Innovative Redesign Research Articles

Multi-objective optimization of a novel gas-liquid cylindrical cyclone based on response surface methodology

Currently, most major oilfields in China have reached a stage of high water content, where the extracted fluid is often accompanied by significant volumes of associated gas. This situation increases extraction costs and elevates safety risks. To address these challenges, this paper presents an innovative redesign of the traditional gas-liquid cylindrical cyclone (GLCC) by applying composite mechanics to improve the inner cone structure. The new design is tailored for conditions with high gas content and flow rates. Using response surface optimization, the optimal structural parameters for the separator were identified: an inlet area of 881 mm2, a column diameter of 110 mm, and an inner cone height of 189 mm. Furthermore, the study integrates numerical simulation with experimental research to compare and analyze the flow characteristics and separation performance of the GLCC before and after optimization. The results demonstrate that the optimized GLCC achieves a separation efficiency of 93.2 %, an improvement of 21.2 percentage points over the initial design, with a maximum pressure loss of 0.0621 MPa. The experimental findings and numerical simulations show strong agreement, confirming the efficacy of the new design.

Cultural Echoes in Modern Design: Assessing Young Consumers’ Perceptions of Traditional Bamboo Weaving Patterns

This study, employing convenience sampling of art specialists, investigates the emotional resonance of young consumers with Chinese bamboo patterns, underscoring their significance in the realm of contemporary design. Through the lens of Kansei engineering, we delve into the intricate world of bamboo weaving patterns, scrutinizing their perceptual evaluations and user preferences among 104 art university students aged 18–23. Our analysis not only identifies pivotal factors for innovative redesign but also underscores the pivotal role of these traditional patterns in enhancing the emotional and aesthetic appeal of products for the younger generation. The findings illuminate a notable appreciation among this demographic for the ecofriendly and culturally rich bamboo patterns, positioning them as essential elements in modern lifestyle products. The study advances the discourse on integrating cultural heritage into product innovation, advocating for designs that resonate with the aesthetic sensibilities and environmental values of today’s youth. This aligns with the critical insights into the various categories of patterns and their diverse applications in contemporary design, addressing the cognitive gap between designers and consumers and highlighting the importance of cultural motifs in product development.

Principles of representation of innovative models of piece intelligence in intelligent computer measures for energy systems.

An analysis of the problem of innovative redesign of distributed energy systems based on the methods of piece intelligence for the intelligentization of fluid technological processes has been carried out. The methodology for representing innovative mathematical models to human intelligence in intelligent computer systems has been proposed. The set of principles for the formation of intelligent mathematical models of advanced intellectual complexity and dimension for. Methods for creating cognitive models and methods for simulating creative activity for identifying and forming new knowledge have been suggested. A number of differential mathematical models and methods for the development, in the field of differential images, of the totality of spectral and correlation analysis of anomalous processes, which are traditionally assigned to the creative class, have been proposed. Bible.8.

Changing trends in implant designs: A review

Implantology is an ever-evolving scientific field that undergoes continuous refinement and innovation. Dedicated research and development efforts are focused on consistently improving the success rates of implants through innovative redesign and advancements. The introduction of advanced technologies has revolutionized the evaluation of patients in three dimensions, enabling clinicians to utilize precise and predictable approaches for diagnosis, planning, and treatment. This multidisciplinary patient-centric framework has opened new avenues for providing tailored and effective healthcare solutions. Therefore, it is of utmost importance for clinicians to conduct a comprehensive analysis of each patient's condition, ensuring meticulous selection of the suitable implant design and material, and making informed decisions regarding the most appropriate technique to be employed.

