Ink Formula Research Articles

Novel-Ink-Based Direct Ink Writing of Ti6Al4V Scaffolds with Sub-300µm Structural Pores for Superior Cell Proliferation and Differentiation.

Ti6Al4V scaffolds with pore sizes between 300 and 600µm are deemed suitable for bone tissue engineering. However, a significant proportion of human bone pores are smaller than 300µm, playing a crucial role in cell proliferation, differentiation, and bone regeneration. Ti6Al4V scaffolds with these small-sized pores are not successfully fabricated, and their cytocompatibility remains unknown. The study presentsa novel ink formula specifically tailored for fabricating Ti6Al4V scaffolds featuring precise and unobstructed sub-300µm structural pores, achieved by investigating the rheological properties and printability of five inks containing 60-77.5vol% Ti6Al4V powders and bisolvent binders. Ti6Al4V scaffolds with 50-600µm pores are fabricated via direct ink writing and subjected to in vitro assays withMC3T3-E1 and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The 100µm pore-sized scaffolds exhibit the highest cell adhesion and proliferation capacity based on live/dead assay, FITC-phalloidin/4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining, and cell count kit 8 assay. The alizarin red staining, real-time quantitative PCR assay, and immunocytochemical staining demonstrate the superior osteogenic differentiation potential of 100 and 200µm pore-sized scaffolds. The importance of sub-300µm structrual pores is highlighted, redefining the optimal pore size for Ti6Al4V scaffolds and advancing bone tissue engineering and clinical medicine development.

Large-scale efficient mid-wave infrared optoelectronics based on black phosphorus ink

The mid-wave infrared (MWIR), ranging from 2 to 5 micrometers, is of substantial interest for chemical sensing, imaging, and spectroscopy. Black phosphorus (bP)–based MWIR light emitters and detectors have been shown to outperform the state-of-the-art for commercial devices due to the low Auger recombination coefficient of bP. However, the scalability of these devices remains a challenge. Here, we report a bP ink formula that preserves the exceptional MWIR optoelectronic properties of bP to deposit centimeter-scale, uniform, and pinhole free films with a photoluminescence quantum yield higher than competing III-V and II-VI semiconductors with similar bandgaps at high excitation regime. As a proof of concept, we use bP ink as a “phosphor” on a red commercial light-emitting diode to demonstrate bright MWIR light emission. We also show that these films can be integrated into heterostructure device architectures with electron and hole selective contacts for direct-injected light emission and detection in MWIR.

Design of PVA/PF/CL-20 explosive ink with small critical size and research on micro-sized detonation performance

ABSTRACT Using 3D direct writing technology, a small critical size explosive ink formula was designed using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) aqueous solution and phenolic resin (PF) ethanol solution as a two-component bonding system, and CL-20 as the main explosive. In particular, we investigated the influence of the CL-20 solid content on the micro-size detonation performance. Preliminary research shows that when the content of the main explosive in the explosive ink is less than 92%, the detonation velocity increases with the increase of the content, and the detonation critical size decreases with the increase of the content. The micromorphology, molding density, explosive crystal form, mechanical sensitivity, thermal stability and detonation corner of the molded samples were tested and characterized. The results show that the internal particle distribution of the printed molded sample is uniform, without cracks and fractures, the crystal form remains ε-type, the mechanical sensitivity and thermal stability are reduced, and the detonation velocity after molding with 92% explosive ink reaches 7281m·s-1, which is critical The detonation size is 1×0.027mm, and the detonation angle can reach up to 160°, showing excellent micro-size detonation performance.

A facile and universally applicable additive strategy for fabrication of high-quality copper patterns based on a homogeneous Ag catalyst ink

Additive strategy has beenregardedas a promising approach for fabricating electronic copper patterns, since it has predominance over traditional lithography technology (subtractive strategy) in process simplicity, material economizing, and environmental protection. At present, the key challenge for additive strategy is how to precisely fabricate high-quality copper patterns adhering tightly to substrates, by facile and universally applicable process. Here a novel additive copper patterning process is explored by adopting a homogeneous Ag-based catalyst ink. The catalyst ink can be facilely patterned and tightly attached on various substrates by different patterning techniques, without any pre- and post-treatment procedures. In the catalyst ink formula, epoxy matrix contributes high adhesiveness and fixes ink form, valen Schiff base acts as a medium anchoring Ag catalyst, ethanol serves as both reductant and diluent, and polyethylene glycol improves hydrophility. The copper coating, forming on the catalyst layer by further electroless copper deposition process, exhibits compact structure and high electrical conductivity comparable to bulk copper. Moreover, the copper coating can be partially inserted into substrate body by porous surface design for substrates, thus achieving strong adhesion and high flexibility. This research contributes to the progress of next-generation copper patterning techniques.

