The swelling of crop storage organs is an important agronomic trait with high economic value. However, the signals influencing storage organ swelling are not fully understood. Here, we assembled a high-quality genome of the rhizome-type Asian lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.), comprising 759 Mb with 99.98% of sequences anchored to 8 chromosomes. Comparative genome analyses revealed conserved synteny with the China Antique Asian lotus and identified 64,886 structural variants. We observed physiological changes during development of the lotus rhizome from the major stolon to the swelling phase. The swelling transition stage was identified as a critical period for initiation of rhizome swelling. Global DNA methylation increased during the rhizome swelling process, mainly due to increased CHH methylation; this correlated with decreased expression of DNA demethylase genes. Large-scale time-series analysis of transcriptome dynamics revealed that differentially methylated genes and differentially expressed genes associated with plant hormone signal transduction and the metabolic processes of sucrose and starch are closely related to rhizome swelling. We analyzed expression patterns and co-expressed modules specific to the stolon to swelling stages and found the auxin pathway to be particularly active during the transition stage. Auxin response factor (ARF) transcription factors were identified as core regulators of the network during the transition stage. Furthermore, the experiments showed that auxin elicits interactions between NnARF2 and Sucrose Transporter1/2 (NnSUT1/2), Starch Synthase1 (NnSS1), and NnARF12 interacts with Starch Branching Enzyme II (NnSBEII) to directly activate source-sink synergy-mediated starch accumulation and increase yield. In conclusion, our findings provide insight into the effects of DNA methylation and auxin on swelling and source-sink sucrose transport regulation.

Adolescence is a critical period for tobacco initiation, and intention to use tobacco strongly predicts uptake. In Nigeria, adolescent tobacco use is a growing concern requiring early prevention. We evaluated a Health Belief Model (HBM)-based tobacco-education intervention on knowledge, harm-perception and intention to use tobacco among in-school adolescents in Ibadan, Nigeria. A two-arm, parallel, cluster-randomised controlled trial was conducted among 720 students aged 12-19 years. Schools were randomly assigned to an intervention group (IG) or a control group (CG). IG participants received a 45 min HBM-based tobacco education session reinforced with culturally adapted posters and notebooks developed from the WHO Tobacco Control Manual for Secondary Schools; the CG participants received a general health lecture. Assessments were conducted at baseline, immediately postintervention and at 6 months. The primary outcome was intention to use tobacco; secondary outcomes included tobacco-related knowledge and harm-perception. Analyses followed intention-to-treat principles. Cluster-adjusted logistic generalised estimating equation models were used to estimate intervention effects on intention. At baseline, intention to use tobacco was identical in both groups (13.6%). At 6-month follow-up, intention declined in the IG (8.9%) but increased in the CG (14.4%). In cluster-adjusted analyses, IG participants had lower odds of reporting intention to use tobacco than CG participants (adjusted OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.94), with no evidence of effect modification by age group. The IG also showed greater improvements in knowledge and harm-perception. This brief, theory-driven, culturally adapted school-based intervention reduced intention to use tobacco and improved tobacco-related knowledge and harm-perception among adolescents. The findings support the integration of evidence-based tobacco education into adolescent tobacco prevention strategies in low-income and middle-income countries. PACTR202103802475677.

