Inland Capture Research Articles

Ancient and Recent Hybridization in the Oreochromis Cichlid Fishes.

Cichlid fishes of the genus Oreochromis (tilapia) are among the most important fish for inland capture fisheries and global aquaculture. Deliberate introductions of non-native species for fisheries improvement and accidental escapees from farms have resulted in admixture with indigenous species. Such hybridization may be detrimental to native biodiversity, potentially leading to genomic homogenization of populations and the loss of important genetic material associated with local adaptation. By contrast, introgression may fuel diversification when combined with ecological opportunity, by supplying novel genetic combinations. To date, the role of introgression in the evolutionary history of tilapia has not been explored. Here we studied both ancient and recent hybridization in tilapia, using whole genome resequencing of 575 individuals from 23 species. We focused on Tanzania, a natural hotspot of tilapia diversity, and a country where hybridization between exotic and native species in the natural environment has been previously reported. We reconstruct the first genome-scale phylogeny of the genus and reveal prevalent ancient gene flow across the Oreochromis phylogeny. This has likely resulted in the hybrid speciation of one species, O. chungruruensis. We identify multiple cases of recent hybridization between native and introduced species in the wild, linked to the use of non-native species in both capture fisheries improvement and aquaculture. This has potential implications for both conservation of wild populations and the development of the global tilapia aquaculture industry.

Inland Fisheries Production Condition with Production Unit-Wise Productivity and Production Growth Rate in Bangladesh

In Bangladesh, 85% of fisheries yield comes from inland fisheries. There is an evident production gap between the inland capture and culture fisheries in sample data, but what is in population? The study evaluates the production gap between inland capture and culture fisheries by appropriate test statistics and traces the production share, productivity, yield area, and growth status of various production units of inland fisheries. The required data have been collected from the website of the department of fisheries of Bangladesh. To evaluate the production gap, the study relies on the Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon U test. The P-value, 0.02272 < 0.05, suggested that there is a significant yield gap between the population of inland capture and culture fisheries in Bangladesh. Inland capture and culture controlled 82.06% and 17.94% of inland production area and 33.03% and 66.97% of production, respectively. The productivity of the inland culture fishery is 9.2 times higher than the inland capture. Rivers, floodplains, and ponds combinedly control 83.07% of the inland production area and 82.57% of the inland yield. To achieve the vision of Bangladesh, policymakers should make separate fishery policies for rivers, floodplains, and ponds. This study might be helpful to national and international bodies to understand the inland fisheries population and production units which might be helpful to restructure fisheries policy in Bangladesh

Inland Fisheries: Challenging Issues & Management Strategies in Indian Context

Inland capture and culture fisheries is an important sector of Indian agriculture, providing employment, food and nutritional security, particularly to the rural poor and better access to protein-rich food for all. The country has shown continuous and sustained increments in fish production, since independence. The inland fisheries are composed of mainly three components i.e. fisheries resources, fish & fishers. The sector has vast production potential, particularly for inland aquaculture and culture-based fisheries resources. But nowadays, the sector is facing various challenging issues like environmental pressures, overexploitation, inadequate database & catch information, unequal gender participation, lack of sufficient infrastructure and inadequate governance systems. In order to overcome these issues, a holistic approach is required to manage the inland fisheries by involving its major components which are fisheries resources, fish & fishers. This is the need of the hour to take action in a collaborative manner by government, scientists, fishery managers, fishers and multiple resource users for sustainable management of inland fisheries resources by encompassing the concept of Ecosystem-based fisheries management. We all need to be responsible for our duties towards the conservation and management of aquatic resources, not only for conserving the wealth of inland fisheries for the present but for future generations also.