Evolution of Decorative Elegance: Rediscovering the Honeysuckle Pattern in the Caisson Ceilings of the Mogao Grottoes during the Middle Sui Dynasty

The Mogao Grottoes, situated in Dunhuang City, Gansu Province, holds significant cultural value as an iconic site of Chinese heritage. Among the intricate patterns adorning the caisson ceilings within these grottoes, the honeysuckle pattern stands out as one of the most popular designs. This paper propose an innovative redesign method the honeysuckle pattern specifically for the caisson in the Mogao Grottoes during the middle Sui Dynasty in order to better inherit the art of Dunhuang and meet contemporary aesthetic requirements. A literature review and case study were used to summarize Lotus pattern types and characteristics. It begins by providing an overview of the original honeysuckle pattern found in the caisson ceilings of the grottoes, followed by an analysis of the different decorative patterns on the borders of caisson ceilings in the early and middle Sui dynasties. Then, The paper proposes a novel design model for the honeysuckle pattern, drawing inspiration from historical designs and employing a combination of traditional and modern technology. Through this methodology, the paper concludes that the innovative honeysuckle pattern design for the caisson in the Mogao Grottoes successfully integrates traditional design elements with contemporary design methods. This design method not only reflects the historical context of the Middle Sui Dynasty but also exemplifies the potential of method in contemporary design practice.

Innovative Redesign of Mianzhu New Year Picture Products: A Path to Integrate Culture and Tourism

This research focuses on fostering the evolution of intangible cultural heritage, taking the case study of the Mianzhu New Year image, a respected element of Chinese cultural heritage. It investigates the potential for innovatively redesigning these image products to boost tourism appeal. The methodology is tripartite. In the initial phase, we probe the demand for a product redesign and seek methods to enhance it via the KANO-AHP model, offering design modification recommendations based on potential consumers' expectations. The second phase incorporates an examination of the cultural and artistic elements of the Mianzhu New Year image. Following a premeditated needs evaluation, the graphic design, form, content, and shape of the image are cultivated for innovation. The final stage encompasses a critique of the refined design. Here, the process is meticulously documented, and experts from product design, tourism, and cultural studies sectors measure the design's effectiveness. To derive valid data, we utilize intentional samples at each stage, applying qualitative or quantitative analyses corresponding to different stage characteristics. Thus, this project not only advances the innovative and transformative development of intangible cultural heritage but also offers insight into effectively merging culture and tourism. This research can provide a blueprint for similar cultural conservation initiatives globally, promoting heritage preservation through attention to local economic and tourism contexts.

Sustainable Product Development Using FMEA ECQFD TRIZ and Fuzzy TOPSIS

Increasing demand for simplification of frequently used products promotes innovation with simple mechanisms. In this study, an attempt is made by amalgamating FMEA, QFD, TRIZ, LCA, and fuzzy TOPSIS for the development of sustainable products. The methodology is executed to redesign a simple pressure relief valve (PRV) in an economic, sustainable, and innovative manner. The failure modes of PRV are considered in FMEA and ranked by their RPN. The environmental voice of the customer is imbibed in ECQFD to correlate with the engineering specifications and obtain the critical zones of improvement. Possible innovations of the existing design based on the design option selected from ECQFD are considered by analyzing the design feature contradictions, and solutions are addressed using the TRIZ matrix. Four CAD models of improved designs were created and subjected to sustainability analysis and fatigue life analysis. The redesigns were evaluated using fuzzy TOPSIS, an MCDM approach, to obtain an unbiased ranking based on multiple criteria supported by the result analysis and expert opinions. The final design was selected for prototyping. This approach provides a holistic approach for innovative product design and development and a simplified approach for an innovative redesign of an existing product.