Matched printed carbon nanotube complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) devices for flexible circuits

The development of matched carbon nanotube (CNT) complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) devices still remains a challenge for flexible and low-power-dissipation circuits. In this study, we found a reliable technique to achieve matched CNT CMOS thin-film transistors (TFTs) for integrated circuits (IC) with low power consumption. The enhancement-mode p-type CNT TFTs were obtained using the low-work-function Al gate electrodes and ultrathin (10 nm) Al2O3 dielectrics, which exhibit the average field-effect mobility(μ) of 6.5 cm2V−1s−1, subthreshold swing (SS) down to 70–85 mV/dec and on/off ratio up to 106 at the low working voltages between −1.5 V and 0.5 V, as well the outstanding stability and mechanical flexibility after 10,000 cycles of bending. Then, by adjusting the aspect ratios of the TFT channels and selectively dropping the electron-doping inks into p-type CNT TFTs’ channels, matched n-type and p-type CNT TFTs were obtained. Finally, flexible printed CMOS inverters with high noise tolerance (84% of 1/2 VDD), high voltage gain (over 32), and low power consumption (down to 32.9 pW) were successfully constructed, owing to the work style of CMOS circuits and electrically symmetrical n-type and p-type TFTs. Furthermore, good-performance NAND and NOR gates have been demonstrated. This work can effectively resolve the leakage current issue of flexible carbon-based electronics with the ultra-thin dielectrics by optimizing the conductive ink formula and printing technology.

Effect of 3D printing process parameters on the mechanical properties of silica/polyethyleneimine composites using direct‐ink writing

AbstractDirect‐ink writing (DIW) 3D printing technology has the advantages of simple process and high efficiency, and enables the molding of materials at room temperature. These characteristics make DIW technology widely applicable in the field of monolithic molding. In this study, a composite slurry of SiO2 and polyethyleneimine (PEI) was molded using direct‐ink writing 3D printing technology. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x‐ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric were used to analyze the structure and thermal characteristics of the composites. Additionally, the study investigated the extrusion flow under different pressures and the impact of ink formula on their rheological behavior and printability, along with an examination of the effects of printing parameters on the mechanical properties of the monolithic structures. The results indicate that the tensile strength of the dumbbell‐shaped specimen increases with greater sample density and reduced nozzle diameter. At a filling angle of ±45°, the void rate is minimal, and the tensile strength reaches a maximum of 1.73 MPa. The tensile strength is maximum when the nozzle diameter is 0.8 mm. On the other hand, the compressive strength of the specimen is directly proportional to the layer thickness – it increases upon reducing the layer thickness. When the layer thickness is 0.3 mm, the compressive strength reaches 0.13 MPa. This study provides insights into direct‐ink writing 3D printing technology and its relationship with the mechanical properties of SiO2/PEI composites monolithic structures.Highlights Self‐standing fumed silica/polyethyleneimine (PEI) composite monoliths were shaped by Direct Ink Writing (DIW) technology. The impact of composite slurry composition on their rheological behavior and printability was examined. Printing parameters effects on mechanical properties of monolithic structures assessed. Significant insights into the relationship between extrusion pressure and forming structure of the composite monoliths are revealed by our research, thereby contributing to the optimization of printing processes.

