Cosmetic Ingredients Research Articles

Formulation and evaluation of natural lip balm

The formulation and evaluation of a natural lip balm with beetroot juice as the main ingredient are the main subjects of this study. Due to its natural pigments and moisturising qualities, beetroot known for its rich colour and possible health benefits is a promising ingredient in cosmetics. The research begins with the development of a formulation incorporating beetroot juice alongside other natural ingredients to create a lip balm product.Subsequently, the physical, chemical, and sensory aspects of the lip balm formulation are evaluated. The overall quality and consumer attractiveness of the product are assessed by analysing various parameters, including colour, pH, texture, fragrance, and moisturising efficacy. Furthermore, stability checks are carried out to ensure the durability and shelf-life of the lip balm under different storage conditions.The findings of this study aim to contribute to the growing demand for natural and sustainable cosmetics while providing insights into the potential benefits of utilising beetroot juice in lip care products. Ultimately, the research seeks to offer a viable alternative to conventional lip balms, promoting both health-conscious and eco-friendly beauty solutions.

Investigation of nonclinical toxicity of cosmetic nail gel in Caenrohabditis elegans model

The study investigates the non-clinical toxicity of a cosmetic nail gel using the nematode model Caenorhabditis elegans. The research was motivated by the need for alternative methods to vertebrate animal testing due to ethical and legal considerations. The main objective was to evaluate the influence of cosmetic gel ingredients on the nematodes' behavioral and viability parameters. The N2 Bristol strain of C. elegans was used, exposed to different gel formulations. The methodology included analysis of egg hatching and L4 larval motility, comparing control and treated groups. The results showed no significant difference in egg hatching between groups, indicating that the gel components are not toxic to nematode reproduction. However, a decrease in the motility of L4 larvae exposed to the gel was observed, suggesting possible behavioral interference. The research concludes that while the formulation did not affect reproductive viability, the influence on motility requires further investigation to understand the nature of these behavioral changes. These findings underscore the relevance of using C. elegans as an alternative model for cosmetic safety evaluation.

Itch-Relieving Cosmetics

This review aims to explore the evolving role of cosmetics in alleviating itch, transcending their traditional aesthetic function. With a focus on formulations enriched with natural oils and other bioactive components, we examine the efficacy and safety of various cosmetic ingredients designed to control itch. Highlighted are ingredients such as colloidal oatmeal, postbiotics, menthol, peppermint, cryosim-1, capsaicin, asivatrep, polidocanol, pramoxine hydrocholoride, and palmitoylethanolamide, which are recognized to reduce itch. Special attention is also given to phytochemicals that can modulate the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling pathway and carry the potential as an itch-relieving cosmetic ingredient. This review encompasses clinical studies that verify the itch relieving effect of these cosmetic ingredients. By integrating current scientific evidence, we aim to shed light on the potential of anti-itch cosmetics as an adjunct to standard itch treatment, thereby broadening our understanding of their role in dermatological care.

The Total Mass of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in California Cosmetics.

Cosmetics make up one of the consumer product categories most widely known to contain perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), including precursors to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and other perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs). Because of the way cosmetics are used, most of the PFASs present in these products are likely to reach wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), which suggests that cosmetics may contribute significantly to the load of PFOA and other PFASs at WWTPs. However, the majority of PFASs present as intentional ingredients in cosmetics cannot be quantified with the available analytical methods. To address this issue, we developed a methodology to estimate the total PFAS mass in cosmetics as well as the corresponding mass of total organic fluorine and of fluorinated side chains associated with PFAA precursors, using various ingredient databases and ingredient concentrations reported by manufacturers. Our results indicate that the cosmetics sold in California during a one-year period cumulatively contain 650-56 000 kg of total PFASs, 370-37 000 kg of organic fluorine, and 330-20 000 kg of fluorinated side chains associated with PFAA precursors. Among the 16 product subcategories considered, >90% of the PFAS mass came from shaving creams and gels, hair care products, facial cleansers, sun care products, and lotions and moisturizers, while the sum of all nine makeup subcategories accounted for <3%. Comparing our estimates to available WWTP influent data from the San Francisco Bay Area suggests that cosmetics may account for at least 4% of the precursor-derived PFAAs measured in wastewater. As the first study ever to estimate the total mass of PFASs contained in cosmetics sold in California, our results shed light on the significance of certain cosmetics as a source of PFASs to WWTPs and can inform effective source reduction efforts.