PurposePrevious studies evaluating clonidine for dexmedetomidine weaning in critically ill patients have shown efficacy but are limited to smaller samples of adult or pediatric patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of enteral clonidine in the transition from dexmedetomidine for agitation and sedation in the intensive care unit (ICU).Materials and MethodsThis was a single-center, retrospective cohort study of adult patients admitted to an ICU at UMass Memorial Medical Center between May 1, 2022 to April 30, 2023 who received enteral clonidine for the indication of weaning dexmedetomidine. The primary outcome was discontinuation of dexmedetomidine within 24 h of starting enteral clonidine. A priori risk factors for the primary outcome included duration of dexmedetomidine prior to clonidine initiation, clonidine total daily dose, average Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS) and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores, history of a psychiatric disorder, intubation at time of clonidine initiation, and being on additional sedation agents at the time of clonidine initiation. Safety outcomes included the incidence of bradycardia, hypotension, and withdrawal.ResultsSeventy-three patients were included. The primary outcome of dexmedetomidine discontinuation within 24 h occurred in 38 patients (52%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis of the a priori risk factors indicated that non-intubated patients at the time of clonidine initiation were significantly more likely to achieve the primary outcome (OR 4.27, 95% CI 1.04-17.62, p = 0.04). Incidence of bradycardia (5% clonidine vs 16% dexmedetomidine, p = 0.04) and withdrawal (0% vs 49%, p < 0.0001) were higher while patients were on dexmedetomidine.ConclusionsClonidine was efficacious in weaning dexmedetomidine within 24 h in 52% of patients; however, the ideal dose and period for initiation remains unclear. Results of this study warrant further investigation to identify optimal clonidine dosing for dexmedetomidine weaning and to characterize patient populations that would benefit most from this intervention.

Differences in substance use initiation patterns among biracial and monoracial adolescents: an integrative data analysis of two nationally representative samples.

Background The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted schooling for many during the middle-to-high school transition, a critical period for initiation of substance use. This study examines how reduced in-school peer exposure was associated with substance use patterns among ninth and tenth graders before and after the pandemic. Objectives To examine the relationship between differential in-school peer exposure to substance use patterns among ninth and tenth graders before and after the pandemic. Methods We conducted a repeated cross-sectional study of ninth and tenth graders (total N = 2,024) from a large US high school, using annual in-school survey data from 2017–2019 (N = 1,550) and 2023 (N = 474). We compared substance use prevalence and risk factors pre- and post-pandemic. Results The pre-pandemic sample was 48% boys and the post-pandemic sample was 57% boys. Ninth graders (one year less exposure to in-school peers) had significant declines pre- to post-pandemic in 30-day alcohol use (13% to 7%), 30-day e-cigarette use (12% to 7%), lifetime alcohol use (31% to 20%), lifetime marijuana use (18% to 10%), and lifetime e-cigarette use(23% to 13%). Tenth graders (one additional year of in-school peer exposure) did not experience similar declines. Perceived substance use accessibility increased among ninth graders pre- to post-pandemic (mean risk perception score: 3.18 to 3.33, p < 0.05). Conclusions Less in-school peer exposure during a critical developmental period was associated with reduced substance use initiation and progression. These findings highlight the importance of in-school exposure to peers in adolescent substance use trajectories. Future research should investigate specific mechanisms of peer influence—such as substance availability on campus—to inform targeted prevention and early intervention strategies.

Study on yolk iron transportation in chick embryo eggs based on transcriptomics.

Adolescence and early adulthood are recognized as the most vulnerable periods for smoking initiation in India. This is likely due to the increased freedom that young adults have to experiment with different identities and behaviors. To explore the background of smoking initiation, understand the motivators and barriers to quitting smoking, and assess university students' perceptions and knowledge of Tobacco Cessation Centers (TCCs). Using a combination of snowball and purposive sampling, 20 university students were selected for face-to-face semi-structured interviews. Data collection continued until theoretical saturation was reached, and a thematic framework was applied for data analysis. Qualitative analysis revealed that smoking typically begins in school, driven by peer pressure, socialization, family influence, and stress relief. While many students express a desire to quit for health, financial, and cosmetic reasons, they face challenges due to easy access to cigarettes, peer pressure, nicotine addiction, and the habit of using smoking as a stress reliever. Awareness of Tobacco Cessation Centers among students is limited, with most preferring cost-effective or free services. The results emphasize the significant impact of peer influence on students, indicating a need for group interventions. Incorporating stress reduction techniques into tobacco cessation programs is crucial for those who use smoking as a means of stress relief. Additionally, raising awareness about Tobacco Cessation Centers in college settings is essential. Healthcare professionals developing smoking prevention programs should consider adolescents' perspectives, addressing both health consequences and social factors to enhance the programme effectiveness.