Intense green upconversion in core-shell structured NaYF4:Er,Yb@SiO2 microparticles for anti-counterfeiting printing

Rare-earth-doped NaYF4 nanoparticles are considered crucial upconversion luminescent materials with many applications, including anti-counterfeiting printing, biological imaging, and optical information storage. This work presents progress in obtaining hydrophilic pigments based on NaYF4:Er,Yb@SiO2 nanoparticles, and their utilization in water-based ink printing for anti-counterfeiting applications. Coating NaYF4:Yb/Er microparticles with SiO2 shells can provide several benefits for printing purposes, such as improved stability, dispersion, and ease of printing. The hydrophilic core-shell structured β-NaYF4:Er, Yb@SiO2 microparticles were successfully prepared using the hydrothermal synthesis and sol-gel Stober method. The obtained microparticles were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Such characterizations confirm that the Er3+ and Yb3+ ions are incorporated in NaYF4 cores, the NaYF4:Er, Yb cores are in hundreds of nanometer sizes, and the NaYF4:Er, Yb microparticles are coated by a silica layer of 50 nm thick. Both NaYF4:Er, Yb and NaYF4:Er, Yb@SiO2 behave as up-conversion luminescent microparticles for both green and red emissions. The CIE chromaticity coordinates indicate that both the nanoparticles have their greenish color under excitation at 980 nm. Although decorating the NaYF4:Er, Yb nanoparticles with the SiO2 shell decreases luminescent intensity (by a factor of 2), this step is still necessary to achieve hydrophilic surfaces for preparing water-based printing inks. Using the synthesized NaYF4:Er, Yb@SiO2 as a pigment, a new water-based ink formula was created based on Polyamide as a polymer matrix. The obtained ink is printable on paper and on transparent and flexible Polyethylene substrate. The printed patterns with a height of 2 cm and a width of 2.5 cm were observed clearly under the irradiation of a 980 nm LED. Their durability in terms of sharpness and color was also assessed after six months.

Investigation of Reactive Silver Ink Formula for Reduced Silver Consumption in Silicon Heterojunction Metallization

Silver is the most expensive non-silicon component in photovoltaic cells. This is particularly salient for silicon heterojunction (SHJ) cells, which rely on large quantities of low-temperature silver pastes (LT-SP). SHJ cells would benefit greatly from an industrially scalable metallization process that simultaneously offers low silver consumption, low finger resistivities (<20 μΩ·cm), and low processing temperatures. Printed reactive silver inks (RSI) are an innovative candidate to this end. This work furthers the research on RSI metallization by investigating the impact of ink formula on properties pertinent to SHJ cells, including electrical properties, line width, ink splatter, silver consumption, cell performance, and adhesion. We introduce a scalable, high-throughput flexible needle contact printing approach for metallization that solves many of the issues associated with drop-on-demand printing. The printed silver fingers are characterized using electrical measurements and top-down and cross-sectional microscopy. The best performing ink, consisting of silver acetate, ethylamine, and formic acid, achieved silver fingers with total resistivities of 3.1 μΩ·cm and contact resistivities of 3.2 mΩ·cm2 when printed at 61 °C. This ink metallized a full-sized 156 mm × 156 mm SHJ cell. This is the first reported data for RSI metallization of a full-sized SHJ cell and shows how an optimized RSI can achieve similar performances to LT-SP while consuming 80–90% less silver.

New thiadiazol azo disperse dyes derivatives and their application as a colored material for silk screen-printing ink for printing on polyester fabric

PurposeThis paper aims to synthesize new screen-printing ink formula based on new derivatives of azo thiadiazol disperse dyes and evaluate their characteristics after being printed on polyester fabric substrates.Design/methodology/approachNew dispersed dyes based on 1, 3, 4-Thiadiazole derivatives (dyes 1 and 2) were prepared and confirmed by different analyses, infrared (IR), mass and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and then formulated as colored materials in the screen-printing ink formulations. Printing pastes containing the prepared dyestuffs and other ingredients were used for printing polyester using screen-printing or traditional printing. The characteristics of printed polyester fabric substrates were measured by color measurements such as a*, b*, L*, C*, E, Ho, R% and color strength, as well as light, washing, crock and alkali perspiration fastness, and finally, the depth of penetration was evaluated.FindingsThe prepared 1, 3, 4-Thiadiazole derivatives (dyes 1 and 2) were obtained from the reaction of 5,5’-(1,4-phenylene)bis(1,3,4-Thiadiazole-2-amine) with resorcinol and m-toluidine as a coupling component. The suitability of the prepared dyestuffs for silk screen-printing on polyester fabrics has been investigated. The prints obtained from a formulation containing dye 1 possess high color strength as well as good overall fastness properties if compared to those obtained using dye 2.Practical implicationsThe method of synthesis of the new dyestuffs and screen-printing ink provides a simple and practical solution to prepare some new heterocyclic disperse azo dyes, and they are formulated in the screen-printing inks for printing on a polyester fabric substrate.Originality/valueThe prepared disperse dyes based on 1,3,4-Thiadiazole derivatives (dyes 1 and 2) could be used in textile printing of polyester on an industrial scale.

