Inorganic Nutrient Sources Research Articles

Studies on production of Anaheim pepper in greenhouse media supplemented with organic and inorganic nutrient sources, and water conservation

An experiment was conducted in the greenhouse to study growth, development, yield and water-use by Anahein pepper grown in a potting mixture supplemented with MiracleGro® (9:4:12) and milled alfalfa (3:1:2) as sources of nutrient. The study was comprised of 5 treatments, control (C), 3 gL-1 MiracleGro® (MG), 9 g alfalfa mill supplement (SA-1), 18 g (SA-2), and 27 g (SA-3), and replicated 6 times. Ten physiological and morphological parameters were used to evaluate growth, development and yield of the Anaheim pepper, and two parameters used to evaluate the water holding capacity of the potting mixture. The results indicate that the potting medium supplemented with alfalfa mill required significantly less water to support growth and development of the species. Also, growth, development and yield of Anaheim pepper was significantly higher in the organic supplements at SA-2 and SA-3.

Comparative study on Effects of Chemical Fertiliser, Vermicompost and Farm Yard Manure on Tomato Plant Growth and Soil Fertility

A healthy soil environment is necessary to produce the desired crops, which means it should have all the essential nutrients. Nutrients are used in large quantities in growing plants and therefore need to be replaced regularly to maintain productivity and for this purpose fertilizers are used in the fields. Chemical fertilizers are essential to increase proper growth and yield of crops and act as catalysts in providing nutrients to plants for better growth and yield. On the other hand, fertilizers can threaten our ecosystems, soil, plants, human and animal lives. Despite past gains in crop production through chemical fertilizers, recent observations of stagnant or declining yields have raised concerns about the long-term sustainability of crop production. In the long term, they also damage the natural composition of the soil, leading to unsustainable crop production. Of course, chemical fertilizers add nutrients to the soil, but they don’t add anything else. Plants need more than just nutrients to survive. They also need organic matter and living organisms. Thus, the integrated use of organic and inorganic nutrient sources will not only supply essential nutrients to the soil, but may also have a certain synergistic interaction to increase their effectiveness and thereby reduce environmental risks. Nutrients from chemical fertilizers improve initial crop establishment, while nutrients from mineralization of organic manure support yield later. In the present experiments, pot experiment was conducted to study the comparative effect on growth of tomato plant and its soil fertility. The soil parameters and growth of plant were observed and studied. The studies show positive impacts on farm yard manure and vermicompost on the soil as well as on the growth of tomato plant as compared to the chemical fertilizer. The healthy growth of plant with more green leaves and flowering and fruits were observed with application of farm yard manure and vermicompost. It concludes application of farm yard manure and vermicompost is effective and better for the healthy growth of tomato plant and fertility of the soil.

Effects of Lime, Inorganic Fertilizer and Compost as Amendment on Soil Chemical Properties: Field Experimental Approach to Reclaim Acidic Nitisol, South Western Ethiopia

Soil acidity is a series problem in south western part of Ethiopia due to high rain fall that aggravate the concentration of toxic elements like Al3+ and Fe2+. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of lime with different fertilizer sources on soil chemical properties at Seka chekorsa area. Seven different treatments were applied with randomized complete block design along three replications. The study pointed out the response of soil pH (5.01) which was increased by 91.8% when compared to control plot (4.60), H+(0.25 cmol/kg), Al3+(0.19 cmol/kg), Exchangeable Acidity (0.44 cmol/kg), Available Potassium (1.96 Cmol/kg) and CEC (22.76 Cmol(+)/Kg) were attained significantly different result at (p<0.05) on CompL treated plot. However, OC (2.14%) and OM (3.69%) were attained the highest result on HCHNP and TN (0.1%) and Available K (2.00Cmol/kg) was significantly different at (p<0.05) on HCHNPL treated plot. The combined application of compost with lime was better than other combination including solely applied treatments to enhance different soil chemical properties in most of soil parameters. The integration of lime with organic and inorganic nutrient sources generally increased soil pH when compared with sole applied and control plot. Finally, the Integration of full recommended compost and Lime of agriculture could be promising alternative to amend acidic nitosol.