: Despite the reported clinical effectiveness of house dust mite (HDM) sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) in pediatric patients, the risk of treatment remains unclear in pediatric patients with allergic asthma. To show a risk of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in pediatric patient with allergic asthma during the initiation period of HDM SLIT. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of pediatric patients aged ≤ 15 years who initiated allergen immunotherapy (AIT) with the SQ HDM SLIT-tablet for allergic rhinitis between February 2017 and September 2019. Asthma severity at baseline and ADRs during the first 4 weeks of the treatment were determined for each subject. In our study population (n = 217; median age, 8.4 years), 99 patients (45.6%) were classified as having asthma. One hundred and one patients (46.5%) in the whole cohort experienced ADRs during the first 4 weeks of therapy, but a major gap in the frequency of ADRs was not observed between an asthma group and a non-asthma group. The SQ HDM SLIT-tablet was well tolerated in pediatric patients with controlled HDM-driven allergic asthma. HDM-SLIT is an option to treat their allergic rhinitis without excessive concern for its ADRs.

Absolute prevalence of tobacco smoking has fallen in recent decades but inequalities by socioeconomic position (SEP) persist. Adolescence is a critical period for smoking initiation and habits formed during this period likely continue into adulthood. Explanations for inequalities in adolescent smoking have tended to focus on individualistic theories based on differentials in knowledge and psychology. These have been criticised for their blindness to processes of social stratification and social context that influence smoking behaviours. Based on previous social theories, we put forward, and test empirically, two potential structural explanations for inequalities in smoking, using nationally representative longitudinal cohort data on 6039 Irish young people aged 9-18years. Descriptive analyses confirmed the adverse SEP gradient in smoking prevalence as well as SEP gradients in variables representing individual-level characteristics and structural-level explanations. Despite lower self-esteem being associated with a higher likelihood of smoking, there was no significant indirect pathway between SEP and smoking via self-esteem. Path analyses found that differentials in exposure to parental smoking and levels of oppositional values mediate the relationship between SEP and smoking. Our results favour structural and group-based explanations for inequalities, that is, the 'smoking exposure' and 'social resistance' models, over explanations based on individual psychology.

The radial delayed hydride cracking behavior of Zr-2.5Nb alloy pressure tube at different temperatures

The aims of this practice-based evidence study were to (a) examine clients' trajectories of psychological and spiritual distress over the course of spiritually integrated psychotherapies (SIPs) and (b) explore the role of varying types of spiritual interventions in these outcomes. In total, 164 practitioners of SIPs from 37 settings in a practice-research network administered the Clinically Adaptive Multidimensional Outcome Survey (Sanders et al., 2018) at each session with 1,227 clients and reported their use of theoretical orientations and spiritual interventions on an after-session summary checklist. Focusing on sessions over an initial 12-week period, latent growth curve modeling analyses revealed that clients, on average, experienced significant reduction of psychological distress during their engagement in SIPs with improvements occurring most sharply in the first month. Further, other findings revealed a salient reciprocal interplay with spiritual distress throughout treatment, such that clients who were struggling with their religious faith and/or spirituality were more psychologically distressed and displayed a more attenuated and gradual pattern of symptom reduction. In such cases, clinicians frequently utilized spiritual interventions involving basic skills (e.g., spiritual assessment), virtues (e.g., discuss self-control), and religious attachment (e.g., encourage acceptance of divine love) that were uniquely associated with clients' rate and duration of decline in psychological and spiritual distress. The present findings affirm the routine effectiveness of SIPs along with highlighting the potential value of certain spiritual interventions in supporting holistic recovery among clients who want clinicians to be culturally responsive to their spiritual and/or religious identities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

