Initial Copper Ion Concentration Research Articles

Copper Adsorption on ZIF-8/Alumina Hollow Fiber Membrane: A Response Surface Methodology Analysis

Heavy metals from industries and agricultural sectors have become a prominent source to cause the contamination of groundwater and water bodies. The toxicity of heavy metals is a significant concern as excessive exposure to these chemicals may cause severe harm to humans and other life beings. In this study, the effects of independent variables on the adsorption of copper(II) ions on ZIF-8 membrane were determined using a three-factor three-level central composite design (CCD) by a response surface methodology (RSM) approach. The adsorption process was investigated using batch experiments. The independent variables include the initial concentration of copper(II) ions, the mass of ZIF-8 membrane and volume of copper solution. A quadratic model was developed to correlate the variables with the adsorption yield of copper(II) on ZIF-8. The optimum condition for maximum copper(II)ions removal was found as follows: initial concentration of 100 mg/L, adsorbent dose 29.93 mg and the solution volume of 40 mL. The adsorption mechanism of copper(II) onto the ZIF-8 membrane was best fitted to the Freundlich isotherm. The kinetic study concluded that the adsorption was best fitted to the pseudo-second-order model with a higher correlation coefficient. ZIF-8 membrane showed the promising adsorbent for copper(II) ions with the advantage of easier isolation from reaction mixtures than other powder form adsorbents.

Adsorption of Copper (II) Ions in Aqueous Solution by a Natural Mouka Smectite and an Activated Carbon Prepared from Kola Nut Shells by Chemical Activation with Zinc Chloride (ZnCl<sub>2</sub>)

The aim of this work was to test the adsorption efficiency of copper (II) ions in an aqueous solution on Natural Smectite (NS) and Activated Carbon (AC). The experiments carried out in batch mode made it possible to determine the stirring time, the adsorbent mass, the pH, the initial concentration of copper (II) ions, the isotherms and the adsorption kinetics. It appears that the stirring time was 15 minutes for the AC and 20 minutes for the NS. The adsorption was at maximum for the two adsorbents at optimum pH of 3.5 for a mass of 0.05 g each. The quantity of copper (II) ions adsorbed was 26.6 mg/L for NS and 36.6 mg/g for AC of a concentration of 600 mg/L each. The Langmuir isotherm was the one that best described the adsorption process for the two adsorbents. The adsorption kinetics obtained was that of the pseudo second-order for our two adsorbents. The results obtained showed that these two adsorbents were effective for the adsorption of copper (II) ions in an aqueous solution.

Use of cement kiln dust to remove copper from simulated wastewater using the Response surface methodology

Copper removal from simulated wastewater was achieved using Cement Kiln Dust (CKD) as adsorbent. The effects of contact time, pH, initial copper ion concentration, rotational speed, and Cement Kiln Dust (CKD) amount were studied. The best operating conditions were determined by applying a Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The results showed that the copper concentration has the main effect on the efficiency of copper removal followed by time, shaking rate, dosage of cement kiln dust, and pH. The best operating conditions were found to have a pH value of 8, contact time 90 minutes, shaking rate of 300 rpm, copper ion concentration 20 ppm, and a quantity of CKD equivalent to 35 g / l. Based on this optimum condition, 99 % of the efficiency of copper removal was achieved.

Effect of polyacrylonitrile hollow fiber modified membrane on heavy metal ion adsorption

In this paper, the adsorption of copper ions on the prepared multilayer diazo resin-graphene oxide/polyacrylonitrile composite membranes was studied, and the adsorption capacity of GO modified polyacrylonitrile membranes to copper ions under different conditions was explored. The concentration of copper ion solution before and after adsorption was measured by inductively coupled plasma (ICP). The results showed that the adsorption capacity of GO modified polyacrylonitrile membrane to copper ion increased first and then reached adsorption equilibrium with the increase of adsorption time of copper ion. With the increase of initial concentration of copper ion and external temperature, the adsorption capacity of GO modified polyacrylonitrile membrane to copper ion followed. With the increase of solution’s PH, the adsorption capacity of GO modified polyacrylonitrile membranes for copper ions first increased and then decreased. After several desorption/adsorption of the modified membranes which have reached the adsorption equilibrium, the membranes still have good adsorption capacity for copper ions, indicating that the membranes have excellent reuse performance.