The value of a redesigned clinical course during COVID-19 pandemic: an explorative convergent mixed-methods study

BackgroundThe COVID-19 lockdown in March 2020 had a significant consequence for nursing students worldwide including limited access to learning situations in clinical rotation. Therefore, this study aims to explore how an innovative redesign of a clinical course in a time of pandemic supported nursing students in learning the fundamentals of care in their first year. The redesign involved the transformation of a traditional hands-on clinical course into a technology-enhanced learning environment.DesignThis was an explorative convergent mixed-methods study using both quantitative and qualitative methods.MethodsTwenty-four first-year nursing students responded to an online questionnaire with open-ended questions. Two nursing students and one faculty member participated in individual online interviews, and three faculty members participated in an online focus group interview. All the data were collected in June 2020. The quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the qualitative data using content analysis. The GRAMMS guideline was applied.ResultsThe students achieved the learning outcomes regarding fundamental care, basic physical assessment skills, and clinical reasoning with the help of academic assignments, multimedia learning resources, and virtual patients. Further, six central aspects of the facilitator role in the virtual simulation were identified. The aspect that was considered most valuable involved uncovering the “red thread” between different areas of knowledge in the first year of nursing education; this supported the students to better understand how to think and talk like a nurse.ConclusionThis study offers insight into how a technology-enhanced clinical course can foster the learning of fundamental nursing care, basic physical assessment skills, and clinical reasoning skills; enhancing students’ preparedness for clinical hours. Virtual patients’ scenarios contributed to integrating different types of knowledge and skills that are important when providing nursing care for patients in clinical practice. This study also highlighted a gap in pedagogical competence among faculty members with regards to facilitating learning in a technology-enhanced learning environment. Study findings suggest promising pedagogical strategies that should be further developed post-pandemic, in response to the call for a renewal of nursing education using more technologically supported learning designs.

The Rowan Hillson Inpatient Safety Award 2019 for the best perioperative pathway for people with diabetes

Introduction: The annual National Diabetes Inpatient Audit (NaDIA) in the UK continues to show a high incidence of insulin errors in patients admitted to hospital with diabetes. New initiatives are urgently required to mitigate this risk.Method: The Joint British Diabetes Societies for Inpatient Care (JBDS-IP) organised the sixth national Rowan Hillson Inpatient Safety Award on the theme of the best perioperative pathway for people with diabetes.Result: The winner was the team from Aneurin Bevan University Health Board led by Dr David Burckett-St Laurent for their innovative re-design of the perioperative pathway by a cross-specialty working group. The main elements of the new system were standardised patient assessment, optimisation of perioperative diabetes control, personalised diabetes management plans generated from a drop-down menu with information on usual drug treatment, pre-op/day of surgery diabetes medication modification, advice on hypoglycaemia management and sick-day rules, anaesthetic review for people with HbA1c >69 mmol/mol, secondary care diabetes review for people with suboptimal diabetes control, new inpatient charts with guidance on diabetes drug management, streamlining of time and place of admission and greater engagement and education of people with diabetes and staff looking after them. This resulted in significant improvement in outcomes and reduction in risks.The Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust team led by Dr Nicola Leech and colleagues received the runners-up award for their 3-year quality improvement project involving multiple specialties. The project included development of trust-wide policies and protocols, educational initiatives, targeted diabetes specialist nurse in-reach, innovative electronic whiteboard alerts for glycaemic control and electronic hypo alerts. The result was a reduction in insulin errors and hypoglycaemia on surgical wards by over 50%, a reduction in Datix incidents and fewer patients suffering harm events.Summary and conclusion: These and similar schemes need to be developed, promoted and shared to reduce insulin errors in hospitalised patients with diabetes.

Pedagogical Practices Shaping Professional Identity in Public Health Programs

University academic preparation plays a critical role in guiding undergraduate public health students shape their professional identity (PI) and demonstrate professionalism in their transition to work environments. PI is an understanding of profession-related connections, characteristics, roles, values, standards, and culture continuing over time. Despite evidence supporting PI learning across medicine, nursing, or pharmacy, little is known about public health pedagogic and curricular approaches as important concepts to support PI learning. There is a need for an innovative curriculum redesign to include planning PI experiences, teaching professionalism across courses, and supporting students as they become early career professionals. By acquiring new knowledge and applying those skills during the undergraduate public health courses, students develop a commitment to and pride in their chosen profession. This article gives an overview of PI, provides a PI conceptual framework, and offers 10 suggestions on how to advance PI effectively in the redesigned public health curriculum.