Hydropower Development and the Neglect of Inland Capture Fisheries from a Food Systems Perspective

This paper addresses why food security implications of projected losses to inland capture fisheries due to hydropower development have been neglected in policy arenas. Drawing on the case of the Lower Mekong Basin, this paper applies a conceptual framework for analyzing this question as a case of fundamental food system change. Four inter-related axes of change – narratives, actors, institutions and resources – constitute the framework for analyzing and challenging the dynamics and values of food systems change. Despite substantial scientific evidence on the nutritional and food security significance of the fisheries, and the magnitude of negative impacts of planned hydropower development, there has been no discernible shift in hydropower investment and related policy. The lack of attention to this food production loss is due to a broader transformation in food systems, itself shaped by powerful interests and values. Addressing the neglect of fisheries requires challenging this trajectory of food system change.

Conservation for sustaining livelihoods: Adaptive co-management of fish no-take zones in the Mekong River

A major challenge in natural resource management in developing countries is to pursue conservation objectives while avoiding negative impacts on local livelihoods. Inland capture fisheries provide opportunities to demonstrate an integration of conservation and livelihood objectives when managed as a social-ecological system. While numerous marine no-take reserves have been found effective for the recovery of fisheries, few well-documented examples exist in the freshwater realm. Research gaps also remain in the role of co-management in balancing various management objectives and resolving conflicts. This paper offers critical reflection on adaptive co-management of fish conservation zones (FCZs) in the Mekong River in Cambodia and its social-ecological outcomes as perceived by local stakeholders. The management approach was found generally effective for the local stakeholders to negotiate between conservation and livelihood objectives at key stages of the implementation, and resolve conflicts; however, the lessons learned were not uniform across all sites. The degree of difficulty in conflict resolution was mainly a function of the fishing dependency of local communities on the protected site, the prevalence of severe poverty in adjacent villages, and the availability of livelihood options other than fishing. Growing stakeholder perception over time, of the FCZs as yielding positive outcomes—for both conservation and livelihood—motivated the local communities to create more FCZs. We argue clear recognition by local stakeholders of the achievements and the fairness in the FCZ management, facilitated through participatory approaches, can improve their acceptance of conservation rules and enhance their effectiveness. However, long-term mechanisms to support these community initiatives technically and financially are needed. Simple yet scientifically robust approaches for tropical freshwater fisheries monitoring, including periodical assessments of indicator species, are also needed to facilitate performance evaluation of specific management measures locally.

Tilapia health: quo vadis?

Tilapia health: <i>quo vadis</i>?

Inland capture fisheries, dam reservoirs, and protected areas for wildlife conservation in India: conflicts and ways forward

Inland capture fisheries, dam reservoirs, and protected areas for wildlife conservation in India: conflicts and ways forward

Exploring vulnerabilities of inland fisheries in Indian context with special reference to climate change and their mitigation and adaptation: a review.

Tropical inland capture fisheries are susceptible to a series of vulnerabilities such as habitat destruction, biodiversity loss, pollution, overfishing, invasive species and anthropogenic climate change. A comprehensive review of the impact of climatic uncertainties on Indian inland fisheries has not been adequately attempted yet. Recent approaches emphasizing ecosystem-based management in a regional context, specific to inland fisheries for combating climatic changes, have not been reported to date. The paper presents a critical bibliometric review of the climatic vulnerabilities faced by Indian inland fishery resources and various adaptive and mitigation strategies put forward by the country for the sustainability of the resources. In this communication, a systematic review of the impact of climate change and other stressors on various inland ecosystems of the subcontinent and the ecosystem-based management strategies adopted in India is presented and discussed.

Current status and chronological development of fisheries and aquaculture in Bangladesh