Kinetic models for the extraction of copper by Acorga M5640 after leaching of malachite ore in perchloric acid solutions and the stripping of copper from loaded organic phase

In the present work, the extraction kinetics of copper using the resulting actual leach solution obtained from the leaching of malachite ore in perchloric acid solutions and the stripping kinetics of copper from the loaded organic phase were examined. The organic phase was prepared by using Acorga M5640 and kerosene. In the extraction process, the effects of the initial pH of aqueous solution, initial concentration of copper, extractant concentration, temperature, and stirring speed on the extraction rate were investigated. In the stripping process, the effects of the concentration of perchloric acid, temperature, stirring speed, and extractant concentration on the stripping rate were examined. It was determined that the extraction rate increased with increasing the initial pH of aqueous solution, stirring speed, extractant concentration and temperature, and with decreasing the initial concentration of copper ions. In the stripping process, it was observed that the stripping rate increased with increasing the concentration of perchloric acid, temperature and stirring speed, and with decreasing the extractant concentration. It was determined that both the solvent extraction and stripping processes could be described by the first order pseudo homogenous reaction model. The activation energy for the extraction and stripping processes was calculated to be 50.04 kJ/mol and 32.42 kJ/mol, respectively.

Adsorption of copper ions onto chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) beads functionalized with poly(ethylene glycol)

A novel adsorbent material composed of chitosan (Cs), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) was prepared in hydrogel bead form to efficiently remove copper ions from aqueous solutions. The properties of the composite were characterized by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The adsorption behavior of Cu(II) onto Cs/PVA/PEG beads was studied as a function of solution pH, temperature and contact time. The maximum adsorption was observed equal to 99.99 % for initial copper ion concentration of 25 mg/L at pH 5, temperature 45 °C, 5 h as contact time and 1 g/L of adsorbent dose. Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second kinetic model fitted the experimental data sufficiently. Thermodynamic studies indicated that the process was spontaneous and endothermic. Cs/PVA/PEG beads can act as an effective adsorbent for the removal of Cu(II) from aqueous solution.

Solvent Extraction of Copper (II) Ions Using Unmodified and Aromatic Amine Modified Red Onion Skin Extract

This study investigated the use of unmodified red onion skin extract (UROSE), aniline modified red onion skin extract (AmROSE) and 2-aminophenol modified red onion skin extract (APmROSE) for the extraction of copper (II) ions from aqueous media. The effect of pH, agitation time, ligand concentration and metal ion concentration on the percentage extraction were explored. The stoichiometric coefficients of the metal ions and the ligands (UROSE, AmROSE and APmROSE) in each extraction experiment were determined using slope analysis. The results revealed that the percentage extraction of copper (II) ions increased with increasing ligand concentration and agitation time and decreased with increasing initial concentration of copper (II) ions. The optimum pH for the extraction of copper (II) was found to be 6.77, 6.10 and 2.57 for UROSE, AmROSE and APmROSE respectively, while slope analysis showed that UROSE, AmROSE, and APmROSE ligands reacted with the metal ion in 1:1 molar ratio.

Kinetic and Thermodynamic Study of Adsorption of Copper (II) Ion on Moroccan Clay

Highly efficient low-cost adsorbent was applied for copper (II) ions uptake from aqueous solution. Characteristics of natural adsorbent were established using scanning X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence, electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR). Various physicochemical parameters such as contact time, initial copper(II) ions concentration, adsorbent dosage, pH of copper (II) ions solution and temperature were investigated. The result showed that the adsorption of copper (II) ions by natural clay was favorable at pH=5,5. The adsorption was found to increase with increase in initial copper (II) ions concentration, and contact time. Equilibrium adsorption data were fitted using three isotherms and kinetic data tested with four kinetic models. Freundlich isotherm best described the adsorption of copper (II) ions onto utilised clay, the maximum monolayer adsorption capacity (qmax) was 8 mg/g. Pseudo-second-order model best described the kinetics of the adsorption process. Thermodynamic parameters such as Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy were determined. It was found that copper (II) ions adsorption was spontaneous (ΔG°<0) and endothermic (ΔH°>0).

Effect of nettle plant extract on the overconsumption diminution of zinc as sacrificial metal during cementation of copper

In this work, we study the cementation reaction of copper by zinc in acid sulphate media in the presence of nettle plant extract (Urtica dioica L.). The effect of some parameters, namely concentration of nettle extract, temperature and initial copper ions concentration have been studied. This extract obtained by refluxed technique in water, has proved to be a good inhibitor of the parasitic reactions of hydrogen and dissolved oxygen that accompanied the cementation process in acidic media. These reactions are the main causes of the zinc overconsumption and the decrease of copper recovery efficiency. The results showed that the maximum of copper recovery efficiency (85.2%) was obtained at the optimal concentration of nettle extract, equal to 1.5 g·L−1. At this concentration, we recorded a decrease in zinc overconsumption of about 43.5% compared to the solution without additives. The rate of the cementation reaction increases with increasing temperature up to 37 °C and this effect is more pronounced when the extract is present in solution.

