Effect of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) on inhibitory control as a function of motor task complexity.

Enhanced visual and auditory inhibitory control in musicians: EEG evidence.

Inhibitory control in problematic usage of the internet: An ALE meta-analysis.

Acute aerobic exercise improves inhibitory control in individuals with test anxiety: evidence from event-related potentials.

The effects of acute psychosocial stress on binge urges, inhibitory control, negative urgency and eating pathology in Binge Eating Disorder.

The effect of acute stress on executive function in children: Moderation by parasympathetic nervous system activity.

The effects of acute and chronic exercise on executive functions and core symptoms in adults with ADHD: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Seeing race, stopping action: neural dynamics of face-based inhibitory control.

Promote or hinder? ERP evidence for selective effects of feedback on inhibitory control in trait procrastination

Effects of 12-week mindfulness-based intervention on executive functioning skills, brain oxygenation, and biomarkers of cognitive function in baseball players: a randomized controlled trial.

Executive function (EF), including inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility, is essential for goal-directed behavior across the lifespan. Regular exercise improves EF, with benefits moderated by frequency, intensity, time, and type. Progressive overload—systematic increases in exercise demands—may further optimize EF outcomes, yet its application in EF interventions remains unclear. The purpose of this review was to explore how progressive overload has been implemented in exercise interventions targeting EF. The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) extension for scoping reviews processes were used to systematically search, select, and chart data from 44 studies published between 2014 and 2024. Findings were synthesized using quantitative summaries and qualitative thematic analysis. Most studies involved children, adolescents, or older adults. Moderate to large effect sizes were more commonly reported in interventions that progressively overloaded intensity and complexity, as well as in studies specifically targeting working memory and inhibitory control. Reporting inconsistencies and limited experimental manipulation remain key gaps. Future research should systematically manipulate progressive overload and explore occupational and resistance-training contexts.

Overgeneral autobiographical memory in obsessive-compulsive disorder: the differential roles of executive function subcomponents and the impact on symptom severity.

Aging is marked by physiological changes that significantly affect discourse production skills. Cognitive reserve (CR), the brain's ability to adapt and cope with age-related changes, was examined in relation to narrative discourse production in 105 healthy adults aged 61-84. Verbal working memory, sustained attention, and inhibitory control were also assessed. CR was selectively associated with multiple cognitive and discourse measures, particularly those related to executive functioning, lexical accuracy, coherence, and informativeness. Based on CR level, participants were divided in three groups balanced for age and gender: 35 high CR, 35 moderate CR, and 35 medium CR. Participants with high CR consistently outperformed those with moderate and medium CR who did not differ from each other, indicating a non-linear pattern of CR effects. The differential contributions of education, working activity, and leisure activities to cognitive and discourse performance are also examined. • Aging is associated with linguistic decay in language processing. • Cognitive reserve (CR) predicts linguistic abilities in healthy aging. • Persons with high CR narrate better than those with moderate and medium CR.

The origin of co-representation during joint action poses a puzzle: It apparently only emerges around the age of four in humans, suggesting it is cognitively demanding, but has also been demonstrated in several nonhuman primate species whose cognitive skills do not match human four-year-olds. We therefore reassessed co-representation in 2-4-year-old human children (n = 38, 11 females) with a directly comparable, nonverbal task previously applied to nonhuman primates. Co-representation was already present and strongest in the youngest children, not constrained by Theory of Mind and inhibitory control skills, and weaker in children than in nonhuman primates. Together, this suggests co-representation may be an early default mode of processing joint action. However, species differed in the flexibility to adjust when to merge perspectives by co-representing, and when not. Children and the cooperatively breeding marmosets were most flexible and relied on coordination smoothers to achieve this (marmosets: mutual gaze; children: mutual gaze and communication). SUMMARY: Co-representation, that is the merging of perspectives, is present in the joint Simon task in 2-year-olds and decreases with age Co-representation is weaker in children than in nonhuman primates Cooperation success requires flexibly switching between merging or not Children and highly cooperative nonhuman primate species rely on mutual gaze as coordination smoothers for switching Co-representation is likely an early default mode of processing joint actions.

This systematic review aims to evaluate the impact of dysfunctional aspects of overtraining, specifically non-functional overreaching (NFOR) and overtraining syndrome (OTS), on psychological and cognitive functioning among elite athletes. Elite athletes face unique stressors, including rigorous training and persistent competitive pressures. However, previous reviews have not differentiated between athletic profiles, such as elite versus non-elite athletes. Following PRISMA guidelines, this systematic review searched four electronic databases for studies involving elite athletes aged 18 or older who had undergone interventions leading to NFOR or OTS and assessed psychological or cognitive outcomes. The methodological quality of the studies was evaluated. Out of 2232 articles, 11 studies were included: seven focused on OTS, three on NFOR, and two on both NFOR/OTS, involving 461 participants. All the studies assessed at least one psychological outcome, showing alterations in mood, stress, burnout, and fatigue among elite athletes experiencing NFOR or OTS. However, the available evidence on psychological well-being was limited and showed considerable heterogeneity. Evidence on cognitive outcomes was limited and focused mainly on the domain of cognitive inhibition. Impairments in cognitive inhibitory control may occur only in the context of OTS, while no clear deficits were observed in athletes experiencing NFOR. In conclusion, this review highlights the detrimental effects of NFOR and, especially, OTS on elite athletes' psychological and cognitive health, emphasizing the need for targeted research and effective strategies to support athletes' performance and well-being.

Aberrant brain activity during sad-happy emotional switching in adolescents with bipolar disorder: A functional MRI study.

Attention restoration theory suggests that natural environments offer greater restorative benefits compared with urban settings. While previous research has used behavioral and questionnaire measures to demonstrate the effects of nature exposure on cognition, mood, and stress, fewer studies have explored physiological measures. This study used EEG and ECG to investigate the behavioral and psychophysiological markers of nature restoration, along with estimating the moderating influence of individual differences in nature relatedness on restorative effects. Forty participants were randomly assigned to view either natural or urban images in a short virtual exposure after completion of a cognitively fatiguing Stroop task. EEG and ECG were continuously recorded throughout a pre/post design measuring heart rate variability, ERPs, EEG frequency band power, cognitive performance (digit span test, flanker go/no-go task), mood (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule), and state mindfulness (Mindful Attention Awareness Scale). Scores on the Nature Relatedness Scale were utilized as a moderator variable. EEG results showed an increase in alpha power during both nature and urban exposures. A neural index of inhibitory control (N2 ERP amplitude) was decreased for the nature group only, possibly reflecting more efficient inhibitory attentional processing. Nature relatedness moderated environmental effects for alpha and beta power, overall RT, and positive affect, whereby effects were enhanced when exposures aligned with nature relatedness level. In conclusion, this study suggests that nature exposure can influence cortical inhibitory mechanisms involved in suppressing distractions. The influence of nature relatedness indicates that nature restoration is not necessarily universal but contingent on individuals' connection to a given environment.

Effects of aerobic exercise on core executive function in adults with major depressive disorder: A Systematic review and three-level meta‑analysis.

The association between positive childhood experiences and executive function among Chinese adolescents.

Binge-like eating in early adolescence induces glial changes and dopaminergic dysregulation linked to risk-taking behaviors in rats.