Juglans: Tannin Ink and Magic Formula for Hair Dyeing

Juglans: Tannin Ink and Magic Formula for Hair Dyeing

Physically unclonable security patterns created by electrospinning, and authenticated by two-step validation method

Counterfeiting is a growing economic and social problem. For anticounterfeiting, random and inimitable droplet/fiber patterns were created by the electrospinning method as security tags that are detectable under UV light but invisible in daylight. To check the authenticity of the original security patterns created; images were collected with a simple smartphone microscope and a database of the recorded original patterns was created. The originality of the random patterns was checked by comparing them with the patterns recorded in the database. In addition, the spectral signature of the patterns in the droplet/fiber network was obtained with a simple and hand-held spectrometer. Thus, by reading the spectral signature from the pattern, the spectral information of the photoluminescent nanoparticles was verified and thus a second-step verification was established. In this way, anticounterfeiting technology that combines ink formula, unclonable security pattern creation and two-level verification is developed.

3D printing of an anode scaffold for lithium batteries guided by mixture design-based sequential learning

The application of safe, high energy-density solid-state lithium (Li) metal batteries is hindered by dendrite growth, poor interfacial contact, and side reactions between the Li metal and the solid-state ceramic electrolyte. The use of a three-dimensional (3D) porous copper (Cu) scaffold has shown to be an effective solution to enabling a Li metal anode. However, it is difficult to fabricate such 3D structures rapidly and controllably. Herein, a 3D printing approach has been developed to fabricate a 3D anode structure with controlled dimension, geometry, and chemical composition. In addition, mixture design-based sequential learning is used to guide design and optimization of the printing ink formula as well as the rheological and operating parameters of the 3D printing process. Inks are patterned directly onto the NASICON-type Li1+xAlx3+M2−x4+(PO4)3 (LATP) electrolyte, yielding scaffolds with a range of pore sizes. The printed scaffolds and the electrode-electrolyte interface are characterized using symmetric cell cycling, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The characterization results show that the 3D printed structure benefits both interfacial stability and the suppression of lithium dendrite growth. The Li|[email protected]@Cu|Li symmetrical cell with a 3D printed Cu scaffold exhibits a polarization voltage of 60 mV at a current density of 0.05 mA/cm2. This work shows that machine learning based on experimental design and statistical analysis leads to reduced experimental effort in optimizing the 3D printing process.

Effect of Ni-Cr-Fe powder formulation on performance of porous materials based on Ink-jet Printing technology

Ni-Cr-Fe porous material has the advantages of high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and good permeability. It has good application prospect and development value as filtration, sound absorption, energy absorption and biological functional materials. In this paper, Ni-Cr-Fe as the main raw material, and PVP, carbon powder, starch as additives, using In-kjet printing molding process, the proportion of raw materials and additives as different levels of orthogonal experiment, the optimal formula was studied. The optimum combination of parameters was obtained by means of open porosity test, hardness test, compression test and comprehensive factor balance analysis. The results showed that the ratio of Ni-Cr-Fe was 20:50:30, carbon powder was 3%, PVP was 15%, and starch was 0.8%. The technological process of preparing Ni-Cr-Fe porous materials by Ink-jet printing technology is discussed in detail, and the adhesive formula and ink formula suitable for Ni-Cr-Fe powder material are provided, which provides practical proof for the indirect pore forming theory of binder.

Photochromic and fluorescent ink using photoluminescent strontium aluminate pigment and screen printing towards anticounterfeiting documents.