Segmented tubular synthesis of monodispersed microsized copper oxalate

Monodispersed microsized copper oxalate particles were prepared in a segmented continuous flow tube reactor, and the effect of the main parameters such as organic additive agent, initial copper ions concentration, residence time, and segmented media on the final products were investigated experimentally. The obtained copper oxalate microsized particles were disc-like in the presence of citrate ligand, which was the shape inducer for the precipitated copper oxalate. Thermodynamic equilibrium diagrams of the Cu(II)-oxalate-H2O, Cu(II)-oxalate-citrate-H2O, and Cu(II)-oxalate-EDTA-H2O solution systems were drawn to estimate the possible copper species under the experimental conditions and to explain the formation mechanisms of copper oxalate particles in the segmented fluidic reactor. Both theoretical and experimental results indicated that the presence of chelating reagents such as citrate and EDTA had distinct effect on the evolution of particle shape. Air and kerosene were tested as media for the fluidic flow segmentation, and the latter was verified to better promote the growth of copper oxalate particles. The present study provides an easy method to prepare monodispersed copper oxalate microsized particles in a continuous scaling-up way, which can be utilized to prepare the precursor material for conductive inks.

The use of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for modeling of Cu (II) ion removal from aqueous solution by flotation and sorptive flotation process

Abstract A three-layer artificial neural network model was developed to predict the removal of copper ions from simulated wastewater by flotation and sorptive flotation systems using Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) as surface active agent and sunflower seed husk as low-cost locally available adsorbent based on 197 experimental data. The effect of initial copper ion concentration, flow rate, sunflower seed husk dosage and surfactant concentration at 40 min contact time, pH of 5 and at room temperature, were investigated. The best value of these parameters that achieved maximum removal efficiency of Cu(II) ion were 30 g/l initial Cu(II) ion concentration, 500 cm3/min flow rate for both systems and 7 g/l sunflower seed husk for sorptive flotation while the SDS concentration was 60 mg/L for flotation and 30 mg/L for sorptive flotation. The present model was capable to predict the removal efficiency with a tangent sigmoid transfer function (tansig) at hidden layer with 20 neurons and a linear transfer function (purelin) at output layer. The linear regression between the corresponding targets and network outputs was confirmed to be satisfactory with a correlation coefficient of 0.99955 and 0.99549 in flotation and sorptive flotation system, respectively. Sensitivity analysis shows that the time and pH was found to be most significant parameters of relative importance 24.22 and 23.02% in flotation system, and the sunflower seed husk dosage and time with relative importance of 26.86 and 24.23% were found to be the most affected one for sorptive flotation system.

Recovery of copper from spent catalyst using acid leaching followed by electrodeposition on square rotating cylinder

In this study, the kinetics of acid leaching of a spent catalyst containing CuO was investigated. The effect of key parameters such as type of acid (H2SO4, HCl, Oxalic acid), concentration of acid (0.5–2 M), stirring speed (200–600 rpm), liquid to solid ratio (40–200 ml/g) and temperature (27–55 °C) on the rate of leaching was determined experimentally. The treatment of present leaching data using shrinking core model (SCM) revealed that diffusion through the catalyst's ash layer is the rate controlling step. Activation energy values confirmed also the diffusion controlled nature of the leaching process. Kinetics of copper recovery from synthetic leach liquor by electrochemical deposition on square rotating cylinder was studied under different conditions using limiting current technique measurements. The rate of copper electrodeposition was expressed by the mass transfer coefficient. The present results showed that mass transfer coefficient increases with decreasing initial concentration of copper ions and increasing rpm. The present mass transfer data for copper deposition under constant current electrolysis at square rotating cylinder was correlated by the following dimensionless equation: Sh = 0.4557 Sc0.33 Re0.59 for the conditions 657 < Re < 2373, 2165.21 < Sc < 2819.2.

Sorption of Ag+ and Cu2+ by Vermiculite in a Fixed-Bed Column: Design, Process Optimization and Dynamics Investigations

Vermiculite has been used for the removal of Cu 2 + and Ag + from aqueous solutions in a fixed-bed column system. The effects of initial silver and copper ion concentrations, flow rate, and bed height of the adsorbent in a fixed-bed column system were investigated. Statistical analysis confirmed that breakthrough curves depended on all three factors. The highest inlet metal cation concentration (5000 mg/dm3), the lowest bed height (3 cm) and the lowest flow rate (2 and 3 cm3/min for Ag + and Cu 2 + , respectively) were optimal for the adsorption process. The maximum total percentage of metal ions removed was 60.4% and 68.7% for Ag+ and Cu2+, respectively. Adsorption data were fitted with four fixed-bed adsorption models, namely Clark, Bohart–Adams, Yoon–Nelson and Thomas models, to predict breakthrough curves and to determine the characteristic column parameters. The adsorbent was characterized by SEM, FTIR, EDS and BET techniques. The results showed that vermiculite could be applied as a cost-effective sorbent for the removal of Cu 2 + and Ag + from wastewater in a continuous process.

