Initiated Research Articles

Development and Characterization of the Novel Orally Bioavailable EZH1/2 Dual Inhibitor DS-3201

Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) methylates histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27) and represses gene expression to regulate cell proliferation and differentiation. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) or its close homolog EZH1 function as catalytic subunits of PRC2, so there are two PRC2 complexes containing either EZH2 or EZH1. Many reports suggest that inhibiting PRC2 activity through EZH2 knockdown gives rise to anti-cancer effect against hematological and solid cancers.To date, some EZH2 selective inhibitors have demonstrated anti-cancer potential in preclinical and clinical studies. In spite of this promise, there is concern that the efficacy anticipated with EZH2 selective inhibitors may be compromised due to compensation by EZH1 activity.Herein, we describe the novel, orally bioavailable EZH1/2 dual inhibitor DS-3201. This compound strongly and selectively inhibited the methyltransferase activity of both EZH1 and EZH2 with an IC50 value of 10 nM and 6.0 nM, respectively in cell-free enzymatic assays. This compound also suppressed trimethylation of H3K27 in cells (IC50: 0.55 nM) more potently than EZH2 selective inhibitors.In order to identify the anti-cancer spectrum of DS-3201, we tested its in vitro growth inhibition activity against a panel of cancer cell lines including a variety of hematological cancers. Among the panel, hematological cell lines showed particular sensitivity to DS-3201, with GI50 values less than 100 nM, including 1) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cell lines harboring fusion genes, such as MLL-AF9, MLL-AF4, or AML1-ETO, 2) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cell lines having EZH2 gain-of-function (GOF) mutations, 3) most of the peripheral T-cell lymphoma and multiple myeloma cell lines tested. Our data thus shows this compound has broader anti-cancer activity than EZH2 selective inhibitors, especially in hematology cancers. We also evaluated the in vivo anti-tumor efficacy of DS-3201 against KARPAS-422, a DLBCL tumor xenograft with an EZH2 GOF mutation. A 100 mg/kg once daily oral administration of DS-3201 caused nearly complete tumor regression without any body weight loss and 25 mg/kg administration also showed clear tumor growth delay.Based on these results, we initiated clinical studies of DS-3201 for patients with lymphoma (Clinical trial information: NCT02732275) and for those with AML and ALL (NCT03110354). DisclosuresHonma:Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.: Employment. Adachi:Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.: Employment. Kanno:Asubio Pharma Co., Ltd.: Employment. Watanabe:Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.: Employment. Hirasawa:Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.: Employment. Nosaka:Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.: Employment. Shiroishi:Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.: Employment. Takizawa:Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd.: Employment. Yasumatsu:Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd.: Employment. Horiuchi:Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.: Employment. Nakao:Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.: Employment. Suzuki:Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.: Employment. Yamasaki:Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.: Employment. Nakajima:Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.: Employment. Hayakawa:Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.: Employment. Yamazaki:Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.: Employment. Araki:Daiichi Sankyo: Employment. Fujiwara:Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.: Employment.

A Comparison of Patients on First Line and Second Line Antiretroviral Therapy in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Background Understanding characteristics of patients on second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in comparison to patients on first-line ART is important in addressing demographic and clinical issues related to treatment failure. Broad objective We aimed to compare characteristics of patients on second line ART to those of patients on first line ART and to assess factors associated with second line ART treatment in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Methodology Adult patients were systematically recruited in a cross sectional study from one primary level and one secondary level HIV clinics in Dar es Salaam Tanzania. Participants’ socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded. Medians and interquartile ranges were used to compare continuous variables while proportions were used to compare categorical variables. Logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with second line ART treatment. Results We recruited 102 patients from each clinic. Compared to patients on 1st line ART, significantly more patients on second line ART were employed; 90.2% vs. 72.5%, p=0.001, had been on ART for ≥60 months, 71.6% vs. 33.3%, p 60months were 2.5 and 4.4 times respectively more likely seen in patients on second line ART compared to first line ART, p<0.05. Conclusion and recommendation Majority of patients on second-line ART initiated ART with very low CD4 counts, had been on ART for more than sixty months and had changed their ART three times or more. They also had lower CD4 counts at the time of the study. Employment and duration of ART predicted likelihood of being on second-line ART. We recommend early screening for HIV and ART initiation before the immunity is severely compromised in order to reduce the burden of HIV treatment failure. Key words: First line antiretroviral therapy, Second line antiretroviral therapy, antiretroviral therapy resistance, HIV patients’ characteristics, Tanzania, ART adherence.