While many parts of the world face water scarcity, Bangladesh is fortunate to have an abundance of the resource. The economic health of the country depends heavily on the fishing industry. Both capture fisheries and culture fisheries are common types of fisheries. Unlike culture fisheries, which is farming aquatic organisms in closed waters under controlled conditions, capture fisheries typically means harvesting fish and other aquatic organisms from open waters. This article examines Bangladesh's fisheries and aquaculture sectors using data from the Bangladesh Department of Fisheries and a few other relevant organizations and articles. Bangladesh is one of the world's major fish producers, with a total output of 4.62 million metric tons (MT) in the fiscal year 2020-2021. The majority (57.10%) of the country's fish and shrimp come from aquaculture, while 28.16 and 14.74 percent come from inland capture and marine capture, respectively. Bangladesh ranks only fifth in aquaculture production and third in inland open-water capture production whereas it stands first in hilsa production in the world. One of the most productive fish species is the major carp. There has been a modest increase in the country's inland aquaculture output over the past few decades, but the country also gets fish from inland capture and marine fisheries. The most recent ten years have seen significant contributions to inland capture fisheries and inland aquaculture from floodplains and ponds, respectively. The most common fisheries exports are frozen raw shrimp in blocks, individually quick frozen (IQF) shrimp and white fish, chilled and frozen Hilsa, crab, etc. In 2020-21, the country has earned BDT 4088.96 crore, or 1.24% of total export revenues, from exporting 76.59 metric tons of fish, shrimp, and other fishery products. However, over the past decade, the value of exported fish and fishery products has shown a nearly erratic trend. In contrast, annual production of the national fish hilsa has increased on a rising trend over the past decade. The number of carp seeds produced from both natural and artificial sources has followed an erratic increasing trend with some deviations during the past decennium. As the country's fisheries and aquaculture industries continue to grow, many cutting-edge technologies are making significant contributions that are helping to improve the quality of life for all involved. This has helped Bangladesh's economy expand over the past decade, particularly in fishing and aquaculture sectors.

Assessment of data‐limited fisheries: A case study of three finfish species in Chilika lagoon, India

AbstractInland capture fisheries in many parts of the world, especially in developing nations, receive relatively low governance priority, thereby raising concerns about their sustainability. Consequently, most inland capture fisheries are data‐limited, which renders conventional capture fisheries assessment methods inapplicable for making science‐based monitoring and management decisions. Three recent data‐limited approaches for marine fish stock assessments using length frequency and catch data (Length‐Based Indicators [LBI], Growth‐Type Groups Length‐Based Spawning Potential Ratio [GTG‐LBSPR] and Catch Maximum Sustainable Yield [CMSY]), were explored for applicability to assess stock status of three commercially exploited finfish species, Daysciaena albida, Eleutheronema tetradactylum and Mugil cephalus, in Chilika lagoon, an inland water body along the east coast of India. The LBI and GTG‐LBSPR approaches are based on catch length‐frequency data, while the CMSY is based on catch‐only data. The LBI provided insight into current exploitation status of the three species in relation to sustainable fishing, the GTG‐LBSPR provided reference points (RP) for the unfished portion of spawning biomass and relative yield in relation to selectivity, and the CMSY provided RPs for MSY, biomass and fishing pressure that yield MSY, to assess stock status and fishery management decisions. All three approaches suggested that the three species were overfished in terms of catch length and quantity, which agreed with expert knowledge of the fishery in the lagoon. All three approaches can support management and policy decisions in inland fisheries and fishery management recommendations. Future research should explore and standardise such approaches to overcome data limitations in assessing and managing inland capture fisheries.

Factors influencing the financial and relational governance in Bangladesh's inland fishing industry: An empirical study

Despite significant growth, the fisheries supply chain is complicated due to various types of stakeholders performing multiple tasks, which may have an impact on the governance structure. The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive understanding of the factors affecting financial and relational governance in Bangladesh's inland fishing industry. A total of 779 stakeholders from 11 districts were chosen randomly and interviewed directly using a structured interview schedule covering 46 fish markets. In order to achieve the objectives, we used a PLS-SEM model in conjunction with a Perception Index. The Perception Index revealed that the status of local power and accountability in the fisheries supply chain was low. The overall state of financial governance was at an intermediate level, with relational governance in good shape. PLS-SEM found a negative and significant effect for collective power and local power on financial and relational governance, whereas institutional power, accountability, rule of law, and transparency had a positive impact. Since, the power dynamics, accountability, rule of law, and transparency has substantial implications on financial and relational governance; the study suggests planning and implementing the results to achieve long-term sustainability of inland capture and aquaculture industries in Bangladesh.

