Judo Injuries Research Articles

Psychological readiness is related to return to sport in judo injuries: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe aim of this study is to investigate the influence of a judoka's psychological readiness in relation to his ability to return to sport. At the present time, the relationship between physical and psychological readiness to return to sport has not been adequately elucidated.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study. An online survey was distributed via social networks and the German Judo Association collecting data from competitive and recreational judo athletes. The survey collected data on participants’ characteristics, history of injury, and psychological readiness to return to sport after injury as determined by either the Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Return to Sport after Injury Scale, the Shoulder Instability-Return to Sport after Injury Scale, or a modified version of the Return to Sport after Injury Scale depending on the respective type of injury.ResultsThe study included 383 judo athletes (272 competitive judo athletes and 112 recreational judo athletes). Regardless of injury location, athletes who achieved return to sports (M = 70.67; SD = 16.47) had higher RSI scores than athletes that did not return to sports (M = 53.88; SD = 19.12; p < 0.0001). Male athletes (M = 65.60; SD = 19.34) did show significantly higher RSI scores than female athletes (M = 60.45; SD = 19.46). The RSI score differed for different time loss categories, F(7, 375) = 11.309, p < 0.001, η2 = .174 with decreasing RSI scores for longer time loss and lowest RSI scores in athletes, who never returned to sports. RSI scores of athletes with knee injuries differed from athletes with other injury locations (10.23, 95% CI [4.08, 16.38]). After adjusting for time loss due to injury, competitive athletes had higher RSI scores than competitive athletes (F (1, 382) = 7.250, p < 0.001, partial η2 = .02). Conservatively treated athletes (M = 66.58; SD = 18.54) had higher RSI scores than surgically treated athletes (M = 59.05; SD = 20.01; p < 0.05).ConclusionBased on the data of this study, type of injury, sport level, treatment method, and gender appear to influence psychological readiness on judoka and their ability to return to sport. The multiple factors that influence a judoka and their ability to return to sport argue for individualized treatment of judoka and their psychological state after injury in the return to sport process.

Injury Symmetry in Judo

Background: Each combat sport carries different risks of injury due to the specifics of the sport (including the weight categories and sex) and the fighting techniques used according to different sports regulations. The purpose of this study is to examine injury symmetry in judo. Methods: Injuries recorded in 195 people (93 women, 102 men) suffered during top-level judo tournaments were verified. Using the European Judo Union medical questionnaire, information on injuries was obtained from each injured athlete. Results: Based on the analysis of the results, it can be concluded that injuries are almost evenly distributed on the left and right sides of the body in both men and women. In women, there were 129 injuries to the left side (41.2%), 134 injuries to the right (42.8%), and 50 (16.0%) to the middle part of the body. Conclusions: injuries in judo are evenly distributed and slightly more common on the right side. Injuries occur at a greater rate during defending maneuvers than attacking maneuvers in judo. Identification and monitoring of who (tori or uke) and which side of the body sustains an injury are crucial and important in injury prevention. This knowledge makes it possible to modify existing sports regulations by eliminating behaviors (e.g., certain types of defense) to improve the safety of athletes participating in top-level competitions and the training process in terms of ensuring safety in both attack and defense.

Video Biomechanical Analysis of Shoulder Impact Kinematics in Tai-Otoshi and Morote-Seoi-Nage Judo Throws: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Shoulder injuries in judo are common as the falling player (uke) lands. Two throws implicated in shoulder injury are tai-otoshi and morote-seoi-nage. Kinematic investigation can provide insight into possible shoulder injury mechanisms and allow for appropriate preventative measures to be suggested. We used two-dimensional (2D) video analysis to measure and compare: (a) the peak acceleration and (b) the peak velocity of uke’s shoulder when tai-otoshi and morote-seoi-nage were performed by elite adult judoka. Methods: Eight male participants were recruited from the Budokwai Judo Club in London, UK. The mean age, height, and weight of participants were 25.4 ± 5.2 years (18–34), 1.7 ± 0.0 m (1.7–1.8), and 75.0 ± 5.2 kg (66–80), respectively. Throws were recorded using an iPhone 6S camera and uploaded onto Kinovea for subsequent processing. Results: The peak acceleration (m/s2) was greater in tai-otoshi (71.6 ± 12.4) compared to morote-seoi-nage (67.9 ± 9.9), although this was statistically insignificant. The peak velocity (m/s) was significantly greater (p = 0.030) in tai-otoshi (5.1 ± 0.8) than in morote-seoi-nage (4.5 ± 0.6). Conclusions: A greater peak velocity in tai-otoshi suggests that the shoulder is subjected to increased loads upon impact. This may indicate that tai-otoshi carries a greater risk of shoulder injury. Nage-komi (repetitive throwing) practices in training should follow gradual loading principles—beginning with morote-seoi-nage, before moving to tai-otoshi, for example. We must be aware of any assumptions made in estimations of impact force, and future in vivo research is required to provide more definitive values. Meanwhile, coaches must continue to ensure that correct ukemi (breakfall) technique is displayed by athletes before performing throws.