Phantom Shocks Associated With a Wearable Cardioverter Defibrillator

Wearable cardioverter defibrillators (WCDs) are external devices capable of continuous cardiac rhythm monitoring as well as automatic detection and defibrillation of potentially life-threatening arrhythmias such as ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF). They are an alternative approach for patients when an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) is not appropriate. Although treatment with ICD is considered highly effective for the primary and secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in high-risk patients susceptible to VT and VF, patients may still experience psychological difficulties such as fear of shock, avoidance of normal behaviors and reduced quality of life. One of these phenomena is phantom shock (PS), which is defined as a perception of having received a shock with no evidence of recorded defibrillation upon device interrogation. While PS has been reported in the ICD literature, to the best of our knowledge, we present the first known case of WCD-related PS. We also present a review of the current literature to explore the prevalence of PS, the factors associated with its pathogenesis and interventional studies aimed at reducing its occurrence. We highlight this case because PS is considered a phenomenon that few recognize, which should be discriminated from real device shocks before clinicians initiate treatment, device reprogramming or device discontinuation. We describe the psychosocial factors associated with PS to emphasize the importance of managing any associated psychiatric disorders and psychosocial factors both before and after initiation of device treatment. J Med Cases. 2021;12(2):49-53 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jmc3606

PEMAHAHAMAN HADIS TENTANG COVID-19 DALAM PERSPEKTIF INTEGRASI-INTERKONEKSI AMIN ABDULLAH

The Prophet's hadith has provided information about infectious epidemics and how to handle them, namely by saying prayers to avoid the plague, staying away from those who are sick like running when they find a lion in front of them, isolating and locking down areas affected by the plague, and the promise of a large reward equivalent to death martyrdom for those affected by infectious diseases. As a source of Islamic teachings, this hadith can be understood and brought to the present context, namely the Covid-19 outbreak. The integration-interconnection paradigm initiated by Amin Abdullah made it necessary to understand the hadith of infectious diseases in a humanist way and prioritize humanity. It is the obligation of Muslims to pray to avoid illness. Still, on the other hand, if infected, serious medical treatment is necessary, and those who are healthy do not approach them but must keep their distance and wear a mask. This method is more effective if those infected with the disease isolate themselves within the specified time not to infect the healthy ones. The rewards of martyrdom are for those who die, whether patients or medical personnel and those who are healthy because they also participate in jihad with their souls and assets to reduce and prevent wider disease transmission, one of which is by obeying the PSBB rules. Through Amin Abdullah's integration-interconnection paradigm, the hadith about Covid-19 is understood as a disaster or destiny and a trigger for the development of science, especially in medic and virology.Hadis Nabi telah memberikan informasi tentang wabah menular dan penanganannya, yaitu dengan memanjatkan doa agar terhindar dari wabah tersebut, menjauhi mereka yang sakit seperti lari ketika mendapati singa di depannya, melakukan isolasi dan lockdown daerah yang terkena wabah, serta janji pahala yang besar setara dengan mati syahid bagi mereka yang terkena penyakit menular. Sebagai salah satu sumber ajaran Islam, hadis tersebut tentunya dapat dipahami dan dibawa pada konteks kekinian, yaitu wabah Covid-19. Paradigma integrasi-interkoneksi yang digagas oleh Amin Abdullah meniscayakan pemahaman atas hadis penyakit menular tersebut dengan cara yang humanis dan mengedepankan kemanusiaan. Kewajiban Muslim untuk berdoa agar terhindar dari penyakit, namun di sisi lain, jika tertular maka perlu dilakukan penanganan serius secara medis, dan yang sehat tidak mendekatinya, melainkan harus menjaga jarak dan menggunakan masker. Cara ini semakin efektif jika mereka yang terinfeksi penyakit mengisolasi diri dalam waktu yang ditentukan agar tidak menularkan pada yang sehat. Pahala syahid bagi mereka yang meninggal, baik pasien atau tenaga medis, begitupun bagi mereka yang sehat karena mereka juga turut berjihad dengan jiwa dan hartanya mengurangi dan mencegah penularan penyakit yang lebih luas, salah satunya dengan mentaati aturan PSBB. Melalui paradigm integrasi-interkoneksi Amin Abdullah, hadis tentang Covid-19 tidak hanya dipahami sebagai musibah atau takdir, melainkan juga sebagai pemicu pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan khususnya di bidang kedokteran dan virology.