Improving Patient-Pharmacist Encounters with Over-The-Counter Medications: A Mixed-Methods Pilot Study.

Over-the-counter (OTC) medication use has increased safety risks for adults older than 65. Most older adults purchase OTC medications from community pharmacies, where the considerable distance or visual obstructions between the prescription area and OTC aisles undermine pharmacists' ability to assist patients with OTC medication decisions. An innovative redesign of an abbreviated medication section specifically for older adults (called the Senior SectionTM ) can facilitate pharmacy staff/patient interaction, potentially improving safe medication selection and use. This study evaluated the impact of the Senior Section on the frequency and content of OTC encounters between pharmacy staff and patients. An intervention mixed-methods design generated data from patient OTC encounters, and interviews with two pharmacists and two technicians, throughout the study. NVivo was used to code interview transcripts, and frequencies and chi-square analyses demonstrated pre/post-intervention comparisons for the OTC encounter variables. After Senior Section implementation, pharmacy staff were more likely to initiate (and be involved in) patient encounters, address more topics or problem/symptoms, provide details about OTC products, discuss appropriateness of OTC use, and discuss medication classes highlighted in the Senior Section. Pharmacy staff were less likely to need to leave the prescription department for extended periods; they also had fewer prolonged encounters or encounters about product location. Importantly, the Senior Section did not impede pharmacy workflow. The Senior Section prompted more frequent, effective, and efficient engagements between pharmacy staff and patients, which may substantially reduce OTC-related harms among older adults.

THE INCREASING OF SCHOOL ATTRACTIVENESS AS A KEY PROBLEM OF ITS RENOVATION IN THE PERIOD OF SOCIAL CHANGES

The attractiveness of school for children, parents, communities and teachers is a complex and multidimensional phenomenon. This article deals with its several aspects, namely the necessity of modernizing and innovative redesign of the content of educational subject curricula, textbooks. This task should be solved at all levels beginning with the ministry and finishing with a separate educational institution. But exactly the teachers of a new generation should play a special role in the renovation and reform of the content part of national education. Training new teachers` personnel is the task of pedagocial universities. They should considerably renovate the conceptual foundations of the educational and upbringing process, provide a competency approach, introduce the latest technologies as well as thoroughly reinterpret home and foreign pedagogical experience, new realias of social existence and besides realize everything in practice. The subject of the research is the renewal of the school in the period of social changes. The goal of the article is to study the attractiveness of the school as a key problem of its renewal in the period of social changes. The methodology of studying the attractiveness is based on the use of systematic, logical, historical and dialectic approaches and methods. The results of the scientific research. The figure of a teacher, his authority, psychological and communicative qualities and personal and professional competencies are one of the key factors on the basis of which the attractiveness of the educational establishment as a whole is formed and ensured. The practical value of the results. In order to attract pupils by his educational and upbringing activities and behaviour the teacher must fully possess and actively apply innovative and humanistic technologies, demonstrate personal creativity and artistic explorations. The scientifically developed methodological and didactic principles and also technological techniques

Innovative Design of Ergonomic Wheelchair For Disabled People

For disabled people, difficulties in daily activities still become a major problem, especially for those who do not have normal legs. This condition requires an appliance to ease them in moving that is wheelchair. However, the use of the existing wheelchair still gives problems such as pain in buttock (90%), waist (93%), hands (86%), thigh (90%), and back (93%). Furthermore, the chair is easily damaged (83%), difficult to manoeuvre and move (83%), as well as expensive (67%). Thus, it is crucial to improve wheelchair. The objective of this study was to propose an ergonomic and innovative redesign of wheelchair in order to be able to satisfy users’ need. The QFD method was used to determine the design specification of the wheelchair. Survey was done to identify user requirements of the design. Statistical analysis was implemented to test hypothesis. The result of this study showed that the proposed design of the wheelchair is valid to satisfy user criteria at 5% significance level since it is more comfortable, stronger, affordable, easier to use, easier to repair and easier to move.

