total direct emission, .moreover, it is revealed that global NMVOCs transfer in intermediate trade is in magnitude more than double that in final trade. And around 34% global emission footprint feedback from society back to the economic system via primary inputs. Regional results reveal that the bulk of the world population, which is mainly in underdeveloped regions, has both a lower footprint per capita and footprint intensity compared with the global average level, respectively. Results show that regions including China and the United States have huge emission transfer imbalance in both intermediate trade and final trade. Considering the scale of emission imbalance, China, the United States and Europe are selected as representative cases for analysis. The reasons behind their imbalance are majorly attributed to two points: 1) Currency status; 2) Industrial transferring effect. Finally, this research suggests that economically developed regions should undertake more emission reduction responsibilities by furtherly investing in emission reduction technologies innovation, regulation policy promotion and public awareness-raising globally.

Is virtual water trade beneficial for the water-deficient regions? New evidences from the Yellow River Basin, China

Study regionThe Yellow River Basin (a water-deficient region) in China. Study focusTo establish whether the virtual water trade (VWT) is beneficial for water-deficient regions we conducted an integrated assessment of the local and distant VWT of the Yellow River Basin (YRB). We adopted a modified input–output analysis model and applied multiregional input–output tables of 31 provinces in China (2017) to estimate the dependence of the YRB on water from other regions and to determine the VWT status. We calculated the total water consumption coefficient of 29 sectors in the YRB, investigated the water-use intensity of various sectors, and analyzed the water footprint and per capita usage of each province. Furthermore, we revealed the VWT among downstream, midstream, and upstream regions of the YRB. New hydrological insights for the regionThis study revealed that virtual water flow is unidirectional from downstream and midstream regions to upstream regions, and that the trade structures among these three regions of the YRB differ notably, which has rarely been addressed in previous literature. Furthermore, the VWT exacerbates water resource shortages in the YRB. The irrational industrial structure is the main reason for the need for transfer of water resources. This information could inform the development of effective policies both for alleviating regional water shortages and for developing a viable virtual water strategy for the YRB.

Impact of Fiscal Stimulus on Economic Output and Labor Income in Indonesia

The Covid-19 pandemic affected many sectors, one of which was the economic sector, so the government released three fiscal stimulus policy packages to deal with the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the economy. Starting on February 25, 2020, for the first volume, then for the second volume on March 21, 2020, and then the third volume of the fiscal stimulus package was released on March 31, 2020. The purpose of this paper is to identify the impact of the fiscal stimulus on economic output and labor income in Indonesia. The research method uses an input-output analysis model in identifying the impact of fiscal stimulus on economic output and labor income. The results of the analysis of the impact of the fiscal stimulus volume 1 show that the increase in fiscal stimulus in 2020 on the output of the Accommodation and Food and Drink Provision sector; Real Estate; and Other Services sectors cause changes in economic output. There are 3 sectors with the largest economic output affected by the increase in fiscal stimulus, namely the Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries sectors; Processing industry; and Wholesale and Retail Trade; Car and Motorcycle Repair. The impact of the fiscal stimulus volume 2 in the form of tax incentives, especially on PPh 21 in the Manufacturing Industry, has proven to have an impact on changes in total income in all sectors. The results of the analysis of the impact of fiscal stimulus volume 3 show that the increase in fiscal stimulus in 2020 on the output of the Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries sector; Processing industry; and Health Services and Social Activities cause changes in economic output. There are 3 sectors with the largest economic output affected by the increase in fiscal stimulus, namely the Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries sectors; Processing industry; and Health and Social Activities.