Novel inorganic-organic hybrid photochromic and fluorescent ink for anticounterfeiting documents was developed using a pigment/resin ink formula enclosing a long-lived luminescent inorganic pigment with good thermal photostability. The produced ink exhibited an optimal excitation wavelength at 360 nm with an absorption colour and fluorescence changes in the printed document. To develop a transparent printed film from pigment/resin ink, the phosphorescent pigment has to be well dispersed physically without agglomeration. The pigment/resin hybrid was applied effectively onto commercial cellulose paper sheets using screen-printing technology. An homogeneous photochromic layer was deposited on cellulose paper document surface to afford a considerable greenish-yellow colour as demonstrated by CIE coloration measurements under a UV lamp, even at a pigment concentration as low as 0.1 wt% of the ink formulation. The printed paper sheets exhibited three excitation bands at 235, 274 and 378 nm and three emission bands at 416, 418 and 436 nm. Fluorescence optical microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry of the printed paper sheet were explored. The screen-printed paper sheets displayed a reversible and fast photochromism during ultraviolet irradiation without fatigue. The rheological properties, stability, and printability of the ink were studied.

Inkjet‐Printed Compact TiO2 Electron Transport Layer for Perovskite Solar Cells

Drop‐on‐demand inkjet printing is an easily upscalable, rapid, and digital deposition technique that allows thin film formation with a high material utilization rate as ideally needed for solar cell production. Herein, a method is reported to prepare inkjet‐printed compact TiO2 thin films that are further assessed as an electron transport layer (ETL) for perovskite solar cells and compared to reference dip‐coated TiO2 layers. Through ink formula engineering and adjustment of the printing parameters, reliable process control is achieved, leading to a homogeneous TiO2 coating of the fluorine‐doped tin oxide substrate. Perovskite solar cells with an inkjet‐printed TiO2 ETL yields efficiencies of up to 13.7%, outperforming the efficiency and the process repeatability of devices prepared with the dip‐coated TiO2 reference. Together with other recent contributions on inkjet‐printed perovskite solar cells, this work contributes to highlight the processability of thin film solar cells using digital inkjet printing for next‐generation photovoltaic applications.

Transparent, flexible and recyclable nanopaper-based touch sensors fabricated via inkjet-printing

Using an eco-friendly PEDOT:PSS ink formula, a transparent and flexible nanopaper-based touch sensor was fabricated via inkjet-printing.

3D Printing of Micro‐Architected Al/CuO‐Based Nanothermite for Enhanced Combustion Performance

The booming development of 3D printing offers unprecedented hope for the construction of functional materials. However, it is still challenging to fabricate nano energetic materials due to the high sensitivity of energetic materials and the difficulty of high loading of materials. Recently, ink‐based direct ink writing (DIW) 3D printing process for the preparation of reactive materials has attracted worldwide attention because of the simplicity in design of micro architecture and the possibility of low‐cost manufacturing. Herein, a novel strategy for printing Al/CuO nanothermite is successfully achieved by DIW 3D printing of nanothermite inks with good rheology shear‐thinning properties using F2311 as a binder. The loading of nanothermite in this ink formula is up to 90 wt.%, and the burning rate can be as high as 352 mm s−1. This approach provides new routes for achieving the applications in micro energetic device by printing high resolution and precise patterns of nanothermite with enhanced combustion performance.

Solution-processable GO/rGO: Preparation, functionalization, self-assembly and applications in smart information devices