Does fishing venture matter for reducing post-harvest loss? Empirical evidence from Bangladesh

The study was conducted to estimate the post-harvest loss (PHL) of inland capture fisheries in Bangladesh based on the fishing venture i.e., sole proprietorship, partnership and cooperatives using Questionnaire Loss Assessment Method (QLAM). A total of 1339 fishermen were selected using stratified random sampling where 792, 485, and 62 were involved in the sole proprietorship, partnership, and cooperatives types of fishing venture respectively. The data were collected from thirty-nine districts across six divisions through the direct interview method covering 92 fish species. The results indicated that Ashar (June–July) to Agrahayon (November–December) was the peak fishing period for every fishing venture. The study revealed that the high volumes of fishes were caught from haor for partnership and cooperatives while river was for sole proprietorship. The study accounted lower PHL for cooperatives than that of sole proprietorship and partnership and found significance differences among them from Tukey's pairwise test. The estimated PHL was higher for Puti (Puntius chola) in sole proprietorship and partnership whereas Tengra (Gagata cenia) in cooperatives venture. The study suggests to expand the cooperatives fishing ventures widely in Bangladesh where the predominant factors (i.e., longer harvesting duration, delaying in marketing the fishes and temperature, excess supply, and etc.) of causing PHL in this venture should be taken under consideration.

Transcriptome Analysis to Study the Molecular Response in the Gill and Hepatopancreas Tissues of Macrobrachium nipponense to Salinity Acclimation.

Macrobrachium nipponense is an economically important prawn species and common in Chinese inland capture fisheries. During aquaculture, M. nipponense can survive under freshwater and low salinity conditions. The molecular mechanism underlying the response to salinity acclimation remains unclear in this species; thus, in this study, we used the Illumina RNA sequencing platform for transcriptome analyses of the gill and hepatopancreas tissues of M. nipponense exposed to salinity stress [0.4‰ (S0, control group), 6‰ (S6, low salinity group), and 12‰ (S12, high salinity group)]. Differentially expressed genes were identified, and several important salinity adaptation-related terms and signaling pathways were found to be enriched, such as “ion transport,” “oxidative phosphorylation,” and “glycometabolism.” Quantitative real-time PCR demonstrated the participation of 12 key genes in osmotic pressure regulation in M. nipponense under acute salinity stress. Further, the role of carbonic anhydrase in response to salinity acclimation was investigated by subjecting the gill tissues of M. nipponense to in situ hybridization. Collectively, the results reported herein enhance our understanding of the mechanisms via which M. nipponense adapts to changes in salinity.

Indonesian freshwater fisheries’ oil for health and nutrition applications: a narrative review

The consumption and production of freshwater fish in Indonesia have recently increased significantly, especially in the food sector. This is for health purposes due to the dietary content, including freshwater fish protein. Fish is not only a source of protein but also a considerable supply of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and is essential. Using fish oils has caught a growing interest due to an increased understanding of the possible health benefits of omega-3 fatty acids in humans. This review provided thoughts on progress in the research of Indonesia’s freshwater fisheries’ oil potential. Here, fish oil's potential was addressed through its outstanding biochemical features and its potential as an antiinflammatory, cardiovascular, cancer, and autoimmune disorder agent. Generally, nutritional properties, their possible application in food production, and therapeutic and socioeconomic significance are considered. Indonesian freshwater aquaculture fisheries and inland capture fisheries have the potential for refined fish oil production. The top freshwater fisheries include aquaculture (Oreochromis niloticus, Clarias, Cyprinus carpio, Pangasius, and Osphronemus goramy) and inland capture fisheries (Channa striata, Oreochromis niloticus, Trichogaster, Hemibagrus capitulum, and Pangasius). Indonesian fish oil is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, especially eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, and can potentially be developed into drugs and food supplements