Development of an SMR-induced environmental input-output analysis model – Application to Saskatchewan, Canada

As an emerging power generation technology, small module reactors (SMRs) have the potential for development with its contribution to reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In this study, an SMR-induced environmental input-output model (SEIOM) is proposed to simulate the environmental consequences of SMRs development and provide suggested schemes for SMRs deployment. A case study of Saskatchewan, Canada is conducted to demonstrate the proposed model. Specifically, key industries with high reduction potentials are first identified in the study; then, the power supply for three energy-intensive industries is assumed to be replaced by power generated from SMRs at various penetration degrees. The corresponding changes in direct and indirect GHG emissions and the interrelationships among multiple economic sectors associated with GHG flows are analyzed. The results indicate that there are close interdependences between various sectors and a small group of sectors could play a big role in GHG emission mitigation. In Saskatchewan, “Electricity power generation, transmission and distribution”, “Oil and gas extraction”, “Potash mining” and “Petroleum refineries” are key sectors for realizing GHG emission reduction targets. Meanwhile, it is estimated that replacing the power supply for “Oil and gas extraction” sector with SMRs would contribute the most to the reduction in GHG emission, which is much more than those for “Potash mining” and “Petroleum refineries” sectors. This study is expected to provide a basis for supporting the initiative and application of SMRs.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Input-output analysis of the integration of primary, secondary and tertiary industries in rural areas of Inner Mongolia under the background of big data

This article has been retracted from publication in the Taylor & Francis journal, Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science. Following publication, concerns were raised by multiple third-parties around the content of the special issue and the decision-making process. Following an investigation by the Taylor & Francis Publishing Ethics & Integrity team in full cooperation with the Editor-in-Chief, it was confirmed that this article included in Special Issue titled “ Envisage Computer Modelling and Statistics for Agriculture”, guest edited by Gunasekaran Manogaran was not peer-reviewed appropriately, in line with the Journal's peer review standards and policy. As the stringency of the peer review process is core to the integrity of the publication process, the Editor and Publisher have decided to retract all of the articles within the above-named Special Issue. The journal has not confirmed if the authors were aware of this compromised peer review process. The journal is committed to correcting the scientific record and will fully cooperate with any institutional investigations into this matter. The authors have been informed of this decision. We have been informed in our decision-making by our policy on publishing ethics and integrity and the COPE guidelines.

A study of carbon emissions and energy consumption of wind power generation in the Panhandle of Texas

It has been established that the carbon emissions of wind power depends on several factors, most importantly, the size, manufacturing location, operating location, and life expectancy of the turbine. However, there is significant variation in carbon emissions of wind power generation reported in the literature. This makes it necessary to study the emissions of a windmill of a given size operating in a given location. In this paper, we study the carbon intensity and energy intensity of wind generation from a Nordex 1.3 megawatts (MW) wind turbine located in the Panhandle of Texas. Our model has three components: (a) lifetime power generation model which uses Typical Meteorological Year 3 data from National Renewable Energy Laboratory, (b) process analysis model for raw materials used in manufacturing of the wind turbine, and (c) environmentally extended input–output analysis model for all other steps involved in the life cycle analysis of the windmill, including manufacturing, transportation, installation, operation, and maintenance of windmills. Our results show that a 1.3 MW windmill operating for 20 years in the Panhandle of Texas, generates 467 terra-Joules (TJ) of electricity while consuming 25.58 TJ of energy and producing 1870.52 million-grams (Mg) of CO2. The resulting carbon emission intensity of this turbine is estimated to be 14.45 gCO2/kWh. In 2019, the U.S. generated about 286.6 billion kWh of its electricity from the wind which amounts to 4.12 million ton (MT) of annual emissions and will increase substantially as deeper levels of wind generation is achieved in the next several decades.

Technical requirements and economic benefit evaluation of interaction between vessel charging and battery swapping stations and power Grid

Electric vessels have developed rapidly with the advancement of transportation electrification in recent years. The power battery capacity of large vessels usually reaches several MWhs, in which case battery change technology is more applicable. A vessel charging and battery swapping station has the dual attributes of power utilization and energy storage and can realize Vessel to Grid through charging and discharging facilities. Aiming at the scenarios of interaction between vessel charging and battery swapping stations and the power grid, this paper studied technical requirements of several participants, established an input-output analysis model and analyzed multiple influencing factors. The results show that revenues cannot be increased effectively with the increase of the number of spare batteries alone; the interactive service can achieve a balance of payments when the battery cost is higher than 1.4 ¥/ Wh, and; benefits may not be gained when the battery life is less than 5 years.