W kierunku komercjalizacji działalności społecznej – różnicowanie sposobu prowadzenia działalności przez podmioty ekonomii społecznej w efekcie ich ekonomizacji

Coraz więcej podmiotów ekonomii społecznej (PES) przechodzi przez proces ekonomizacji. W Polsce proces ten jest inicjowany głównie przez państwo i prowadzoną przez nie politykę, której celem jest podniesienie samodzielności i niezależności PES. Ekonomizacja wywołuje zmiany w sposobie działania podmiotów pochodzących z III sektora. Poniższy artykuł jest próbą ilustracji tego zjawiska przy wykorzystaniu analizy kokreacji. Celem artykułu jest prezentacja odmiennych sposobów prowadzenia działalności przez PES, co jest efektem ich ekonomizacji. Artykuł powstał w efekcie studiów nad literaturą oraz na podstawie badań na grupie PES – uczestników projektu „Małopolski Ośrodek Wsparcia Ekonomii Społecznej” (MOWES). Najważniejszym wnioskiem z przeprowadzonych badań jest rozpoznanie różnic w stosowaniu kokreacji w przypadku różnych typów prowadzenia działalności przez ekonomizujące się podmioty ekonomii społecznej. Różnica ta jest efektem innego podejścia PES do działalności gospodarczej i działalności odpłatnej. Przeprowadzone badania pokazują, że zakres kokreacji zmienia się wraz ze zmianą rodzaju działalności: im działalność bardziej się ekonomizuje, tym zakres kokreacji jest mniejszy. Ekonomizacja zmienia otwarty model współpracy charakterystyczny dla działalności misyjnej na bardziej zamknięty model działania w przypadku prowadzenia działalności odpłatnej czy gospodarczej.

Uzun Süreli Korumalı ve Geleneksel Toprak İşleme Sistemlerinin Beta Glikosidaz Enzim Aktivitesi ve Potansiyel Mineralize Olabilir Azot Üzerine Etkisi