Main causes of upper limb belt injuries in judo and sambo

Background. The mechanism of injury in judo is related to the throwing technique and wrestling. According to some studies, injuries most often concern the upper limbs, as the fight begins with putting up both judokas. The right-hand or left-hand stance is a constant in every wrestler's sporting career that expresses the individual characteristics of the lateral organization of the brain . Some of the possible causes of upper limb injuries in sambists and judokas were analyzed in this paper. An attempt was made to find a relationship between the injuries suffered and the athletes' lateral preferences. Materiał i metody. 32 sambists and judokas of various qualifications from upper limb inju­ries were examined (shoulder joint – 50%, elbow joint – 47%, both – 3%). Data was obtained on the nature of the injury, side preferences and the main technical activities of the athletes. The study did not take into account differences in sex, age and weight category. Results. All athletes reported having received either surgery (34%) or conservative (66%) treatment. According to the respondents, the main causes of injury were overtraining (31%), fatigue (28%), weakening of ligaments and / or muscles (28%), and the rude of the enemy (22%). To a lesser extent these include poor warm-up (16%), weight reduction (3%) and low logistics (6%). Conclusions. The study revealed no statistically significant relationship between the applied technique and LBP. As a consequence, athletes with right-sided posture more often sustained injuries of the right limb, and those with left-sided stance more often reported injuries of the left limb. Here, ground damage is eliminated as the lateral preference is less pronounced in this case.

Judo injuries during high-level competitions in Poland

Background: The aim of the study was to collect statistical data on injuries occurring during Polish judo competitions. Epide miological data on the prevalence and anatomical locations of injuries, type of injury, gender of the injured athletes, and causes of injury were collected. Method: Between 2009 and 2016, there were 28 top senior and junior tournaments ( Polish Cups, Polish Open Cups, Polish Championships). The students of the University School of Physical Education in Wroclaw, together with the local physician in charge, they filled in the EJU Injury Registration Form. This form registers the judoka’s sex and weight category, anatomical loca tion and the type of injury, the tissue involved, the side of the lesion, and whether the athlete is able to take part in the competition or needs hospitalization. Results: Between 2009-2016, 101 injuries occurred in 2,985 competitors during 28 top-level competitions. It means that 3.4% of all competitors needed medical assistance. Injuries of the knees (16.8%), shoulders (13.8%), and elbows (12.9%) were most common. Sprains (43.6%) were by far the most frequent type of injury, followed by contusions (22.8%). Of all competitors, 0.4% suffered injuries which needed hospitalization. No statistically significant differences in the incidence of individual types of injuries were found between male and female participants. Furthermore, significantly more elbow injuries were noted in women (p&lt;0.01). Conclusion: During the registration period an injury incidence of only 3,4% was registered. An ongoing injury registration can help prevent injuries in judo competitors.