Comparison studies of adsorption properties for copper ions in fuel ethanol and aqueous solution using silica-gel functionalized with 3-amino-1,2-propanediol

Silica-gel functionalized with 3-amino-1,2-propanediol (SG-AP) was used as adsorbent for the removal of copper ions from both aqueous and ethanol solutions. The adsorption isotherms and adsorption kinetics were comparatively investigated by using batch method. The static saturated adsorption amount for Cu2+ in ethanol is less than that in aqueous, indicating a much lower adsorption rate. The experimental data were fitted to pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The results indicated that all the adsorption data in both solutions fitted well with the second-order kinetic model, implying that SG-AP is suitable to apply in the low initial concentration of copper ions in aqueous or ethanol solution. The adsorption isotherms were fitted by the Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) models. It was showed that the adsorption processes in both aqueous and ethanol solutions were favorable and Freundlich model was much appropriate. From the D-R isotherm model, the calculated mean free energy E showed that the adsorptions occurred in aqueous via physical processes, while those in ethanol mainly via chemical processes. Desorption study showed that SG-AP had good durability as well as good efficiency for repeated use.

Synthesis of polyacrylamide immobilized molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 @PDA@PAM) composites via mussel-inspired chemistry and surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization for removal of copper (II) ions

Abstract In present work, novel polyacrylamide immobilized molybdenum disulfide (MoS2@PDA@PAM) composites were synthesized via the mussel-inspired chemistry and surface initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP). The as-prepared MoS2@PDA@PAM composites were characterized by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Characterization results provide sufficient evidences for the successful functionalization of MoS2 with PAM. The products were used as adsorbents for removing of copper (II) ions. Results show the introduction of PAM onto MoS2 could enhance the adsorption capacity of MoS2@PDA@PAM towards copper (II) ions. The amount of adsorbed copper (II) ions by MoS2@PDA@PAM composites is 2.5 times that of pristine MoS2. The effects of various experimental factors on the adsorption process, including contact time, initial copper (II) ion concentrations, solution pH and temperature, were also studied in this work. The batch experiments show that the adsorption of copper (II) ions onto MoS2@PDA@PAM is dependent on time, pH and temperature. The optimum solution pH is observed at pH 7 and the increase of temperature is favorable for the adsorption of MoS2@PDA@PAM towards copper (II). Based on the experiment data, the adsorption kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamics were also investigated. The kinetics and isotherm studies show that pseudo-second-order kinetic and Freundlich isotherm models could well fit with the adsorption data. The thermodynamic results show that the adsorption of copper (II) ions on MoS2@PDA@PAM is a spontaneous and endothermic process. The adsorption process is mainly governed by the chemisorption involving the electrostatic interaction and/or chemical chelation between copper (II) ions and amino groups on the surface of MoS2@PDA@PAM. Taken together, it is proven that the PAM can be immobilized onto the MoS2 nanosheets via the mussel-inspired chemistry and SI-ATRP, and it can enhance the adsorption performance of MoS2@PDA@PAM composites, which might be used as adsorbents to remove heavy metal ions in real environment treatment.

Comparison between Performance of Okra Waste and Wheat Bran for Removing some Heavy Metals from Wastewater

In the present work, the agricultural wastes which are wheat bran and raw okra waste used as adsorbent material for adsorption of cadmium and copper ions from wastewater .The effect of adsorption variable which include initial pH of solution , agitation speed, agitation time, initial concentration of cadmium and copper ions, and amount of adsorbent material were investigated in a batch process in order to obtain the maximum ions removal from wastewater .The results obtained from experimental investigation show that the percentage removal of metal ions increases with increasing pH and agitation speed until a maximize value after that it decreased with increasing pH and agitation speed. Also increases with increasing amount of adsorbent material and agitation time until a maximize value then reach a constant value approximately , and decreasing with increasing metal ions concentration .The maximum removal percent of cadmium and copper ions were 85.8% and 52.7 % respectively which obtained at pH equal 5.0, agitation speed 150 revolution per minute, agitation time 105 minute , metal ion concentration 40mg /L ,and adsorbent amount 1.5gm when using wheat bran as adsorbent material ,while obtained the maximum removal percent of cadmium and copper ions were 81.7% and 47.8 % which obtained at pH equal 6.0, and pH equal 5.0 respectively , agitation speed 150 revolution per minute, agitation time 90 minute ,metal ion concentration 40 mg /L ,and adsorbent amount 1.5gm when using okra waste as adsorbent material. From above result the wheat bran and okra waste was a best adsorbent material for removal cadmium and copper ions from wastewater but wheat bran slightly more effective than okra waste.&#x0D;