Bu çalışmada, dokuz yıl süre ile uygulanan iki geleneksel, üç azaltılmış ve sıfır toprak işleme yöntemlerinin GEA ve PMN üzerine etkileri belirlenmiş ve karşılaştırılmıştır. Tesadüf blokları şeklinde 2006 yılında başlatılan çalışmada, 6 farklı toprak işleme sistemi için 3 tekerrürlü ve toplam 18 adet parsel yer almaktadır. Bunlara ilaveten, Araştırma alanında, anızlı geleneksel toprak işleme (Gİ–1), anızları yakılmış geleneksel toprak işleme (Gİ–2), ağır diskli tırmıklı azaltılmış toprak işleme (ATİ–1), rototillerli azaltılmış toprak işleme (ATİ–2), ağır diskli tırmıklı azaltılmış sıfır toprak işleme (ASTİ) ve doğrudan ekimli sıfır toprak işleme (STİ) şeklinde altı farklı toprak işleme yöntemi uygulanmaktadır. Ürün rotasyonu olarak bugüne kadar kışlık bitki olarak her yıl buğday ve yazlık olarak (ikinci ürün) buğday hasadını takiben sırasıyla bir yıl mısır ve bir yıl soya yetiştirilmiştir. Toprak işleme sistemlerinin farklılaşması GEA ve PMN konsantrasyonunun önemli düzeyde farklılaşmasına neden olmuştur. Toprak işleme yoğunluğunun azalması ile birlikte önemli düzeyde artış gösteren GEA konsantrasyonu 44,68 mg PNP kg-1 sa-1 (Gİ-2) ile 207,66 mg PNP kg-1 sa-1 (STİ) arasında değişmiştir. Ancak GEA‘da belirlenen trend PMN‘de tespit edilememiştir. Sıfır toprak işleme altındaki topraklarda PMN konsantrasyonu önemli düzeyde yüksek olmakla birlikte ATİ-1 ile PMN konsantrasyonu bakımından aynı grupta yer almıştır. İşlenmemiş topraklarda PMN konsantrasyonunun daha yüksek olmasının muhtemelen toprak strüktürünün parçalanmaması ile ilişkili olduğu düşünülmektedir. Araştırma sonuçları, azaltılmış ve sıfır toprak işleme sistemlerinin bölgede toprağın kalitesinin arttırılması adına son derece gerekli olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.

Antiviral Drugs for COVID-19: SOLIDARITY Results

In March 2020, the WHO initiated the SOLIDARITY trial to evaluate the effects on patients hospitalized with COVID-19 of four antiviral drugs previously

A (Nova) Economia do Projetamento: o conceito e suas novas determinações na China de hoje

O objetivo deste artigo é o de lançar luz sobre as razões pelas quais o conceito elaborado por Ignacio Rangel de “Economia do Projetamento” guarda grandes possibilidades às pesquisas no campo do desenvolvimento econômico chinês. Para tanto buscamos reelaborar o conceito o enriquecendo com novas determinações e critérios de validação que o tornam à altura do alcance do fenômeno em curso na China. Questões como as possibilidades de superação da “incerteza keynesiana”, a planificação da “destruição criativa”, a soberania monetária e o “pacto tácito de adesão" serão abordadas e tomadas como categorias internas que sustentam, enquanto face empírica, o conceito de Nova Economia do Projetamento. Concluimos afirmando que a Nova Economia do Projetamento se constitui como estágio superior de desenvolvimento do modo de produção dominante à (nova) formação econômico-social que emergiu na China como resultado das reformas econômicas iniciadas em 1978.

A study on the improvement of robust automatic initiated tracking on narrowband target

A study on the improvement of robust automatic initiated tracking on narrowband target

Management of Venous Thromboembolisms: Part II. The Consensus for Pulmonary Embolism and Updates.

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a potential life-threatening condition and risk-adapted diagnostic and therapeutic management conveys a favorable outcome. For patients at high risk for early complications and mortality, prompt exclusion or confirmation of PE by imaging is the key step to initiate and facilitate reperfusion treatment. Among patients with hemodynamic instability, systemic thrombolysis improves survival, whereas surgical embolectomy or percutaneous intervention are alternatives in experienced hands in scenarios where systemic thrombolysis is not the best preferred thromboreduction measure. For patients with suspected PE who are not at high risk for early complications and mortality, the organized approach using a structured evaluation system to assess the pretest probability, the age-adjusted D-dimer cut-offs, the appropriate selection of imaging tools, and proper interpretation of imaging results is important when deciding the allocation of treatment strategies. Patients with PE requires anticoagulation treatment. In patients with cancer and thrombosis, low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) used to be the standard regimen. Recently, three factor Xa inhibitors collectively show that non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOACs) are as effective as LMWH in four randomized clinical trials. Therefore, NOACs are suitable and preferred in most conditions. Finally, chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension is the most disabling long-term complication of PE. Because of its low incidence, the extra caution should be given when managing patients with PE.