Psychological factors associated with recovery status from sports injuries in college student athletes: from the perspective of differences in types of sports in individual sports

The purpose of this study is to clarify psychological factors related to recovery from sports injuries in judo and track and field. A questionnaire survey was conducted with male and female university judo players (n=944) and track and field athletes (n=645), who were identified using the snowball sampling. The questionnaire included the following items; the state of sports injuries, individual traits, coping resources, health related issues, stress responses and emotional supports. The questionnaire was conducted twice within a one year interval. Responses of participants with sports injuries were analyzed in the first survey (judo: n=190, track and field: n=111). Psychological factors in the recovery group and the non-recovery group were compared between the first and second survey and between groups by a two-way repeated measures ANOVA. In judo, there was a main effect between the groups of interpersonal dependency, stress responses “irritability-anger” and health management confidence (p< .05). In addition, there was an interaction effect between acquired resilience and emotional support from coaches (p< .05). In track and field, there was a main effect between the groups of stress responses “depression-anxiety” and “helplessness”, and between the time point of interpersonal dependency (p< .05). The results of this study suggested that while there were similarities in psychological factors between judo and track and field, the effects differed based on the type of sport, and that measures appropriate to the type of sport were required for psychological support when returning to the sport.

Most frequent judo injuries in the High-Performance Center of the Arica region

Most frequent judo injuries in the High-Performance Center of the Arica region

Мотивація та психоемоційний стан в змагальній діяльності дзюдоїстів-ветеранів

Purpose: to study the features of motivation and psycho-emotional state in the competitive activities of veteran judokas. Material and methods. The pedagogical research used analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature, surveys of athletes and specialists in judo, study of videos of competitive activities of highly qualified judokas and veteran judokas, methods of mathematical statistics. Results: the level of psycho-emotional sphere of athletes' personality was assessed by a modified test RB Ketella (16-FLO-105-C). The results of this testing showed that the main parameters of the psycho-emotional state in judo veterans are within normal limits. Veterans are characterized by more objective self-esteem, good intelligence, less subordination, and stable emotional stability. A questionnaire survey of veteran judokas was conducted, which revealed that 92,9 % of respondents started regular classes before the age of 15; 96,4 % interrupted active wrestling for 5-10 years; 28,6 % of veteran athletes sometimes included wrestling and its elements in their exercise. In order to determine the motives for sports activities of veteran judokas and young athletes, a modified version of the method of identifying significant factors of sports activities was used, which showed that veteran athletes and young judokas have different motivations for training. 71,4 % of judo veterans are motivated to return to sports by meeting the needs of competitive activities, getting closer to their «motor past» and maintaining good health; 21,4 % of the surveyed athletes returned for self-expression and self-affirmation, and only 7,1 % said they continued to exercise to meet their ambitions. The main motive for young athletes was the need for self-expression (46,9 %), material interest (33,9 %). Conclusions. Studies have shown little effect on the competitive outcome in veteran judo injuries and sports qualifications of athletes. Apparently, the basis of success of highly qualified judokas-veterans is high psychological readiness, strictly individual physical and technical and tactical training. Keywords: judo, psychological training, motivation, competitions, veterans, veterans' sports

Systematic development of an injury prevention programme for judo athletes: the IPPON intervention

ObjectivesTo systematically develop an injury prevention programme in judo and test its feasibility: Injury Prevention and Performance Optimization Netherlands (IPPON) intervention.MethodsWe used the five-step Knowledge Transfer Scheme (KTS) guidelines. In...

Appropriate Neck Flexion Without Head-hitting Decreases The Thrown Player’S Risk Of Brain Injury In Judo

PURPOSE: Judo is one of the worldwide sports and its competitive athletic events have been held in Olympic Games. Serious brain injuries, however, have been occasionally noted in judo practices and/or competitions. Since the patterns and severities of brain injuries largely depend on the kinematics of the thrown players, it is essential to investigate the mechanism of brain injury from the biomechanical viewpoint in popular throwing techniques. The aim of this study is to evaluate the brain injury criterion (BrIC), an indicator of brain injury, with measuring the presence or absence of head-hitting on the anthropomorphic test device (ATD) in judo throwing technique Ouchi-gari. METHODS: A male judo expert (thrower) threw an ATD for 6 times by Ouchi-gari with or without head-hitting, respectively. The ATD with a straight neck component necessarily hit the occipital region on the mat, whereas an angled component was designed for preventing the ATD’s head-hitting. A 3-axis angular rate sensor, mounted in the gravity center of the ATD’s head, assessed head axial angular velocity in each trial. To evaluate the ATD’s head impact quantitatively, we calculated the BrIC from the head axial angular velocity. High-speed digital video cameras also recorded the kinematics of the ATD’s whole body during trials. RESULTS: In all trials, the largest angular velocities were recorded in the phase of the initial head (with head-hitting) or back (without head-hitting) contacting to the mat. The peak BrIC values of ATD ranged from 0.94 to 2.27 (with head-hitting) and 0.54 to 0.91 (without head-hitting). The average BrIC value with head-hitting (1.62 ± 0.22, mean ± S.E.) trials was significantly higher than those without head-hitting (0.73 ± 0.08) trials (p<0.05). Four out of six trials with head-hitting scored BrIC values larger than 1.0, which implies the human tolerance limit for serious brain injury. However, BrIC values were less than 1.0 in all other trials without head-hitting. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that thrown player’s break-fall technique, with appropriate neck flexion to avoid head-hitting, decreases the BrIC value effectively and the risk of serious brain injuries in judo.