This study aimed to characterize the bacterial and eukaryotic microbiota of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in domestic rabbits and to evaluate the effect of different diet characteristics, such as pelleting, extrusion, and hay supplementation. 30 New Zealand White rabbits (15 male and 15 female; 6 to 7 months old) were fed 1 of 6 diets (5 rabbits per diet) for 30 days after an initial acclimation period. At the end of the trial, samples were collected from the stomach, small intestine, cecum, large intestine, and hard feces. The samples were analyzed using 16S rRNA and internal transcribed spacer 1 region-targeted amplicon sequencing. The bacterial microbiota was distinct between the foregut and hindgut. The most abundant bacterial genera included an unclassified genus in the Bacteroidales order and Alistipes. Candida was the most abundant genus in the eukaryotic dataset. In the bacterial dataset, diet No Hay/Pellet E was shown to have lower diversity (Shannon diversity, P < .05) compared to all diet groups except for No Hay/Pellet M. Few significant differences in alpha-diversity indexes between diet groups were detected in the eukaryotic dataset. Our findings demonstrated that feeding hay had a significant effect on the beta diversity of the bacterial microbiota. Given the prevalence of gastrointestinal disease in the domestic rabbit population, furthering our understanding of what constitutes a healthy rabbit microbiota and the effects of different diets on the microbial community can help veterinarians implement better intervention strategies and allow pet owners to provide the best level of care.

This study delves into the regulation of foreign share ownership and the prohibition of nominee agreements in the establishment of mineral and coal mining entities in Indonesia, aiming to ensure legal certainty and promote the welfare of the people, as mandated by Article 33 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution. Employing three legal theories—basic legal values (Gustav Radbruch), legal system theory (Lawrence Friedman), and the welfare state—the research method incorporates both normative juridical and empirical juridical approaches. The findings reveal that nominee agreements, though legally questionable under Article 1320 of the Civil Code, serve as a means for foreign investors to secure their interests in Indonesian mining ventures. An Environmental Analysis of Law (EAL) employing the Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) method indicates a positive impact on the welfare of communities in Morowali and Kutai Kartanegara regencies due to these agreements. Proposing an ius constituent approach, the study advocates for relaxed foreign ownership regulations, allowing up to 51% ownership during the initial establishment period, accompanied by a mandatory divestment to 49% after ten years of exploration. Such a policy shift obviates the need for nominee agreements, ensuring both investment security and legal clarity. Supervisory mechanisms are recommended to oversee divestment and reinvestment processes, ensuring equitable distribution of mining dividends and bolstering legal certainty in mining operations. These proposed regulatory adjustments are envisioned to foster equitable resource management, thereby advancing the welfare of the Indonesian populace, particularly in Morowali and Kutai Kartanegara regencies.

Schizophyllum communeFr. is an edible medicinal mushroom also known as white rot fungus that develops naturally on dead woods which belongs to the phylumBasidiomycota, order Agaricales, family Schizophyllaceae.To find out most suitable growing substrates, mushroom was cultivated on 6 locally available substrates including different saw dust i.e.Babool (Vachellianilotica),Bija (Petrocarpus marsupium),Sal (Shorea robusta),Sagwan (Tectona grandis) and different strawi.e. Paddy straw(PS) and Wheat straw(WS). Among the different substrates,on an average,WS took shortest time for mycelial run (6.50 days), longest time(8.62 days) taken by Bija (P. marsupium). Pinhead initiation was fastest (8.50 days) in WS while, Bija (P. marsupium)took more time period(10.62 days) for pinhead initiation. The Maximum yield was obtained from WS (148.37gm) with biological efficiency (29.6%) followed by PS(116.12 gm) with biological efficiency (23.2%). The lowest yield was obtained from saw dust of Bija (P. marsupium)(60.50gm) with biological efficiency (10.40%).There was significant difference in yield when supplement (wheat bran)was mixed with substrates, however there was no significant difference observed in mycelial run and pinhead initiation.