Effect of integrated nutrient management on growth, yield and quality parameters of cauliflower

The present investigation was carried out at Experiment Farm, Udai Pratap Autonomous College, Varanasi (UP), India. Cauliflower growth, yield and quality can be boosted with the use of integrated nutrient management. Due to their complementing effects, the ideal combination of different organic and inorganic sources of nutrients may significantly boost cauliflower growth and yield. The experiment consisted of 11 treatments viz. T1: Recommended dose of NPK (150:100:80 kg/ha), T2: Half dose of NPK/ha + FYM @ 15 tonnes/ha, T3: Half dose of NPK/ha + Azospirillium @ 5 kg/ha, T4: Half dose of NPK/ha + FYM @ 15 tonnes/ha + Azospirillium @ 5 kg/ha, T5: Half dose of NPK/ha + VAM @ 5 kg/ha, T6: Half dose of NPK/ha + FYM @ 15 tonnes/ha + VAM @ 5 kg/ha, T7: Half dose of NPK/ha + FYM @ 15 tonnes/ha + Azospirillium @ 5 kg/ha + VAM @ 5 kg/ha, T8: Half dose of NPK/ha + Vermicompost @ 2.5 tonnes/ha, T9: Half dose of NPK/ha + Vermicompost @ 2.5 tonnes/ha + Azospirillium @ 5 kg/ha, T10: Half dose of NPK/ha + Vermicompost @ 2.5 tonnes/ha + VAM @ 5 kg/ha, T11: Half dose of NPK/ha + Vermicompost @ 2.5 tonnes/ha + Azospirillium @ 5 kg/ha + VAM @ 5 kg/ha. The highest curd yield (265.65 g), curd diameter (17.99 cm), curd weight (943.55 g) and curd volume (758.62) with maximum net profit (Rs.1,57,757/ha) was obtained from T11 treatment. All traits had a significant positive correlation with all traits excluding TSS and Ascorbic acid, TSS showed a significant positive correlation with curd diameter whereas ascorbic acid had a significant positive correlation with plant height, plant spread, curd yield and TSS. So, economic analysis revealed that T11 treatment appeared to be the best for achieving the higher growth, yield and economic benefit of cauliflower.

Effect of Organic Manure and Inorganic Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis)

The investigation entitled, “Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the growth and yield of Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) cv. Snowball-16” was undertaken at the Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agriculture & Natural Sciences, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur. during Rabi season 2022-2023. Seven treatments were used laid out in the randomized block design with three replications in this experiment. It is apparent from the results obtained that the vegetative parameters viz., number of leaves per plant, plant height, the spread of the plant, the diameter of the stem, number of days required for curd initiation and curd maturity, curd size and total biomass production per plant have been significantly influenced by the potential treatments. The maximum number of leaves per plant (20.54) was recorded under the influence of the treatment T4 (50%RDF along with 50%vermicompost). The integration of organic and inorganic nutrient sources in a way such that an equal proportion of nitrogen being supplied by them documented superior results. Treatment T4 resulted in maximum plant height (21.16 cm), the spread of plant (49.38 cm), diameter of the stem (2.82 cm), reduced number of days for curd initiation (68.53 days) and maturity (99.23 days), curd size (18.74 cm) and total biomass production (33.67 g) per plant when compared to control (T1). Yield parameters viz., net weight of curd (1660.57 g), curd yield per plot (38.81 kg) and yield per hectare (421.35q /ha) showed preponderance in response to 50% RDF along with 50% vermicompost, succeeded by treatment involving the integration of 50% RDF along with 50% FYM, which also showed lead response as result obtained in control.

Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Yield and Yield Attributes in Scented Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

The current study was conducted at Barrister Thakur Chhedilal College of Agriculture and Research Station, Bilaspur, India, during the autumn season of 2019-20. The research focused on integrated nutrient management in scented rice, incorporating both organic and inorganic nutrient sources along with the recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) at 100:60:40 NPK kg ha-1. The experimental design employed a randomized block layout (RBD) with ten treatments and three replications, utilizing the Chhattisgarh Sugandhit Bhog variety of scented rice. The findings revealed noteworthy outcomes among the various organic and inorganic treatments. Notably, Treatment 6 (75% RDF + 5 tonnes of Vermicompost ha-1 enriched with consortia) exhibited the highest grain yield of 35.78 q ha-1, signifying significant superiority over other treatments. Treatment 5 (75% RDF + 5 tonnes of FYM ha-1 enriched with consortia) closely followed with a grain yield of 34.24 q ha-1, demonstrating comparable performance. Additionally, Treatments 4, 3, 2, and 10 showed promising results in terms of yield attributes. The superior performance of Treatment 6 in terms of higher yield and yield attributes, including the highest number of panicles per m2 (349.36), underscores its effectiveness and significance in the context of integrated nutrient management for scented rice cultivation.