Assessing the spatial distribution of bamboo species using remote sensing in Cameroon

Bamboo resource assessment has witnessed great interest in the world with very little attention in the Congo Basin forests. This study was initiated to assess bamboo species distribution in Cameroon with respect to Agroecological Zones (AEZ), using remote sensing. Forty-eight sheets of Landsat 8/Operational Land Imager (OLI) and the Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) instruments’ images were mosaiced with the Envi 5.3 software. The bamboo index (BI) was calculated and used to identify wild bamboo-growing regions in Cameroon. Maps of bamboo growing regions helped in ground truthing. GPS coordinates were used to validate the bamboo presence with an accuracy of 78%. The result showed that bamboo spatial area statistics was 794.60, 451 308.36, 241 295.87, 302 989.41 and 219 094.67 ha in Sudano-Sahel, Guinea Savannah, Western Highlands, Monomodal rainfall forests and Bimodal rainfall forest, respectively with a total of 1 215 482.91 ha. Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. ex J.C.Wendl.; Oxytenanthera abyssinica (A. Rich.) Munro; Phyllostachys sp.; Yushania alpina K. Schum; Ochlandra travancorica (Bedd.) Gamble; Dendrocalamus strictus (Roxb.) Nees; Phylostachys atrovaginata C. S. Chao & H.Y.Chou; Phyllostachys aurea Riviere & C. Riviere, were found in Cameroon. O. abyssinica was dominant in Agroecological zones 1 and 2; P. aurea in Agroecological zones 3; and B. vulgaris in respectively Agroecological zones 4 and 5. These results can orientate policies and planning towards a sustainable bamboo sector development and mitigating the effects of climate change in Cameroon. Key words: Spatial distribution, remote sensing, agroecological zone, climate change mitigation.

Diverse and strain-specific metabolites patterns induced by fungal endophytes in grape cells of different varieties

The potential for endophytes to initiate changes in host secondary metabolism has been well documented. However, the mechanisms underlying endophyte-plant metabolic interactions are still poorly understood. Here, we analysed the effects of fungal endophytes on the metabolite profiles of grape cells from two cultivars: 'Cabernet Sauvignon' (CS) and 'Rose honey' (RH). Our results clearly showed that co-culture with endophytic fungi greatly modified the metabolic profiles in grape cells of both varieties. Treatments with endophytic fungal strains caused the numbers of detected metabolites to vary from 10 to 19 in CS cells and from 8 to 14 in RH cells. In addition, 5 metabolites were detected in all CS cell samples, while 4 metabolites were detected in all RH cell samples. Some endophytic fungal strains could even introduce novel metabolites into the co-cultured grape cells. The metabolic profiles of grape leaves shaped by endophytic fungi exhibited host selectivity and fungal strain specificity. In this assay, the fungal strains RH32 (Alternaria sp.) and MDR36 (Colletotrichum sp.) triggered an increased response of the detected metabolites, including the greatest increase in the metabolite contents in grape cells of both cultivars. No obvious effects in terms of metabolite numbers and contents in grape cells when co-cultured with fungal strains RH7 (Epicoccum sp.) and RH48 (Colletotrichum sp.) were observed. The results of this experiment suggest that endophytic fungi could be used to control the metabolic profiles of grapes and thus increase grape quality.

지역난방수 공급관 에어벤트 부식 파손 분석

Two air vents situated on a heat transport pipe in district heating system were exposed to the same environment for 10 years. However, one air vent was more corroded than the other. It also had a hole on the top of the front-end pipe. Comparative analysis was performed for these air vents to identify the cause of corrosion and establish countermeasures. Through experimental observation of the damaged part and analyses of powders sampled from air vents, it was found that corrosion was initiated at the top of the front-end pipe. It then spread to the bottom. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy results showed that potassium and chlorine were measured from the corroded product in the damaged air vent derived from rainwater and insulation, respectively. The temperature of the damaged air vent was maintained at 75 ~ 120 °C by heating water. Rainwater-soaked insulation around the front-end pipe had been hydrolyzed. Therefore, the damaged air vent was exposed to an environment in which corrosion under insulation could be facilitated. In addition, ion chromatography and inductively coupled plasma measurements indicated that the matrix of the damaged front-end pipe contained a higher manganese content which might have promoted corrosion under insulation.