Recharting the history of economic thought: approaches to and student experiences of the introduction of pluralist teaching in an undergraduate economics curriculum

The student movement calling for the introduction of pluralist and heterodox economics teaching in higher education presents a unique set of challenges for those who want to incorporate different economic approaches into their teaching. This paper outlines an innovative redesign of a course on the History of Economic Thought, which acted as a vehicle for exposing students to different theoretical traditions and engaging them in critical reflections on mainstream economics. It also presents findings from a research project conducted with economics students at the University of Northampton that aimed to understand their experiences of the redesign. We reflect on the pedagogical challenges highlighted by students and the implications this has for (re)designing the economics curriculum. Our findings challenge arguments commonly deployed against the introduction of pluralist teaching. These include the notions that there is no appetite for this in the broader student population, that students would fail to engage with such an approach, that they fear a negative impact on their employability and that alternative economic approaches should only be introduced at an advanced level.

SPARC3: The future of Associate of Science

ABSTRACTEmployment within STEM fields has been escalating at a greater rate than employment in other fields (National Science Foundation, 2010). Unfortunately, the number of college students moving into STEM fields of study are substantially low (Lowell & Regets, 2006). The first two years of STEM education for many students take place at the often-overlooked community college level. The purpose of this case study is to evaluate the innovative curriculum redesign of the Associate of Science (A.S.) degree program within the community college sector. Gaston College developed a program that includes inquiry-based instruction, authentic undergraduate research experiences, learning communities, and the inclusion of holistic student services for A.S. students. The goal of the SPARC3 (STEM Persistence and Retention via C3 i.e., curricula, cohorts, centralization) initiative was to increase persistence and retention among STEM students by transforming the traditional curriculum in the A.S. degree program, centralizing student support services, and increasing student engagement. This study uses the lens of transformational leadership to guide the evaluation of the data and to contextualize the constructs developed throughout the initiative. The findings reveal how SPARC3 has redesigned the way in which community colleges tackle their science curriculum and bring STEM curriculum back to the forefront. Further discussion of implications and concluding thoughts are included.

Co-designed outpatient clinic with consumerns for a patient and familiy centred approach

The Super Saturday Clinic provided patients and families with the opportunity to access a range of services on the same day. Family feedback demonstrated the importance of integrated care as families were appreciative to access services all in one day and in the same clinic. Working closely with consumers, the co-designed clinic was structured around patient centred care, and proved to be a great success. The Super Saturday Clinic concept emerged from consumer’s feedback that told us how many families travel to attend multiple appointments at Lady Cilento Children’s Hospital. These appointments are often scheduled across different days, resulting in travel costs, plus time away from work, school and family. They also noted that appointments scheduled across several days result in service gaps and missed opportunities for education. The co-designed outpatient clinic with consumers saw a range of clinicians come together to pilot a clinic outside of business hours on a Saturday. Current clinics are not always integrated with Allied Health who can be contacted on an ad-hoc basis. Alternative clinical practices were explored with interdisciplinary team work aligning with the super clinic which supported multiple disciplinary coordination and integration of services to meet the needs of patients and families in one clinic. [i] Two clinics were piloted for patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritic and inflammatory bowel disease. The clinic took three months of planning and coordination by the Innovation Change and Redesign Excellence (iCARE) unit. This team provides structure to enable transformation of health services within Children's Health Queensland (CHQ). Their involvement in the super clinic allowed seamless coordination as they were unrelated to a clinical team. The clinic was held in February 2017, with consultations being provided by the medical teams, clinical nurses, physiotherapy, occupational therapy, dietetics, social work, welfare, pharmacy and immunisation services. Overall, 119 consultations were delivered within 6 hours. There were 20 patients who attended, 18 of which had 4 or more consults and 5 of these patients had 7 or 8 consults. Families also had access with Non-Government Organisations to learn about community support. Since the pilot clinic, the primary driver has been to incorporate Allied Health permanently into existing clinics which is a sustainable approach compared to the current ad-hoc arrangement. The patient cohorts for the clinic were ideal as they had high proportion of Allied Health involvement which would be criteria for transferability between specialties. The lessons learnt focused on the need for a single coordinator and to allow sufficient time for clinic closure activities. A barrier to delivering Saturday clinics is dependent on the funding arrangements to support additional clinics which are reviewed yearly with Queensland Health. Families noted that they appreciated having access to services that they previously may not have seen. They also valued the availability of Saturday appointments reducing time off school and work while allowing other family members to attend. References : 1- Sandall S, McLean ME, Smith BJ. Recommended Practices in Early Intervention/Early Childhood Special Education. Longmont and Denver: Sopris West and DEC; 2000.