Challenge of Aquaculture in Bangladesh during CORONA 19

Data and information sources are used from the direct interview with individual, publication of the Department of Fisheries (DoF), internet and related non-published grey literature. The country has an inland water area of about 4.72mill.ha and about 710km long coastal belt. Fisheries sector contributes 3.57% to the national GDP, 25.30% to the agricultural GDP and more than 2.0% to the total export earnings. The target of fish production was crossed by producing 4.28 mill.mt fish in 2017-2018, whereas in 2017-18, inland culture fisheries contribute 56.0% to total fish production. This sector has been contributing about 60% animal protein in daily dietary requirement comes from fish, which is significant in food security through proving safe and quality animal protein. About 162.18 million (11%) people more than of total population are engaged with this sector on full and part time basis for their livelihoods. Bangladesh is blessed with an enriched aquatic diversity, comprising almost 260 freshwater fish species and 740 marine water fish species with other aquatic lives. But due to COVID 19 decline and degradation of wetland resources, the stock of inland capture fisheries has been reduced remarkably. In recent years, the fisheries sector is faced with challenges posed by numerous natural and anthropogenic causes such as climate change, natural disaster, environmental pollution, industrialization, overfishing, using destructive fishing gears, pesticide and agrochemicals and COVID 19. Very recently some important national program and biological management technology is developed for hilsha production, fish production and open water management to restrict the declination of resources and enhance production. But about 11% people are going to be jobless and maximum worker are workless in the country by affecting of COVID 19. The effect of COVID 19 is posing significant threat to the production, income, food security and livelihood of the population.

Factors Affecting Fishers’ Attitude and Willingness to use Cage Aquaculture as an Alternative Livelihood for Reducing Fishing Pressure in Haor Areas, Bangladesh

Inland capture fisheries are providing cost of livings of about 1.2 million BDT in Bangladesh. However, overexploitation causes the declination of the abundance of native fish species which adversely affects the livelihoods of haor dwellers. The present study was conducted in two haor villages (Sutarpara and Changnoagaon) of Kishoreganj, Bangladesh to explore the factors (economic and non-economic) affecting fishers’ attitude and willingness about cage aquaculture considered as livelihood alternative for reducing fishing pressure. The methodologies applied to do this study were semi-structured face-to-face interview, key informants and questionnaire survey using Likert scale (LS), focus group discussions (FGD). The result revealed that willingness to switch from traditional way of fishing to cage aquaculture activities was significantly (p&lt;0.05) higher in those fishers’ groups that had more inclination in fishing activities. Simultaneously, non-economic factors like powerful traders and fishers, traditional belief, taking risk, launching period of cage aquaculture venture and investment duration played vital role in decisions on whether to fish or not. The economic factors were fewer in number than non-economic factors. This comparative research is significantly important for future social aquaculture researchers as well as the country policy makers for giving emphasis to gather data based on the prevailing economic and non-economic factors to innovate alternative livelihood activity concurrently.

Nature, extent, and causes of post-harvest losses at fisher and farmer level: An in-depth study

Post-harvest loss (PHL) in fisheries and aquaculture is critical because of its impact on welfare and economic growth. However, precise estimations of PHL are more challenging in developing countries, mainly due to poor data as well as unorganized landing points and markets. This study estimated PHL at the fisher and farmer level, applying the questionnaire loss assessment method (QLAM) and drawing from random interviews with 2582 fisherfolk, covering 446 markets and 202 inland capture and aquaculture fish species in Bangladesh. The estimated post-harvest loss in quantity and monetary value was 20.83 kg/ton (i.e., 2.08%) and $82.45 per ton in inland capture and 6.84 kg/ton (i.e., 0.68%) and $20.90 per ton in inland aquaculture. Thus, the country is losing about $102 million (25,740 tons) from inland capture at the fisher level and $52 million (17,022 tons) from aquaculture at the farmer level. Market loss was higher than physical loss for both inland capture and aquaculture. River fish and pond fish experienced higher losses as inland capture and aquaculture species respectively. However, estimated post-harvest losses were higher for hilsha (Tenualosa ilisha) and puti (Puntius chola) in inland capture and for rui (Labeo rohita) and mrigel (Cirrhinus cirrhosus) in inland aquaculture. Delayed selling, high temperature, and excess supply were critical causes of physical and market losses for both inland capture and aquaculture. Adoption of modern harvesting technologies and the improvement of storage capacity at landing and selling points are recommended for reducing post-harvest loss of inland capture and aquaculture species.