Graphene, as a kind of nano and mesoscopic molecule which consists of one-atom-thick planar sheet comprising sp2-bonded carbon structure with exceptionally high crystal and electronic quality, shows hierarchical different physical and chemical properties and has been emerged as a rapidly rising star in the field of material science. Graphene has caused much concern in many areas of science and technology due to its remarkable properties. These properties include extraordinary mechanic performances, high specific surface areas and electron transport capabilities. These unique physicochemical properties suggest that graphene has great potential for providing new approaches and critical improvements in the field of information devices. In recent years, many reviews focusing on graphene and related materials have been published. In addition, several reviews with particular emphasis on information devices based on graphene related materials have been reported. One specific branch of graphene research deals with graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO). GO can be considered as a precursor to graphene synthesis by either chemical or thermal/light reduction processes. GO consists of a single-layer of graphite oxide and is usually produced by the chemical treatment of graphite through oxidation, with subsequent dispersion and exfoliation in water or suitable organic solvents. With respect to its structure, there have been several structural models proposed over the years. These assume the presence of various oxygen functional groups in the GO. The oxygen functional groups have been identified as mostly in the form of hydroxyl and epoxy groups on the basal plane, with smaller amounts of carboxyl, carbonyl, phenol, lactone, and quinone at the sheet edges. The chemical reduction of graphene oxide is a promising route towards the large scale production of graphene for commercial applications. The electrical conductivity of the functionalized graphene has been observed to decrease significantly compared to pure graphene, moreover, the surface area of the functionalized graphene prepared by covalent and non-covalent techniques decreases significantly due to the destructive chemical oxidation of flake graphite followed by sonication, functionalization and chemical reduction. However, complementary to the inherent properties of graphene, functionalization or hybridization from GO and rGO can substantially improve the performance of these materials in the information devices. The functionalization of graphene can be performed by covalent and noncovalent modification techniques. In both cases, surface modification and chemical selective reduction of graphene oxide have been carried out to obtain solution-processable graphene related materials. It has been found that both the covalent and noncovalent modification techniques are very effective in the preparation of solution-processable graphene related materials. In this review, we outline the developments of GO/rGO related chemical reactions, functionalization routes and self-assembled methods in the viewpoint of hierarchical chemistry. The dispersibility and interactions of nanosheets involved in thin film technology are summarized here to better understanding the GO/rGO ink formula, film forming and nanostructure. Finally, the applications of GO/rGO related soluble processed materials in smart information devices such as information display, information storage and neuromorphic are discussed as well as the current challenges and several possible future research directions.

Enhanced pseudo-piezoelectric dynamic force sensors based on inkjet-printed electrostrictive terpolymer

Abstract Printed electromechanical devices are an alternative approach for the fabrication of integrated force sensor networks on large-area flexible polymer foils. In the present contribution, we report on a novel parallel-plates capacitive force sensor device based on an electrostrictive poly(vinylidenefluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE)) terpolymer that exhibited the best electromechanical coupling effect through the drop-on-demand (DoD) inkjet printing technology. Since the ejection of a printable ink droplet is one of the most essential steps for inkjet printing, the adaptable printing parameters depending on the ink delivery system as well as ink formula rheology were first investigated. Successfully printed patterns rely on a controlled drying process of the inks deposited on the flexible polyimide foil, which was also discussed. The substrate temperature was increased for achieving homogeneous polymer patterns. Such a printing technique eventually made it possible to obtain flawless polymer thin layers of several microns, preventing the devices from the risk of electrical failure due to short-circuiting. The capacitive devices were evaluated by proposition of a dynamic force sensor. Sensor devices based on an electrostrictive terpolymer were induced to yield significant polarization thanks to a bias voltage whereas a sensor device of poly(vinylidenefluoride-trifluoroethylene) P(VDF-TrFE) copolymer must be poled under a high electric field with a very high risk of breakdown failure. The pseudo-piezoelectric coefficient d 33 e q was a strict function of the applied electric field and reached as high as 81.6 pC N−1 under 33.33 V/ μ m . The fabrication process in the present study holds high potential in large-area printed terpolymer sensor networks without a poling process as each sensor corresponds to a pixel of the sensing array.

Sequentially Reinforced Additive Coating for Transparent and Durable Superhydrophobic Glass.

Now that there are various routes to prepare superhydrophobic surfaces for self-cleaning, anti-icing, liquid collecting, etc., attentions are moving toward low-cost upscaling of routes and increasing the reliability for actual applications. However, the required micro-nano structures for superhydrophobicity are light scattering and very vulnerable to abrasion. This intrinsically conflicts with the transparency and durability of superhydrophobic glass, which are the major barriers for its commercialization. In this study, we present a novel sequentially reinforced additive coating (SRAC) process to realize robust and transparent micro-nano structured film with tough intergranular sintering. A benign aqueous-based ink with poly(furfuryl alcohol) (PFA) and silica species is carefully designed and sprayed on glass to enable self-phase separation and morphology construction. The coatings reach the static contact angle (SCA) for water over 166° and withstand a 6H pencil scratching, the cross-cut test, and sand abrasion. Moreover, we also performed a 90 day outdoor performance test and the glass maintained superhydrophobicity with an SCA of 154°. These results provide a low-cost waterborne ink formula, and the high throughput and upscalable SRAC process could be a convenient technology for the fabrication of large area, robust superhydrophobic coatings.