ToxEraser cosmetics: A new tool for substitution, towards safer cosmetic ingredients

Cosmetic ingredients of choice are those appropriate for a specific commercial use and deemed safer than existing alternatives. In the LIFE VERMEER project (https://www.life-vermeer.eu/), the ToxEraser Cosmetics software was developed as a platform under which an ingredient is presented with a list of potential substitutes, from an archive of 2233 items. Key information about the safety of each item concerns: (a) the risk assessment addressed by seven regulatory and other specialized European-US authorities; (b) the safety class emerging from the systematic evaluation and integration of each authority’s assessment. Read-across analysis makes the substitution possible even when the ingredient is not included in the archive. The list of alternatives can be extended or reduced flexibly, since the commercial use of cosmetics is dictated by attributes indicating progressively detailed and hierarchically related categories. Finally, the identification of significant validated structural alerts for endpoints of interest serves in detecting which part of the structure is associated with certain hazardous properties. This tool will be joined with VERMEER Cosmolife, the other tool for cosmetics developed as part of the VERMEER project. ToxEraser offers a systematic, flexible approach to explore safer cosmetic substitutes, acknowledging the sources of evidence produced by VERMEER Cosmolife, offering a forward-looking tool for the cosmetic sector. More in general, the novelty is the shift to in silico models, not only to assess possible concern associated with a substance, but also to move towards safer alternatives.

Skin-on-a-Chip Coupled with a Rapid Inflammation Detection System for Cosmetic Ingredient Screening

Skin-on-a-Chip Coupled with a Rapid Inflammation Detection System for Cosmetic Ingredient Screening

Exploring the World of Curcumin: Photophysics, Photochemistry, and Applications in Nanoscience and Biology.

Curcumin is a bright yellow naturally occurring polyphenol which is the principal component of turmeric. It is used as herbal supplement, cosmetics ingredient, and food coloring agent. Over the years, the therapeutic properties of the natural product curcumin have gone unexploited but not unnoticed. Curcumin cannot be employed as a drug due to limitations such as low aqueous solubility and limited bioavailability. Many attempts have been made to overcome these limitations by confining the drug in various confined media to enhance its bioavailability. The biomolecule is emissive and undergoes fundamental excited state processes such as solvation dynamics and excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT). Curcumin based biomaterials and nanomaterials are also a fast advancing field where curcumin is an intrinsic component necessary for formation of these materials and no longer added as an external free drug. In this review, we will summarize the recent research on the photophysical and photochemical properties of curcumin and its excited state dynamics in various bio-mimicking systems. At the same time we wish to also incorporate the various applications of curcumin, especially in biology. Lastly due to the growing importance of materials science, we will briefly discuss some recent advances on curcumin based biomaterials and nanomaterials. We believe such a compilation of recent research surrounding curcumin will provide an overall understanding of its potentialities in different areas.

Computational assessment of the toxicological profiles of various chemicals to which humans are exposed. A review

Abstract This study contains a brief description of the common computational methods used in the prediction of the toxicological effects of chemical substances, and a synthetic review of the literature on the results of computational studies on the prediction of the toxicological effects of substances to which humans are frequently exposed: food additives, food contaminants, cosmetic ingredients, drug-related compounds and pesticides. The advantages and limitations of using current computational toxicology in assessing the toxicity of chemicals are also discussed.