The prevalence of orofacial injuries in judo: A cross-sectional study.

Judo is a popular martial art with a high risk of injury. Notwithstanding this risk, mouthguards were not allowed until June 2018. The aim of this study was to measure the prevalence of traumatic injuries in judo with a particular focus on dental and lip injuries. A further aim was to assess the influences of increased overjet and wearing fixed orthodontic appliances. Judokas (n = 382) from two judo clubs in Bern, Switzerland, were interviewed with a standardized questionnaire. About two thirds had suffered at least one traumatic injury with a high number of limb injuries (n = 1054), followed by face injuries (n = 855) and spine, torso, occiput or neck injuries (n = 84). Among the face injuries, 562 lip injuries were recorded. A significantly higher number of lip injuries were found for judokas who wore fixed orthodontic appliances compared to judokas who never wore such appliances. Forty-seven dental trauma incidents during judo were recorded. During both judo and leisure time, 161 dental trauma incidents were recorded. Individuals with lip incompetence and increased overjet showed the highest number of dental injuries ( = 0.815; SD = 0.622), which differed in statistically significant ways from the number of dental injuries in individuals with lip incompetence and normal or reduced overjet ( = 0.278; SD = 0.461). For individuals with no lip incompetence, no difference between the sub-group with an increased overjet and the sub-group with a normal or reduced overjet could be found. Nobody in the study population was wearing a mouthguard, and the acceptance of mouthguards was low (9.7%). It is important to increase the awareness of the recent authorization of mouthguards and to promote their acceptance among judokas. The combination of increased overjet and lip incompetence was more relevant for the dental trauma risk than an increased overjet alone.

Applying Bayes’ Classification to Predict Conditional Probabilities of a Test Case for Specified Injuries in Biomechanical Judo Combating

Judo is technical combating game that is based on the biomechanical practices and lies in the category of most probable traumatic &amp;injurious games. Judo is all about throwing the opponent to win the bout. Uke (defender) continuouslymake efforts to defend himself from being displaced or to take advantage of Tori’s (attacker) body weight shifting by counter attacking through reversing the transferred force back to Tori with added strength and misbalanced him. As a defender, Uke try to avoid the back fall as this leads to loss of bout completely. This unusual evasion greatly invites the Judo trauma as a result of sudden twisting of Uke body in avoiding back fall. The injuries like abrasion, sprain or muscle strain are common during practices and are temporary. The major injuries like spine &amp; head injuries that can cause the paralysis or memory loss and breakage ofHumerus (upper arm of shoulder) or disjoint of tibia in knee, elbow damage can spoil the carrier of Judoka as he cannot fight back in original form after such injuries. Therefore a prudent observation of probable injuries, their classification and association with Judo techniques is quite significant. Bayes’ classification can easily predict that which class of techniques like hip techniques, hands or legs techniques, throwing techniques, joint lock techniques or the choking techniques is more prone to particular set of specified injuries while playing by males or females under 3 categories of weight say lightweight, middle weight and high weight. Such study is beneficial to Judokas and coaches to avoid possible injuries. For this purpose, the research paper apply Bayes’ theorem to classify the conditional probabilities of 3 different classes of Judo injuries C1, C2 and C3 by taking 17 different Judo techniques under different Judo techniques classes, for instance,Ashi-Waza, Te-Waza, Kansetu-Waza, Sutemi-Waza and Shime-Waza in training data to compute posteriori. The tatami (Judo Mat) quality to absorb the pressure &amp; reduce the risk of Judo traumas is also highlighted. For the further scope of the study, other behavioralaspects like attitude and beliefs that influences the Judokas performance, their learning &amp;position winning arealso reflected.