Among dental injuries, complete dislocation of a tooth has a prevalence of 1.2 to 14.8% in the permanent dentition, and is defined as a complete displacement of the tooth from the socket with rupture of the fibers of the periodontal ligament. Among the teeth, the upper central incisors are most often affected. Among children aged seven to eleven, boys are more susceptible to this type of injury than girls. This is mostly associated with industrial and auto traumatism and sports activities, protrusion of front teeth, open bite, etc. In such cases, the severity of the damage is higher, the more pronounced the tooth protrusion.&#x0D; The purpose of the study: comparison and analysis of clinical data on the use of rigid and semi-rigid dental splints after tooth replantation under the conditions of its complete dislocation and immobilization time.&#x0D; We conducted a retrospective study of the medical records of 65 outpatient dental patients with complete dislocation of a tooth on the basis of the Poltava Regional Center of Stomatology Dental Clinical Polyclinic.&#x0D; In 26% of cases, a semi-rigid splint was used for 7-10 days, which was fixed with composite resin and a steel wire with a diameter of 0.02 cm. With rigid fixation, a higher degree of bone tissue regeneration in the periodontal space was observed in 57.5% of cases. According to our data, it was established that in relation to dental splints, semi-rigid nylon splints were used in 62% of cases, steel wire in 9%, and restorative material in 18%. According to the received data on the processing and preparation of the tooth for replantation and immobilization, physiological solution is the most suitable medium for storage (62.4%), the ideal extraalveolar time period was 25-27 minutes (58.5%), while the teeth were in a dry place within 10 minutes after storage in physiological solution. Due to the presence of serious inflammatory root resorption, which demonstrates a connection with the periodontal tissue associated with increased tooth mobility, in 27.6% of cases an intervention regarding extraction, use of a temporary prosthesis, followed by prosthetics with adhesive materials is chosen. Autotransplantation is used in 12.9% of cases and is positioned as an alternative for replacing missing incisors. However, this method has limitations, as the root of the donor tooth must be 2/3 formed, in addition to anatomical problems, where approximately 60% of autografted teeth are dissimilar in appearance in terms of asymmetric gingival width or color mismatch.&#x0D; When evaluating pulp and periodontal tissue regeneration for permanent teeth, the best results were observed with the use of platelet-rich plasma, especially for incisors, with separation after more than 8 hours of extraoral storage of the tooth and delayed replantation. The obtained data allow us to state that several factors can influence the success of replantation: the duration of the injury, the extra-alveolar period of permanence, means of preservation, contamination, manipulation and condition of the extracted tooth, the type of splint used and the time of application.&#x0D; Conclusion. Based on a retrospective analysis of medical records and literature data, it can be stated that after replantation, the use of a splint is mandatory to ensure immobilization of the teeth in the initial period, which is necessary for the restoration of the periodontal ligament.

Abstract Upon systematic studies of femtosecond‐laser processing of monocrystalline Si in oxidation‐preventing methanol, it is shown that the electromagnetic processes dominating at initial steps of the progressive morphology evolution define the onset of the hydrodynamic processes and morphology upon subsequent multi‐pulse exposure. Under promoted exposure quasi‐regular subwavelength laser‐induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs) are justified to evolve through the template‐assisted development of the Rayleigh‐Plateau hydrodynamic instability in the molten ridges forming quasi‐regular patterns with a supra‐wavelength periodicity and preferential alignment along polarization direction of the incident light. Subsequent exposure promotes fusion‐assisted morphology rearrangement resulting in a spiky surface with random orientation, yet constant inter‐structure distance correlated with initial LIPSS periodicity. Along with the insight onto the physical picture driving the morphology evolution and supra‐wavelength nanostructure formation, this experiments also demonstrated that resulting quasi‐regular and random spiky morphology can be tailored by the intensity/polarization distribution of incident laser beam allowing on‐demand surface nanotexturing with diverse hierarchical surface morphologies exhibiting reduced reflectivity at visible and shortwave‐IR wavelengths. Finally, the practical attractiveness of the suggested approach for improving near‐IR photoresponse and expanding operation spectral range of vertical p‐n junction Si photodetector operating under room temperature and zero‐bias conditions via single‐step annealing‐free nanopatterning is highlighted.