Productivity, nutrient indices and soil nutrient status of short grain aromatic rice-green gram system as influenced by integrated nutrient management strategies

New age challenges of irrational use of fertilizers under monocropping of rice calls for integrative nutrient management strategy along with establishment of rice based cropping system. A field study was carried out in 2017–18 and 2018–19 at Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, India to investigate the integrated nutrient management strategies on productivity, nutrient indices and soil nutrient status in short grain aromatic rice-green gram cropping system. The experiment was set up in split plot design with six nutrient management strategies in rice were taken in main plot in randomized block design and three nutrient management strategies in green gram were taken as sub plot in split-plot design in sequence. Results revealed that application of 50% NPK+ 50% Recommended Dose of Nitrogen (RDN)-FYM to rice followed by 75% NPK + Rhizobium + Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria to green gram recorded the highest rice equivalent yield and production efficiency in 2017–18 and 2018–19 followed by 50% NPK+ 50% RDN-FYM to rice followed by 100% NPK to green gram. Application of 50% NPK+ 50% RDN-FYM to rice and 75% NPK + Rhizobium + PSB to green gram recorded the highest partial factor productivity of nitrogen, nitrogen utilization efficiency and nitrogen uptake efficiency in the system. Soil nutrient status of the cropping system improved with balanced application of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients compared to mineral fertilizers only. Thus, supplementing FYM and sesbania as organic manures along with reduced dose of inorganic fertilizers improved sustainability of rice-green gram system along with improving soil fertility.

Can Plant Nutrient Dynamics and Indian Mustard Yield Be Influenced by Addition of Organic Amendments Under Saline Sodic Soils?

ABSTRACT Arid and semi-arid regions are having huge potential for agricultural production but also have limitations of salinity and alkalinity. By mediating rhizospheric environment with the application of organic and inorganic nutrient sources, Indian mustard yield could be enhanced in these areas. For this, a field experiment was conducted to study the effect of organic (FarmYard Manure and vermicompost) and inorganic (urea) amendments with irrigation water of different sodium absorption ratios (SAR; 6, 10, 20 and 30). The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design (SPD) with 24 treatment combinations keeping different SAR in main plots and organic and inorganic nitrogen sources in sub plots. Experiment results revealed that increasing SAR levels reduced the availability of major plant nutrients, i.e. nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The soil organic carbon mineralization rate and Indian mustard seed yield were also deceased with increasing levels of SAR. Application of nitrogen through farm yard manure (FYM) and vermicompost decreased the electrical conductivity (EC), pH, and enhanced the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of soil solution. Application of 50% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) through urea and 75% through vermicompost produced maximum seed and stover yield of Indian mustard. Thus, supply of recommended dose of nitrogen as inorganic (50%) and organic (75%) sources improved the soil health and Indian mustard yield of arid lands with sodic irrigation water. The use of organic sources in place of sole application of N fertilizer may be a potential management option in sodic groundwater irrigated areas for enhancing mustard crop yield.

Influence of Organic and Inorganic Nutrient Sources on the Yield and Uptake of Major Nutrients in Soybean

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of different organic sources of nitrogen with inorganic fertilizers on crop yield, yield attributes and uptake of major plant nutrients in the soya bean-maize cropping system. The highest soybean yield of 12.9qt-1 was obtained with the application of 75% of the recommended dose of nitrogen along with 100% recommended dose of phosphorus (P)& and potassium (K) through inorganic fertilizers+25% recommended dose of nitrogen through vermicompost and the lowest values of all the parameters were obtained from the control treatment. The uptake of nitrogen (N), P&K increased with treatments that received integrated use of organic manures in combination with the recommended dose of nutrients.

Efficacy of different organic and inorganic nutrient sources on the growth and yield of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.)