Epidemiology of Competition Injuries in Elite European Judo Athletes: A Prospective Cohort Study.

To determine the injury incidence rate (IIR) and injury pattern, and to identify risk factors for injury, among elite adult European judo athletes. Prospective cohort study. The 2015 Under 23 European Judo Championships, Bratislava, Slovakia. All registered athletes (N = 295). Sex, weight division, and fight outcome. Injury incidence rates were calculated per 1000 athlete-exposures (IIRAE) and per 1000 minutes of exposure (IIRME) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Subgroups were compared by calculating the injury incidence rate ratio (RR) with a 95% CI. The overall IIRAE and IIRME were 35.6 (95% CI, 22.8-53.0) and 10.9 (95% CI, 7.0-16.2), respectively. The most frequently injured anatomical region was the head/neck (41%), whereas the most common type of injury was contusion (33%). The risk of injury was almost 4 times greater for defeated athletes compared with winners [RRME 3.80 (95% CI, 1.47-9.82)]. Athletes in middleweight divisions had a greater risk of injury compared with their lightweight [RRME 3.58 (95% CI, 1.24-10.35)] and heavyweight [RRME 2.34 (95% CI, 0.93-5.89)] counterparts. The risk of injury for women was not significantly different from their male counterparts [RRME 1.33 (95% CI, 0.61-2.90)]. Weight division (middle) and fight outcome (losing) are significant risk factors for injury. The IIR in elite adult judo competition is lower than that in taekwondo and karate. Future research is encouraged to investigate the actual severity of judo injuries, and to investigate potentially modifiable risk factors to mitigate the risk of injury in judo.

Shoulder and elbow injuries in judo and recommended strategies for the injury prevention

Shoulder and elbow injuries in judo and recommended strategies for the injury prevention

Brazilian Jiu Jitsu, Judo, and Mixed Martial Arts Injuries Presenting to United States Emergency Departments, 2008-2015.

Limited research has systematically examined injuries resulting from Brazilian Jiu Jitsu (BJJ), Judo, and mixed martial arts (MMA), especially when compared to more well-known or -established martial arts. These three combative sports differ substantially regarding their rules and techniques. BJJ emphasizes ground positioning and submission, Judo rewards throwing an opponent on their back with submission ending the match, and MMA emphasizes knocking out or forcing the submission of one's opponent. We examined injuries, among people of any age, experienced from participation in BJJ, Judo, and MMA. We analyzed data from the United States (U.S.) Consumer Product Safety Commission National Electronic Injury Surveillance System to create estimates of injuries presenting to U.S. emergency departments (EDs). We compared injury profiles between sports, including estimated numbers of injuries, their site, type, and mechanism. Participation in BJJ, Judo, and MMA resulted in an estimated 39,181 injuries presenting to U.S. EDs from 2008 through 2015. Strains and sprains were the most common diagnoses for BJJ and Judo participants, whereas abrasions/contusions were the most commonly diagnosed MMA injury. Being struck resulted in the majority of injuries for all three sports. The head was the most injured body region for BJJ and MMA, whereas the leg was the most injured body region for Judo. Finally, the majority of BJJ and Judo injuries occurred during noncompetitive grappling, whereas most MMA injuries occurred during competition. Our study adds to the limited literature examining injuries from BJJ, Judo, and MMA using data from a probability sample and is an initial step towards understanding the national burden of injury from participation in these sports. Given the quantity and severity of injuries sustained by participants, additional research is needed to assess the riskiness of participation and the effectiveness of interventions, such as improved personal protective gear and mats, as a means to prevent commonly occurring injuries.