The corrosion of alkaline concrete materials exposed to a sulfuric acid environment is becoming more and more prevalent, and its damage assessment is becoming more and more imperative. This study aims to describe the corroded surfaces of concrete with different strength grades (C30, C50, C80) in sulfuric acid environments in terms of their three-dimensional fractal dimension. Three kinds of concrete with varying strength grades, namely C30, C50, and C80, were immersed in a sulfuric acid solution with pH ≈ 0.85 for four distinct corrosion durations, specifically 0, 28, 56, and 165 days, in accelerated corrosion tests. The 3D laser scanning technique was utilized to capture the 3D coordinates of the surface points of the concrete cylinder before and after corrosion. The fractal dimension of concrete’s uneven surface before and after corrosion was computed via the cube covering method, and the mass loss of the concrete specimen was also obtained. The outcomes demonstrate that the three-dimensional fractal dimension provides a new method for characterizing the degree of corrosion deterioration of concrete samples affected by sulfuric acid via laser scanning technology. From the perspective of the appearance, mass loss, and fractal dimension of a rough surface in the sulfuric acid environment at a pH level of approximately 0.85, the degree of the corrosion deterioration of concrete is ranked from high to low as C80 &gt; C50 &gt; C30. These fractal dimensions of the concrete’s corroded surfaces with various strength grades increase rapidly in the initial period. However, as the corrosion time progresses, the growth rate of the corroded surface fractal dimension gradually decelerates and tends towards stability, which accords with the law of exponential function. The widespread belief is that the higher the strength grade of concrete, the better its durability; however, this pattern varies in sulfuric acid corrosive environments. Therefore, based on this research, it is recommended that in extremely acidic environments (i.e., very low pH), more attention should be paid to high-strength grades of concrete.

The incidence of perforations resulting from Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiography (ERCP) is observed to be less than 1%. In this case report, we aim to present our unique experience as a mechanism, which is even more uncommon. A 68-year-old male with an ASA score of 2 was prediagnosed with a distal common bile duct tumor. ERCP was performed for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes and a 9F 10 cm plastic stent was placed to relieve obstruction. The patient, who had the sudden onset of abdominal pain within the initial 24-hour period following the procedure, underwent surgical intervention subsequent to a computed tomography assessment. In the third portion of the duodenum, an approximately 4 mm perforation originating from the stent was observed during the examination. It was repaired with a 3.0 prolene suture, followed by omentopexy. He was discharged uneventfully on the eighth day. Although duodenal perforation due to the placement of a plastic biliary stent with ERCP is a very uncommon complication, the patient's clinical and imaging findings are essential for treatment planning.

Improving the early-age properties of eco-binder with high volume waste gypsum: Hydration process and ettringite formation

As reported, the persistent toxic and harmful pollutant bisphenol A (BPA) from industrial emissions has been consistently found in aquatic environments inhabited by humans. Periodate (PI)-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have been employed to degrade BPA, although activating PI proves more challenging compared to other oxidants. A novel nano iron metal catalyst, sulfided nanoscale iron-nickel bimetallic nanoparticle supported on biocarbon (S-(nFe0-Ni)/BC) was synthesized and utilized to activate PI for the removal of BPA. The morphology, structure, and composition of S-(nFe0-Ni)/BC were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS), and fourier-transform infrared spectrum (FTIR). The catalyst demonstrates an excellent ability to activate PI, achieving a BPA removal efficacy of 86.4%, accompanied by a 33% reduction in total organic carbon (TOC) in the {S-(nFe0-Ni)/BC}/PI system. BPA degradation exhibited a significant change at the 5-min mark. In the first stage (0-5min), nonlinear dynamic fitting research, combined with scavenging experiments, unveiled the competitive degradation of pollutants primarily driven by iodate radical ( ), singlet oxygen , and hydroxyl radical ( ). The competitive dynamics aligned with the ExpAssoc model. The contribution rates of different active species during the second stage (5-120min) were calculated. The contributions of main species to BPA removal follow the order of > > throughout the entire process. The influence of various parameters, such as the dosage of S-(nFe0-Ni)/BC, initial PI concentration, BPA concentration, pH, temperature, and the presence of coexisting anions, was also examined. Finally, a plausible reaction mechanism in the system is proposed, suggesting that the {S-(nFe0-Ni)/BC}/PI system involves a heterogeneous synergistic reaction occurring primarily on the surface of S-(nFe0-Ni)/BC. Therefore, this study proposes a promising approach for PI-based AOPs to degrade organic pollutants, aiming to mitigate the irreversible harm caused by such pollutants to organisms and the environment.