MODERATING EFFECT OF EXPERIENCE ON THE INTENTION - BEHAVIORAL RELATIONSHIP TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE FOOD CONSUMPTION

Purpose of the study: The purpose of this study is to examine the moderating effect of experience within the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and how it influences the relationship between intention and behavior towards functional food consumption, as well as to develop the measurement for the construct of experience from the perspective of healthy food consumption. Methodology: The population of the study comprised of Malaysian consumers aged 18 years and above who live in Peninsular Malaysia. A self-administered questionnaire is used as data collection tools during a mall intercept in selected supermarkets in Klang Valley, Malaysia. The total sample of 452 consumers was usable for analysis. The study examined the intrinsic and extrinsic experience, which are the Feeling of Using Functional Food and the Functional Food Environment, respectively. The study used the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS version 23) to analyze the data. The factor analysis and hierarchical regression analysis were employed to examine the moderating effect of experience on intention - behavior relationship. Main Findings: The results showed that only intrinsic experience moderates the relationship between intention and behavior towards functional food consumption. Thus, it indicates that when the individual feels the rewards and benefits (intrinsic) of using functional food, the chances of consuming functional food will increase. Applications of this study: This study suggested that the feeling of using functional food (such as feeling happy and healthy) is important in motivating consumers to initiate the desired healthy eating behavior. Thus, healthy food producers and marketers must teach this notion in their strategies. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study contributes to the methodological aspect by developing a modified scale measuring experience focusing on healthy food consumption. This study also verifies that the significantly modified scale measuring experience in different contexts and settings is distinctly acceptable and could be a useful scale for future research. This study has proposed two dimensions of experience on healthy food consumption: The feeling of Using Functional Food and the Functional Food Environment.

The Effectiveness of Isometric Strengthening with Static Stretching vs. Static Stretching in Nonspecific Chronic Neck Pain

Background: The objective was to compare the effectiveness of Isometric neck strengthening exercises with static stretching vs. static stretching alone in the management of nonspecific chronic neck pain. Materials and methods: This study was a randomized controlled trial. 52 patients with non-specific chronic neck pain were randomly assigned through simple random sampling technique, into experimental (group 1) received Isometric training with static stretching and control group (group 2) received Static stretching alone. While aerobic training was initiated by both groups prior their main interventions. Therapeutic session was 3 days per week for 1 month. Neck pain and Disability was assessed by using outcome measures, numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) and neck disability index (NDI). Treadmill machine, Stationary Cycle and Stop watch were used during treatment session. Results: Both groups showed improvements; the baseline mean NDI score was 34.46 ± 11.80 and the final session score was 23.26 ± 17.46 which was significantly (p<0.001) whilst the baseline mean NPRS score was 5.38 ± 1.60 and the final session mean score was 2.65 ± 1.59 which was significantly (p<0.001) in experimental group (Group 1). In control group (Group 2), the baseline mean NDI score was 30.88 ± 10.75 and the final session mean score was 28.44 ± 10.43 which was significantly (p=0.002) whilst the baseline mean NPRS score was 5.00 ± 1.64 and the final session mean score was 3.80 ± 1.87 which was significantly (p=0.001). Conclusion: Both treatment regimens are effective in the management of chronic nonspecific neck pain; however Isometric strengthening exercises training with static stretching appears more valuable as compared with Static stretching training alone.