The cultivation of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) in Nepal faces significant challenges, resulting in diminished yields compared with other regions. The pivotal issue is optimizing fertilizer management practices to enhance bitter gourd growth and yield. In April 2022, a field experiment was conducted in Kapilvastu, Nepal to investigate the efficacy of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the growth and yield of bitter gourd. The study included five treatments: the recommended dose of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) fertilizer (111.66:54.56:35.36 NPK kg ha−1, and 29.49 t ha−1 farmyard manure), 100 % poultry manure, 100 % farmyard manure, 50 % NPK + 50 % poultry manure, and 50 % NPK + 50 % farmyard manure. We hypothesized that a blend of 50 % organic and 50 % inorganic manure would significantly enhance bitter gourd performance. These treatments were evaluated in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications and analyzed using R-Studio. The results showed that 50 % NPK +50 % poultry manure increased growth parameters, such as plant height (380 cm), branch count plant−1 (22), node count plant−1 (34.75), female flower count (50.50), fruit length plant−1 (24.75 cm), and fruit diameter (6.53 cm), and decreased male flower count (132.25) and days to first male (33.75) and female (36.25) flowering. The application of 50 % NPK and 50 % poultry manure increased individual fruit weight (274.50 g) and yield-attributing traits, such as fruit count (17.25), fruit yield (55.56 t ha−1), net return (7944$), and benefit-cost ratio (3.14). A synergistic blend of 50 % NPK and 50 % poultry manure can serve as a viable and effective nutrient source for promoting growth and maximizing bitter gourd yield. Although these results are promising, further validation and extension of these positive findings are required on a larger scale in diverse ecological regions.

Impact of Crop Residue and Green Manure Management in Rice Crop on Soil Nutrient Dynamics in Tarai Belt of Shivalik Himalaya, India

The study explores the effects of different soil management practices on various soil properties within the Tarai Belt of the Shivalik Himalaya region to assess the effects of different nutrient management strategies on various soil properties in the context of rice cultivation. Ten treatments were employed, T1 (100% recommended dose of NPK fertilizers), T2 (50% crop residue + 50% recommended NPK dose), T3 (50% crop residue + 50% recommended NPK dose with the addition of Pusa decomposer), T4 (50% crop residue + 50% Green Manure (GM), T5 (50% crop residue + 50% GM with Pusa decomposer), T6 (Crop residue at 2.5 tons per hectare + Pusa decomposer), T7 (Crop residue at 2.5 tons per hectare without Pusa decomposer), T8 (Absolute control group with no fertilizer application), T9 (150% recommended NPK dose), and T10 (100% recommended NPK dose with the addition of Farm Yard Manure at a rate of 5 tons per hectare, along with Zinc and Boron supplementation). including varying combinations of crop residues, organic and inorganic fertilizers, and green manure. Soil properties examined included soil organic carbon, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, pH, and electrical conductivity (EC) at two different soil depths (0-15 cm and 15-30 cm. Organic sources enhanced soil organic carbon, while inorganic sources notably improved the availability of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. The results showed that treatments incorporating both organic and inorganic nutrient sources demonstrated improved soil health and nutrient availability, with treatment T9 (150% recommended dose of fertilizer, RDF) showing the best results, particularly in terms of available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. However, the sustainability of this approach over the long term may be a concern. Treatment T10, which combined 100% RDF with farmyard manure, zinc, and boron supplementation, emerged as a promising alternative for sustainable soil management. Treatment T3, with the incorporation of crop residues and the application of Pusa decomposer, also showed potential for maintaining soil health. These findings emphasize the importance of a balanced approach to nutrient management that combines readily available nutrients from inorganic sources with the long-term benefits of organic matter.
 In summary, this study emphasizes the importance of integrated nutrient management and sustainable agricultural practices for enhancing soil fertility and overall soil health, thereby contributing to sustainable crop production. These findings hold significance for addressing soil nutrient imbalances and ensuring the well-being of farmers and environmental sustainability.