An Input Output Analysis Model for the Spanish Economy Based on Working Hours

An Input Output Analysis Model for the Spanish Economy Based on Working Hours

Economic effects of the liquid biofuel industry in South Korea using input–output analysis

Bio-energy is a research field that is of worldwide interest. South Korea, which imports all of its heavy fuel oil for consumption, passed a new law allowing bio-heavy oil made from animal fat, by-product of biodiesel processes, palm oil, and other leftover oil to be used to generate electricity in place of heavy fuel oil. As there is lack of policy research with respect to liquid biofuels, the purpose of this study is to define the bio-heavy oil industry in South Korea and to investigate the economic effects of bio-heavy oil. An input–output analysis model was used and demonstrated that the production-, value-added-, import-, and employment-induced effects of the bio-heavy oil industry were larger than those induced by the heavy fuel oil industry. As the import of fuel by the heavy fuel oil industry was greater than the bio-heavy oil industry, the import substitution effect of the bio-heavy oil industry was found to be greater. This resulted in a positive value for the net-induced effect of the bio-heavy oil industry. When considering the global concern with respect to the development and expansion of biofuel feedstock, this study shows the possibility of transforming heavy fuel oil plants distributed around the world into renewable energy sources.

Rehabilitation Planning of Water Distribution Network through a Reliability—Based Risk Assessment

The efficient and effective management of existing water distribution systems (WDSs) faces challenges related to aging of infrastructure, population growth, extended urbanization, climate change impacts and environmental pollution. Therefore, there is a need for integrated solutions that support decision makers to plan today potential interventions, considering the possible consequences and variations in mid- and long-term perspectives. This study is a part of a more comprehensive project, where advanced hydraulic analysis of WDS is coupled with a dynamic resources input-output analysis model. The proposed modeling solution provides a robust tool to support planning of intervention actions and can be applied to optimize the performance of a water supply system considering energy consumption and environmental impacts. This paper presents an application of the proposed method in pipe rehabilitation/replacement planning, maximizing the network mechanical reliability and minimizing the risk of unsupplied water demand and pressure deficit evaluated at nodal level, under given economic constraints.

Resource use and improvement strategy analysis of the livestock and feed production supply chain in Thailand

The aim of this research is to reveal the overall money flows and physical flows of the livestock and feed production supply chain in Thailand in order to analyze the resource use and cost and assess material use efficiency of the whole supply chain. Another aim is to evaluate the options to improve and evaluate trade-off between economic and environmental performance. This research conducted material and monetary flow modeling using material flow analysis (MFA) and input output analysis (IOA). Data collected from the Thai Input-Output Tables 2005 were employed to develop the monetary flow model. Direct and indirect resource consumption (energy, water, and land use) and turnover along the supply chain were assessed using environmentally extended input-output analysis model (EEIOA). Scenario analysis with improvement options was applied to the model to evaluate the effectiveness of the improvement options. One third of energy and water consumption were from the animal farm itself. The rest were from feed production and upstream raw material production. Land use in the system was mainly from maize and paddy field. Feed conversion ratio improvement should play an important role in the strategy for resource efficiency and reduce environmental impact in the whole supply chain. Energy intensity reduction, the best option in overall energy reduction, is the policy that the government is pushing to be implemented in all sectors, and it can also easily be applied along with the other options. Therefore, it should be applied with the other options for improvement. The results from monetary flow and physical material flow can visually show the holistic view of the Thai livestock production supply chain quantitatively and allow the stakeholders to understand the economic structure of the supply chain system. This can enable the decision makers to analyze the interrelation effect and impact of changing one sector demand or changing resource efficiency to impact other sectors in the system.