'iREAP' - integrated Rehabilitation and EnAblement Programme

Introduction : The development of frailty leads to a spiral of decline of increasing frailty, worsening disability, falls, hospitalisation, and death. iREAP addresses the need to provide proactive multidisciplinary, community integrated services for at-risk older people. Practice change : iREAP is an innovative redesign of the traditional Day Rehabilitation Model focusing on pre-crisis early intervention and partnerships with Primary Health Network (PHN) to identify patients in the community. Aim and theory of change : The aim is to provide early, coordinated and integrated, semi-intensive, multidisciplinary rehabilitation to specific patient groups in an outpatient setting. Through an eight week programme combining evidence based falls prevention, education, Physiotherapy, Speech Pathology, Dietetics, Podiatry, Continence Nursing, Geriatric Assessment, Psychology, Social Work, and Occupational Therapy, iREAP aims to achieve: Improved physical function, quality of life and reduced frailty. Provide timely, efficient and effective care to reduce hospital admissions. Improve patient experience and self-management. Targeted population and stakeholders iREAP provides intervention to two distinct high risk older complex patient groups – those at risk of falls and frailty (FF), or those with neurodegenerative conditions (PD). Clients at imminent risk of hospitalisation can be fast-tracked to ensure timely access to care. Stakeholder engagement ensures an integrated approach, including partnerships with the Agency for Clinical Innovation, PHN, Community Transport, local tertiary hospitals and Community Providers. Timeline : iREAP commenced March 2016. Twelve month data for all 76 clients who completed iREAP was collected (35 FF and 41 PD). Successful outcomes ensured continuation of the new model. Highlights : Statistically significant improvements were shown for the following outcomes: Improved function and confidence to self-manage (mean pre and post Timed Up and Go 19.3 to 14.4 seconds (p Mean pre and post Clinical Frailty Scale reduced from 5 to 3 (p Improvement in clients’ quality of life as shown on WHO QOL scale from 78 to 82 (p=0.035) and PDQ-39 49 to 39 (p = 0.001) Ten unnecessary hospital admission were avoided. Patient experience feedback highlight iREAP as a model which is embraced and highly valued by the clients who participate in it. Improvement in clients’ knowledge of their condition 59% to 78% on knowledge test (p Sustainability : Clinical redesign of outpatient services has improved efficiency with non-admitted activity increased in outpatient services by 40%. Further reprioritisation of existing resources along with potential funding opportunities through the PHN will support ongoing expansion of the service. Transferability : Clinical redesign of existing services means this model has potential for replication across different services and could be spread to other complex patient populations. Conclusions : iREAP is an effective integrated interdisciplinary program. Participants improved on both functional measures, quality of life and frailty scores. Discussion : Ongoing evaluation and follow-up is required to assess if these gains are maintained, and if the results translate into reduced falls and hospital admissions in the long term. Lessons learned : Clinical redesign leads to better patient-centred care through co-ordination and goal orientated enablement focus. Partnerships with PHN are crucial in an anticipatory care approach.