Capture Fishery Resources of Citanduy River, West Java

Citanduy river is one of the priority watersheds in West Java. Information on capture fisheries resources in Citanduy, however, river is limited. The aim of this study was to assess the information of capture fisheries resources in that river. The method used in this study was a survey method, by collecting data in the field, and then analyzed it in the laboratory. This research was conducted in 2018. Samples of fish were collected through the active participation of fishers with various types of fishing gear. The identification of fish and fishing gear used some references. Some fish caught were preserved in formalin solution and identified. The dominant catch in Citanduy River is Mystacoleucus marginatus and Cyprinus carpio. Other economic fishes catch in Citanduy river are Oreochromis niloticus, Osteochilus vittatus, O. mossambicus, Trichogaster trichopterus, Hemibragus nemurus, Hampala macrolepidota, Channa striata, Moolgarda seheli, and Glossogobius giurus. The fishing gears used by fishers are hooks and lines, cast nets, scope nets, traps, and gill nets. The inland capture fishery in Citanduy river is still a secondary sector for the interests of local government.The current condition of capture fisheries in Citanduy is not the main livelihood for fishers. The inland capture fisheries in Citanduy is still using a simple fishing gear and do not have more complex tools. Citanduy river has potential source of economic and protein food, particularly for local community. Regarding in these potential, management of environment could be the major domains in fisheries management. The policy of local government in handling non-selective fishing gear and restocking activity could be maintain the sustainable fish resources in Citanduy river.

Assessing the Potential for Sustainable Aquaculture Development in Cambodia

Inland capture fisheries are central to livelihoods and food security in Cambodia, but are under threat from growing anthropogenic pressures. Policy discourse in Cambodia increasingly frames aquaculture as a viable alternative to capture fisheries, and seeks to promote its development. This paper presents results from the first comprehensive survey of Cambodia's aquaculture value chain. The study combines qualitative (46 Key Informant Interviews) and quantitative surveys (1,204 farmers and 191 other aquaculture value chain actors) to investigate potential for aquaculture in Cambodia to grow, support livelihoods, and contribute to food security. We found the following: (i) The fish farm sector in Cambodia is comprised mainly of small family farms raising carnivorous fish species or pangasius, using direct inputs of “trash fish” harvested from the wild; (ii) Most fish seed and pelleted feed are imported, and domestic producers of these inputs struggle to compete; (iii) Fish farmed in Cambodia is mostly sold live. Farm fish are more expensive than the main species harvested from inland capture fisheries, and struggle to compete with imported farmed fish; (iv) Capture fisheries employ many times more people than aquaculture; (v) Space for aquaculture is limited because few locations have both perennial access to water and protection from flooding. These findings raise questions about the potential of Cambodia's aquaculture sector, as currently organized, to contribute significantly to employment, food and nutrition security, and rural economic development. We propose actions to improve the sector's sustainability and contribute to desirable development outcomes.

DIVERSITY AND FISHERY OF SELF RECRUITING SPECIES IN ANDAMAN ISLANDS

Exploratory surveys were conducted in inland aquatic systems in South Andaman for documenting the distribution and abundance of self recruiting species (SRS). Rice fields, derelict ponds, farmer ponds, subducted area post-tsunami with brackish water were surveyed from lowland and upland areas of South Andaman. Oreochromis mossambicus, Clarias batrachus, Heteropneustes fossilis and Macrobrachium lar were the prominent SRS in ponds and rice fields, while estuarine fishes like Lates calcarifer, Perna viridis, Liza parsia and Penaeus monodon were predominant estuarine catches from open waters. The catch per unit effort of open waters varied from 21.5 to 27 kg/fisher/week whereas at the level of a subsistence fishery the catch was 0.8 to 1.06kg/fisher/week. The major gears used by the inland fishers were cast net, gill nets, traps and line fishing. Key words: Aquatic systems, inland capture, livelihood, subsistence fisheries.