Long-term Experiment on Fennel-cluster Bean Cropping System as Affected by Production Systems: A Strategy for Improving Yield, Quality and Soil Fertility

Background: The rise in unprecedented pressure of producing enough food for an ever-growing human population resulted in the use of considerable amounts of agrochemicals in crop production. To overcome this, inclusion of annual pulse crops such as cluster beans (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) in cropping systems is an alternative technique for enhancing output while minimising environmental impact. Therefore, to assess the influence of different crop production systems on yield, quality and soil fertility attributes of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare L.)-cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) crop sequence, a long term field experiment was conducted. Methods: A field experiment was conducted on fennel (Foeniculum vulgare L.) cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) crop sequence under AI-NPOF Project during 2016-17 to 2020-21 at ICAR-National Research Centre on Seed Spices, Ajmer (Rajasthan), India. The experiment was laid out as a factorial design based on randomized complete blocks (RCBD) with three replications. The first factor consisted of six production systems viz., (PS1) - 100% organic, (PS2) - 75% organic + 25% innovative practice (Compost extract, cattle urine), (PS3) - Integrated (50% organic + 50% inorganic), (PS4) - Integrated (75% organic + 25% inorganic), (PS5) -100% inorganic nutrient sources and (PS6) - State recommendation] including fennel (Rabi season) - cluster bean (Kharif season) cropping sequence, whereas the second factor included the environment over the period. Result: The outcomes of study revealed that production system (PS4) - Integrated (75% organic + 25% inorganic) resulted in the maximum seed yields and yield attributes of cluster bean (1501.87 kg ha-1) and fennel (1970.19 kg ha-1). The study shows that the production system (PS4) had a 17.29 and 30.75% increment of protein as compared to PS5 and PS1 in fennel and cluster beans, respectively. Under production system PS1, the per cent increment of soil organic carbon (~25.2%) and readily available N (~9%), P (~38.5%) and K (~Non-significant) were noted over the years respectively, compared with production system (PS5). A significant positive association was observed between fennel and cluster bean grain yield and soil organic carbon (P less than 0.01) and the Shannon-Wiener indexes (R2 = 0.75, R2 = 0.69), respectively. The combined assessment of yield, quality, soil organic carbon and soil sustainability shows that rotations based on legume crops performed better and provided a model of sustainable crop intensification. Thus, adding legume to the cropping system and implementing integrated nutrient management (INM) could gradually improve soil quality in agro-ecologies where fennel predominates.

Effect of Organic and Inorganic Nutrient Sources on Growth and Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.)

The present investigation titled “Effect of Organic and Inorganic Nutrient Sources on Growth and Yield of Maize” was conducted during kharif season of 2022 at Chamelti Agriculture Farm, MS Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh. The field experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design comprising of 10 treatments and 3 replications which are (T1) Control, (T2) 100% RDF, (T3) 120% RDF, (T4) 50% RDF + FYM (10 t), (T5) 75% RDF + FYM (5 t), (T6) 100% RDF + FYM (5 t) + Mulch, (T7) 50% RDF + Vermicompost (2.5 t ha-1), (T8) 75% RDF + Vermicompost (2.5 t ha-1), (T9) 100% RDF + Vermicompost (2.5 t ha-1) + Mulch) and (T10) 75% RDF + FYM (5 t) + Vermicompost (2.5 t ha-1) + Mulch. Mustard stover @ 2 t ha-1 was used as mulching. RDF used is (100:40:40 kg ha-1) was applied through urea (46% N), SSP (16% P2O5) and MOP (60% K2O). One third N and full dose of P and K was applied at the time of sowing as basal application. Remaining nitrogen was applied in 2 equal splits at 30 and 50 DAS as top dressing. PSC-3322 variety of maize was used for sowing. Other crop management practices were followed as per the recommendation of the area. This study concluded that application of 120% RDF recorded significantly higher plant height, yield and was economically better than other treatments.

Nutrient Content and Nutrient Uptake of Rice by The Impact of Inorganic, Organic, and Biological Sources of Nutrients in An Inceptisol Soil of Tamil Nadu

Using the rice variety ADT-37, a field experiment was conducted in the rabi season of 2023 in Tamil Nadu. The scope of the study is to find out the impact of different sources of nutrients on nutrient content and uptake of rice. Most of the previous research work has combined inorganic and organic sources, or inorganic alone or organic alone or anyone with biological. Here we have included inorganic, organic and biological sources of nutrients. The experiment included of nine treatments viz., T1 – Control, T2 - 100% RDF, T3 - 125% RDF , T4 - 100% RDF + Press mud @ 10 t ha-1 + 2% Zinc Solubilizing Bacteria, T5 – 100% RDF + Vermicompost @ 6 t ha-1 + 2% Zinc Solubilizing Bacteria, T6 – 100% RDF + Coirpith Compost @ 6 t ha-1 + 2% Zinc Solubilizing Bacteria, T7 – 125% RDF + Press mud @ 10 t ha-1 + 2% Zinc Solubilizing Bacteria, T8 – 125% RDF + Vermicompost @ 6 t ha-1 + 2% Zinc Solubilizing Bacteria, T9 – 125% RDF + Coirpith Compost @ 6 t ha-1 + 2% Zinc Solubilizing Bacteria. The result concluded that 125% RDF + Vermicompost @ 6 t ha-1 + 2% Zinc Solubilizing Bacteria (T8) resulted maximum values in nutrient content and significantly higher in nutrient uptake values.