Pembelajaran Water Rescue sebagai Tanggap Awal Keselamatan Menghadapi Banjir bagi Karang Taruna Kecamatan Benjeng, Kabupaten Gresik

WATER RESCUE LEARNING AS AN INITIAL RESPONSE TO SAFETY AGAINST FLOODS FOR YOUTH ORGANIZATION IN BENJENG DISTRICT, GRESIK REGENCY. Disasters are events that are not expected by many people, need special anticipations in overcoming this. Not only is the SAR team needed as a response team from the start but the community participation is also needed to take part in it. Benjeng District, which is a subscribed area for floods, naturally initiates knowledge and skills regarding disaster response. Based on this, the Physical Education Lecturer team of the University of PGRI Adibuana Surabaya carried out the activity as a lecturer task in the field of Higher Education Tri Dharma, namely Community Service. The purpose of this activity is to increase knowledge and ways to save water by members of the Youth Organization. There were 36 participants in the workshop. The results that can be obtained from the workshop are 1). The high level of enthusiasm of the participants gave a positive impact so that the achievements designed by the team were successfully completed well; 2). The implementation of the workshop activities resulted in a pioneer team of emergency response that would be destroyed at the village level so that it became the vanguard of the rescue team in the event of a flood.

Budaya Gerakan Masyarakat Hidup Sehat (GERMAS) sebagai Upaya Promosi Kesehatan pada Masyarakat di Kecamatan Cipayung, Kota Depok

GERMAS AS AN EFFORT TO PROMOTE HEALTH TO COMMUNITIES IN CIPAYUNG DISTRICT, DEPOK CITY. Strengthening health promotion and disease prevention efforts will provide extraordinary benefits. Health promotion and disease prevention are the main investments to reduce the burden on the state in financing public health services. Developing countries feel this burden due to budget constraints and the threat of budget sustainability, especially non-communicable diseases that require expensive and long-term treatment. Therefore, the Indonesian government launched the Healthy Living Community Movement (GERMAS), in the form of efforts to promote health and prevent disease that emphasize the community as the main actor. GERMAS has six main activities, namely increasing physical activity, increasing healthy living behavior, providing healthy food and accelerating nutrition improvement, increasing prevention and early detection of disease; environmental quality improvement; and increasing education on healthy living. Therefore, to support the Healthy Living Community Movement (GERMAS), which has just been launched by the government, it is necessary to mobilize the community to familiarize healthy living in accordance with the objectives of the GERMAS program. In Cipayung Urban Village, community-based health promotion and disease prevention has not been carried out. When associated with GERMAS, it is necessary to initiate community-based health promotion and disease prevention.

Homeland and Loyalty

Far from any kind of nationalist rhetoric, Villari initiated an important debate on concepts such as homeland, nation, and loyalty in the Early Modern Age. He would often return to these subjects during his research. Thanks to his extensive knowledge of seventeenthcentury societies and his skilful use of both published and unpublished historical sources, he understood the key role played by the Mezzogiorno d’Italia. According to him, Southern Italy was indeed the place where patriotic and libertarian aspirations had already appeared in the second half of the seventeenth century and found fertile ground in the following decades as well. In the Kingdom of Naples, for instance, the traditional subservience among the single stakeholders began to break down and, in the context of the Neapolitan Republic led by Masaniello, a new political vocabulary came to life.

Short Communication on Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Obstructive sleep apnea is a severe sleep disorder. It causes breathing to stop and start repeatedly while you sleep.With sleep apnea, the muscles in your upper airway relax while you’re sleeping. This causes your airways to become blocked off, keeping you from getting enough air. This may cause your breathing to pause for 10 seconds or longer until your reflexes initiate br eathing to restart.You’re considered to have severe sleep apnea if your breathing stops and restarts more than 30 times an hour The apnea hypopnea index (AHI) measures obstructive sleep apnea to determine a range from mild to severe, based on the number of breathing pauses per hour you have while sleeping

Sustainable Society 2020: The case of ethnic preferences

Sustainable Society 2020: The case of ethnic preferences