Removal of copper ions from aqueous solution by &lt;i&gt;Annona squamosa&lt;/i&gt; biomass using biosorption

Biosorption of copper II ions using Annonasquamosa biomaterial was investigated in this study. This work examined the efficiency of Annona squamosaseeds and shell powder for the biosorption of copper II ions from aqueous solution in a batch mode. Biosorption is affected by various parameters namely initial metal concentration (100 mg/L to 500 mg/L), temperature (25°C to 40°C), biosorbent loading (1.0 g to 5.0 g), at controlled pH 5.3. At high initial copper ion concentrations, a maximum specific uptake of copper was obtained with lesser percentage removal of copper. A maximum percentage removal of 97% was obtained with 100 mg/L of initial copper ion concentrations and a maximum specific uptake of 20.75 mg/g was obtained with 500 mg/L initial copper ion concentrations at biosorbent dosage of 2 g in 120 min of contact time with optimum pH of 5.3 respectively. The results suggest that the ASSP can be used as an effective, low cost and eco-friendly adsorbent for the removal of copper II ions from aqueous solution.

Removal of copper ions from aqueous solution by &lt;i&gt;Annona squamosa&lt;/i&gt; biomass using biosorption

Biosorption of copper II ions using Annonasquamosa biomaterial was investigated in this study. This work examined the efficiency of Annona squamosaseeds and shell powder for the biosorption of copper II ions from aqueous solution in a batch mode. Biosorption is affected by various parameters namely initial metal concentration (100 mg/L to 500 mg/L), temperature (25°C to 40°C), biosorbent loading (1.0 g to 5.0 g), at controlled pH 5.3. At high initial copper ion concentrations, a maximum specific uptake of copper was obtained with lesser percentage removal of copper. A maximum percentage removal of 97% was obtained with 100 mg/L of initial copper ion concentrations and a maximum specific uptake of 20.75 mg/g was obtained with 500 mg/L initial copper ion concentrations at biosorbent dosage of 2 g in 120 min of contact time with optimum pH of 5.3 respectively. The results suggest that the ASSP can be used as an effective, low cost and eco-friendly adsorbent for the removal of copper II ions from aqueous solution.

Kinetic studies of adsorption of Cu (II) from aqueous solution by coriander seeds (Coriandrum Sativum)

The adsorption of copper ions Cu2+ by Coriandrum Sativum seeds (CSS) from aqueous solution was studied in order to highlight the importance of coriander seeds as a potential tool in the treatment of wastewaters containing heavy metals. The kinetic studies of adsorption of Cu (II) were discussed using the spectroscopic technique “Inducting Coupled Plasma” (ICP). The effects of initial copper ion concentration and contact time were determined. All results show that coriander seeds have, over their culinary and medicinal benefits, a significant adsorbent power of copper ions.

Preparation of polyethylene polyamine@tannic acid encapsulated MgAl-layered double hydroxide for the efficient removal of copper (II) ions from aqueous solution

Abstract The MgAl-layered double hydroxide (LDH) was modified with polyethylene polyamine (PP) and tannic acid (TA) to improve the adsorption property of heavy metal ions. The PP@TA encapsulated LDH (denoted as LDH-PP@TA) was prepared via the combination of catechol chemistry and Michael addition and/or Schiff base reaction and characterized through TEM, FT-IR, SEM, TGA, and XPS. The adsorption performance was investigated by using LDH-PP@TA as adsorbent to adsorb the copper (II) ions from aqueous solution. The effect of contact time, solution pH, initial copper (II) ions concentration and temperature were investigated. The LDH-PP@TA exhibited high adsorption capacity of 41.56 mg/g, which is almost double that by LDH (23.39 mg/g). Equilibrium data for adsorption of copper (II) ions on adsorbents could be well fitted by the pseudo-second-order and Langmuir equations. Thermodynamic studies show the adsorption process is spontaneous and endothermic. Electrostatic adhesion and formation of copper complex are the major mechanisms for the copper (II) ions removal by LDH-PP@TA. These results reveal the great potential of LDH-PP@TA in the application of heavy metal ions removal.