Synthesis of Galacto-oligosaccharides in Milk by Using Bifidobacterium bifidum β-galactosidases (Saphera 2600L and Nola Fit 5500) Immobilized on Chitosan Beads

The lactose intolerance—as a limiting factor for dairy milk consumption—has a high prevalence worldwide. Dairy milk and milk-derived products are major sources of multiple inorganic compounds and nutrients and thus are considered to be functional foods. β-galactosidases are able to hydrolyze lactose and are therefore widely applied for the production of lactose-free products. In addition, they are capable of the synthesis of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOSs); thus, the dairy industry has a special interest in applying them for the enrichment of dairy products with prebiotic GOSs. In this work, we studied two commercially available β-galactosidase products: Saphera 2600L and Nola Fit 5500. Both enzyme solutions contain a recombinant β-galactosidase of Bifidobacterium bifidum and have already been authorized for food industrial application, but the information about their hydrolytic and/or synthetic activities is only limited. After immobilization on chitosan beads, the enzymes were used for lactose hydrolysis and simultaneous synthesis of GOSs, by performing the reactions in pasteurized milk (skim milk). Both immobilized β-galactosidase exhibited elevated lactose hydrolysis (vmax increased from ~ 1 to ~ 4 mM/min) and GOS synthesis as compared to the free enzymes. The enzyme-coated beads were efficiently re-used at least 15 cycles; the residual lactose concentration was < 2 mg/ml after each cycle. After treatment, GOSs were present in ≤ 9% of the total sugar content, indicating that the prepared low-lactose milks were enriched in prebiotic GOSs. The application of immobilized Saphera 2600L and Nola Fit 5500 β-galactosidases may be implemented for the large-scale production of GOS-enriched low-lactose milk.Graphical

Response of Organic and Inorganic Nutrient Sources on Growth, Productivity and Nutrient Content of Wheat

A study was conducted at college farm of Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India to evaluate the influence of integrated application of different nutrient sources on growth, yield and nutrient content of wheat (Triticum aestivum L). Experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with three replications. Under different nutrient sources, i.e. control, 50 to 100% RDF, FYM 5 t ha-1, biofertilizers and their combined application were done. Findings exhibits that the application of 75 % RDF+5 t FYM ha-1+Azotobacter+PSB in wheat, significantly enhanced all growth (dry matter, chlorophyll content, total tillers, CGR, RGR and others) &amp; yield attributes (Effective tillers, test weight and others), grain yield (4.12 t ha-1) and as quality, nutrient (N, P, K) content and protein content of wheat over rest of treatments, but it remained statistically at par with 100 % RDF+5 t FYM ha-1+ Azotobacter+PSB (grain yield 4.18 t ha-1). Thus, it is concluded that for better nutrient management, an integration of organic, inorganic and biofertilizers sould be done. With application of 75 % RDF+5 t FYM ha-1+Azotobacter+PSB, there is 25% saving of nutrients as compared to 100 % RDF+5 t FYM ha-1+ Azotobacter+PSB.