Off-Design Modeling of Natural Gas Combined Cycle Power Plants: An Order Reduction by Means of Thermoeconomic Input–Output Analysis

In a European context characterized by growing need for operational flexibility across the electricity sector, the combined cycle power plants are increasingly subjected to cyclic operation. These new operation profiles cause an increase of production costs and decrease of revenues, which undermines the competitiveness of the combined cycles. Power plant operators need tools to predict the effect of off-design operation and control mechanisms on the performance of the power plant. Traditional Thermodynamic or Thermoeconomic models may be unpractical for the operators, due to their complexity and the computational effort they require. This study proposes a Thermoeconomic Input–Output Analysis model for the on- and off-design performance prediction of energy systems, and applies it to La Casella Natural Gas Combined Cycle (NGCC) power plant, in Italy. It represents a stand-alone, reduced order model, where the cost structure of the plant products and the Thermoeconomic performance indicators are derived for on- and off-design conditions as functions of the load and of different control mechanisms, independently from the Thermodynamic model. The results of the application show that the Thermoeconomic Input–Output Analysis model is a suitable tool for power plant operators, able to derive the same information coming from traditional Thermoeconomic Analysis with reduced complexity and computational effort.

An approach of measuring environmental protection in Chinese industries: a study using input–output model analysis

With a green economy making significant developments at a global scale, the environmental protection industry has become an increasingly important part of China's national economy. China's environmental protection industry is a strategic emerging industry and is expected to become a future pillar of the economy. To promote the environmental protection industry in China and to guide environmental protection activities in various sectors, the input–output method was used to develop China's first environmental protection industry specifically using an externalized input–output model. Various coefficients were measured and analyzed from the perspective of the industry chain. The results reveal that the development of environmental protection activities and related environmental investment should give priority to sectors with a current shortage of environmental protection industry input. Concentrating on these industries will provide relatively higher benefits. These industries include primary manufacturing industries, the wholesale and retail marketing industries, the financial industry and some sectors in second industries. In addition, the results of a demand and supply model reflect the fact that the environmental protection industry in China should actively promote the environmental finance and fund environmentally-friendly products. Finally, the model provides a useful tool that will allow government agencies to develop scientifically sound polices to simulate the economy and provide positive effects on investments.

On the method for estimating technical coefficients of input-output analysis

In this paper a new method is presented for estimating the technical coefficients of the input-output analysis model with six sectors by using the statistical numerical data on the gross domestic product and the final demand and solving the system of the linear programming problems. The computational results presented in this paper are more precise than that of the others in the last time.

Input-output analysis on the economic impact of medical care in Japan.

Objectives Since the Cabinet’s decision concerning the Basic Policies 2005, the Japanese government has implemented specific measures to suppress increases in national medical care expenditure. However, we believe that the economic significance of medical care should be quantified in terms of its economic impact on national medical care expenditure. No one has examined the economic impact of all medical institutions in Japan using data from a statement of profits and losses. We used an input–output analysis to quantitatively estimate economic impact of medical care and examined its estimation range with a probabilistic sensitivity analysis.MethodsTo estimate the economic impact and economic impact multipliers of all medical institutions in Japan, an input–output analysis model was developed using an input–output table, statement of profits and losses, margin rates, employee income rates, consumption propensity and an equilibrium output model. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis was conducted using a Monte Carlo simulation.ResultsEconomic impact of medical care in all medical institutions was ¥72,107.4 billion ($661.5 billion). This impact yielded a 2.78-fold return of medical care expenditure with a 95 % confidence interval ranging from 2.74 to 2.90.ConclusionEconomic impact of medical care in Japan was two to three times the medical care expenditure (per unit). Production inducement of medical care is comparable to other industrial sectors that are highly influential toward the economy. The contribution to medical care should be evaluated more explicitly in national medical care expenditure policies.