Analyse vidéo et traumatismes en compétition de judo de haut niveau : étude pilote

Judo is a combat sport with an inherent risk of injury. It is a worldwide sport but few studies have focused precisely on the risk of injury in high-level competitions. The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze judo injuries that occurred during two seasons of national competitions by reviewing the video recordings. This was a prospective observational study. A precise diagnosis was established and each injury was analyzed by a working group that included trauma physicians, orthopedic surgeons, national technical advisors, and video technicians. Demographic data, weight division, competition level, and the requirement or not for emergency evacuation were recorded as was the physical examination and complementary tests performed at six weeks. The duration of the interruption of sports activity was evaluated. An analysis of the video recording determining the duration of combat before injury, the judoka's position (attack or defense), the technique being used, the mechanism of the injury, and if present, any technical error or referee error that led to the injury. The video analysis involved 3034 combats involving 2458 opponents (1189 women and 1269 men). Sixty-six injuries were identified (2.2% of combats). There was no significant difference regarding age, gender, weight division, number of combats, or time of combat before injury. Evacuation was required in 10.6% of cases. The main injuries were anterior cruciate ligament tear (19.7%), joint contusion (13.6%), acromio-clavicular disjunction (10.6%). Sports activities had to be interrupted for six weeks in 40.9% of cases. In 83.3%, the injured judoka was in a defensive position. A technical error was the cause of injury in 18.2% of cases and was always made during the second part of the combat. All of the anterior cruciate ligament tears occurred in an opponent in a defensive situation. In 85% of cases, there was no technical error. The most common mechanism of injury was a lateral valgus-flexion-rotation movement (77%) during a throw to the back, with the foot blocked on the ground. Sports interruption was always greater than six weeks. Most of the acromio-clavicular disjunctions occurred in an opponent in a defensive situation. The mechanism of injury involved a fall on the shoulder or on the elbow during a throw forward. A technical error during the fall was noted in all cases. The sports interruption varied from three to six weeks in 57% of cases and was more than six weeks in 43%. The video analysis revealed precise data on the mechanism of injury and situations with a risk of injury. Anterior cruciate ligament tears appear to be the most problematic injuries in terms of frequency, duration of sports interruption, and severity. These preliminary findings should be examined in a large-scale study targeting the observed injuries in order to propose effective preventive measures that could reduce the risk of injury.

Epidemiology of injuries in judo: a cross-sectional survey of severe injuries based on time loss and reduction in sporting level

BackgroundSport injury severity can be detected by duration of time loss and reduction of sporting performance.AimTo detect injury type-specific time loss duration and sporting performance reduction in judo.MethodsAn online survey...

PROSPECTIVE INJURY STATISTICS DURING HIGH-LEVEL JUDO COMPETITION: AN IJF-EJU COLLABORATION

BackgroundSport is a mass phenomenon with different stakeholders, one of them the international federations. As a sport, judo can give advantages to a population in controlling negative effects of a...

PROFILE OF JUDO INJURIES: THE PHILIPPINE EXPERIENCE

BackgroundEpidemiological studies on judo injuries in Western countries have been carried out before. Scant information is available on judo competition injuries in the Philippines.ObjectiveTo assess injury rates in Filipino young...

Rotational Acceleration during Head Impact Resulting from Different Judo Throwing Techniques

Most severe head injuries in judo are reported as acute subdural hematoma. It is thus necessary to examine the rotational acceleration of the head to clarify the mechanism of head injuries. We determined the rotational acceleration of the head when the subject is thrown by judo techniques. One Japanese male judo expert threw an anthropomorphic test device using two throwing techniques, Osoto-gari and Ouchigari. Rotational and translational head accelerations were measured with and without an under-mat. For Osoto-gari, peak resultant rotational acceleration ranged from 4,284.2 rad/s2 to 5,525.9 rad/s2 and peak resultant translational acceleration ranged from 64.3 g to 87.2 g; for Ouchi-gari, the accelerations respectively ranged from 1,708.0 rad/s2 to 2,104.1 rad/s2 and from 120.2 g to 149.4 g. The resultant rotational acceleration did not decrease with installation of an under-mat for both Ouchi-gari and Osoto-gari. We found that head contact with the tatami could result in the peak values of translational and rotational accelerations, respectively. In general, because kinematics of the body strongly affects translational and rotational accelerations of the head, both accelerations should be measured to analyze the underlying mechanism of head injury. As a primary preventative measure, throwing techniques should be restricted to participants demonstrating ability in ukemi techniques to avoid head contact with the tatami.