Comparison of Organic and In-organic Sources of Nutrients in Radish for Higher Productivity and Soil Fertility

Comparison of Organic and In-organic Sources of Nutrients in Radish for Higher Productivity and Soil Fertility

Effect of Vermicompost, Biofertilizers and in Organic Fertilizers on Nutrient Uptake and Physico-chemical Properties of Soil: A Case Study of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

A field trial was conducted during Rabi 2020-21 in randomized block design with three replications and seven treatments comprising individual and combined application of various organic and inorganic nutrient sources at Research Farm, MMU Sadopur (Ambala), Haryana. The experiment was intended to evaluate the effect of vermicompost, biofertilizers and inorganic fertilizers applied in chickpea on nutrient uptake and physico-chemical properties of soil pH (8.24). The highest organic carbon (0.58%), electrical conductivity (0.51 dS m-1), particle density (2.50 g/cm3) and porosity (48.47%) along with maximum available N (126.5 kg ha-1), P (23.2 kg/ha) and K (98.33 kg/ha) were observed in the treatment of T6 i.e., 3 t/ha Vermicompost + Rhizobium + PSB. Similarly, the nutrient content (N, P and K) was maximum in seed and stover of chickpea harvested from the plots receiving 3 t/ha Vermicompost + Rhizobium + PSB, which was statistically at par with T7 i.e., 2.5 t/ha Vermicompost + Rhizobium + PSB. The highest net return was recorded in plots treated with 50% RDF (Recommended dose of fertilizer) + Rhizobium + PSB and 75% RDF + Rhizobium + PSB with a benefit cost ratio (B: C) of 3.2 and 3.1, respectively. However, the seed yield in integrated nutrient management was comparable to recommended dose of chemical fertilizers

Evaluating the Long-Term Effect of Integrated Nutrients of Pome, Cow Dung and NPK on Soil Chemical Properties under a Garden-Egg Field

Soil amendments have been found to have a long-term effect on soil either positively or negatively, several soil management researches have been able to establish that sole application of inorganic fertilizer particularly nitrogen fertilizers can leave residual hydrogen ions in the soil which causes soil acidity over time. This study investigated the residual effects of different soil amendments of Palm Oil Mill Effluents (POME), cow dung, and NPK fertilizer, on soil chemical properties in two locations: Ekiti State University Teaching and Research Farm (EKSU) and Onu-Ijelu High School Agricultural Farm. The aim is to evaluate the long-term impact of these commonly used organic and inorganic nutrient sources on soil properties. The research utilizes a randomized complete block deign replicated three times to test the residual effect of the treatments. The research was divided into first and second trial, the result presented here is based on the outcome of the second trial. At the termination of the residual trial, it was found that organic matter contents of soils treated with cow-dung and POME increased while that of the NPK fertilizer reduced. There was a decrease in soil pH on soils treated with NPK fertilizer but found to increase on soils treated with POME and cow-dung. Other nutrient elements including exchangeable cations were also found to increase in soils with POME and Cow-dung. This phenomenon was attributed to mineralization process which made nutrients stored-up in these organic materials to be released slowly and at the same time reducing their loss from the soil. It was concluded that nutrients from organic sources have a longer residual advantage to soil and can be used in combination with inorganic fertilizer for better soil management. The findings from these result provides valuable insights into the long-term effect of these soil amendments and can help farmers and researchers make informed decisions about their appropriate and sustainable use in agriculture.

Study on Tillage, Organic and Inorganic Nutrient Sources: A Short-term Agronomic and Economic Analysis of Soybean (Glycine max L.) under Sub Humid Agro-climatic Conditions

Background: Tillage systems such as zero tillage and minimum or reduced tillage leave more crop residues and offer greater protection to soil erosion. Besides appropriate selection of tillage practices, the improvement in average yield per hectare can be achieved by maintaining the soil fertility through proper rate and mode of application of fertilizers. Inorganic and organic sources of nutrients have potential in reversing the declining soil-health and crop productivity by correcting the marginal deficiencies of secondary and micro-nutrients, micro-flora and fauna and their beneficial influence on physical and biological properties of soil. Methods: Experiment was laid out for two years (2020 and 2021) at the Experimental Farm, Department of Agronomy, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur. There were twelve treatment combinations comprising three tillage practices (zero tillage, reduced tillage and conventional tillage) and four organic and inorganic nutrient sources (75 and 100% recommended dose of nitrogen through FYM and 75 and 100% recommended dose of fertilizer through urea, single super phosphate and muriate of potash) which were tested in split plot design with tillage practices in main plots and different nutrient sources in sub plots. Result: Among different tillage practices adapted, reduced tillage recorded higher yield, nutrient uptake, protein content, oil content and economics of soybean, whereas among different nutrient sources tested, use of 100 per cent recommended dose of fertilizers provided highest profitability and productivity of soybean under mustard-soybean cropping system.