Implementation of a Preventive Services Bundle in Academic Pediatric Primary Care Centers.

Previous studies have documented poor rates of delivery of preventive services, 1 of the core services provided in the primary care medical home setting. We aimed to increase the reliability of delivering a bundle of preventive services to patients 0 to 14 months of age from 58% of patient visits to 95% of visits. The bundle includes administration of routine vaccinations, offering influenza vaccination, completed lead screening, completed developmental screening tool, screening for maternal depression and food insecurity, and documentation of gestational age. The setting was 3 academic pediatric primary care clinics that serve 31,000 patients (>90% Medicaid). Quality improvement methodology was used and key driver diagram was determined. Patient "Ideal Visit Flow" and the Responsible, Accountable, Support, Consulted, and Informed Matrix were developed to drive accountability for components of the ideal flow. Plan, Do, Study, Act cycles were used to develop successful interventions. The percent of patients seen who received all bundle elements for which they were eligible was plotted weekly on a run chart, and statistical process control methods were used to determine a significant change in performance. The preintervention percentage of patient visits ages 0 to 14 months receiving all preventive service bundle elements was 58%. The postintervention percentage is 92%. Innovative redesign led to improvement in percentage of patients age 0 to 14 months who received the entire preventive services bundle. Key elements for success were multidisciplinary site-specific teams, redesigned visit flow, effective communication, and resources for data and project management.

Patent Product Innovation Re-Design Based on Function Analysis

Background: Function is the essential requirement of the user to the product and functional innovation is to optimize, update and restructure the function of the product. Objective: In this paper, the first objective is to accomplish function innovation re-design of patent product based on function analysis methods. Method: This method includes the following steps: function definition, re-design problem identification, problem solving and solution evaluation. Firstly, the total function is identified to build the function model based on patent claim of target patent. Then, judging whether there is a problem with the model and choosing the appropriate method of solving the problem. The method consists of two techniques: (a) using the method of patent around strategies based on TRIZ problemsolving tools to solve the innovation re-design problem; (b) applying the function tree structure and function change to solve function element, and to realize the patent product innovation re-design. Results: Finally, refining and optimizing the design concept to develop a new product. Results demonstrated that the method of patent innovation re-design based on function analysis is more accurate. Conclusion: Recent patent product study on the Red Wine Packaging is investigated to illustrate the method. Keywords: Function analysis, function change, function element, function tree, innovation re-design, patent around strategies, red wine packaging.

Transformational change in healthcare: an examination of four case studies

Objectives Healthcare leaders around the world are calling for radical, transformational change of our health and care systems. This will be a difficult and complex task. In this article, we examine case studies in which transformational change has been achieved, and seek to learn from these experiences. Methods We used the case study method to investigate examples of transformational change in healthcare. The case studies were identified from preliminary doctoral research into the transition towards future sustainable health and social care systems. Evidence was collected from multiple sources, key features of each case study were displayed in a matrix and thematic analysis was conducted. The results are presented in narrative form. Results Four case studies were selected: two from the US, one from Australia and one from the UK. The notable features are discussed for each case study. There were many common factors: a well communicated vision, innovative redesign, extensive consultation and engagement with staff and patients, performance management, automated information management and high-quality leadership. Conclusions Although there were some notable differences between the case studies, overall the characteristics of success were similar and collectively provide a blueprint for transformational change in healthcare. What is known about the topic? Healthcare leaders around the world are calling for radical redesign of our systems in order to meet the challenges of modern society. What does this paper add? There are some remarkable examples of transformational change in healthcare. The key factors in success are similar across the case studies. What are the implications for practitioners? Collectively, these key factors can guide future attempts at transformational change in healthcare.