Microbial Consortium of Jeju Traditional Fermented Foods and Their Cosmetic Ingredient Potential

In this study, we analyzed the microbial community of traditional fermented foods of Jeju Island to identify the distribution of useful microorganisms and confirm their anti-inflammatory and anti-melanogenic effects to determine their potential use as cosmetic ingredients. Firstly, we examined the microbial communities of Omphalius rusticus Jeotgal (OR), Spratelloides gracilis Jeotgal (SG), Chromis notata Jeotgal (CN), Turbo cornutus Jeotgal (TC), Trichiurus lepturus intestine Jeotgal (TL), Branchiostegus japonicus Sweet Rice Punch (BJ), Salted Anchovy Sauce (SA), Jeju Soy Sauce (JSS), and Jeju Soybean Paste (JSP). We found that Latilactobacillus sakei (87.2%), Tetragenococcus halophilus (37.7%), T. halophilus (96.8%), Bacillus subtilis (23.4%), T. halophilus (71.3%), L. sakei (53.7%), Lentibacillus sp. (42.9%), Enterococcus durans (14.6%), and E. durans (32.8%) were the dominant species. Secondly, to study the nine Jeju fermented foods’ anti-inflammatory and anti-melanogenic effects, we employed RAW 264.7 and B16F10 cells, classic cell models for inflammation and melanogenesis studies. Ethyl acetate extracts of the nine Jeju fermented foods all inhibited nitric oxide (NO) and melanin production in a concentration-dependent manner. Thirdly, to test the applicability of the nine Jeju fermented foods to human skin, we used the MTT assay to assess their cytotoxic effects on human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells). Finally, the topical applicability of the nine Jeju fermented foods was tested through primary skin irritation, and it was found that they did not cause any adverse effects. Therefore, extracts from the nine Jeju fermented foods have potential applications as ingredients in anti-inflammatory and anti-melanogenic products and can be used in the cosmetic industry.

Pengenalan Tumbuhan Lokal Untuk Kosmetik Kepada Gen Z : Edukasi Formulasi Sediaan Pomade Estrak Daun Meniran ((Phyllanthus Niruri L ) Sebagai Perangsang Penumbuh Rambut

Health Vocational High School is a place of education where students study. Busy student activities can sometimes reduce students' knowledge regarding the use of natural materials. The method applied in community service activities is providing counseling and education in the form of lectures and questions and answers directly by practicing making pomade cosmetics. Students' lack of knowledge regarding the use of natural ingredients from meniran leaves (Phyllanthus niruri L) as the main ingredient in natural pomade cosmetics which functions as a hair growth stimulant. For this reason, students are given education and understanding about the formulation of meniran leaf extract pomade preparations. The aim of holding service activities for students is "Introducing Local Plants for Cosmetics to Gen Z: Education on the Formulation of Meniran Leaf Extract Pomade Preparations as a Hair Growth Stimulator". To provide knowledge and understanding to Dewantara Husada Health Vocational School students regarding the introduction of local plants for cosmetics in the formulation of meniran leaf extract pomade as a hair growth stimulant. The conclusion of this PKM activity was carried out using the lecture and question and answer method, and practice. Based on the high level of participation in this PKM activity, it was classified as very good, participants in the question and answer session were considered to have a special interest in the material

Skin-soothing Effects of Oenothera biennis Flower Extract

Purpose: The current study aimed to assess the use of &lt;i&gt;Oenothera biennis&lt;/i&gt; flower extract (OBFE) as a cosmetic ingredient exhibiting potential skin-soothing and anti-inflammatory activities.Methods: O. biennis flowers were extracted with 70% ethanol and used in experiments to confirm skin-soothing efficacy. Several criteria related to skin soothing, such as antioxidant activity, barrier enhancement, moisturization, and sebum secretion control, and anti-inflammatory effects, were evaluated. Antioxidant activity was determined via the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging test. Skin barrier enhancement was assessed by studying the mRNA expression of filaggrin (&lt;i&gt;FLG&lt;/i&gt;), a key skin barrier component, through quantitative real-time PCR. Moisturizing efficacy was evaluated by analyzing hyaluronic acid (HA) expression through ELISA. Furthermore, the expression levels of the inflammatory agents nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; (PGE&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) were investigated in addition to checking the inhibitory effect on sebum production to confirm the anti-inflammatory effects.Results: Antioxidant activity was confirmed by DPPH radical scavenging ability, and OBFE demonstrated efficacy equivalent to that of L-ascorbic acid, positive control. Furthermore, OBFE recovered the &lt;i&gt;Staphylococcus aureus&lt;/i&gt;-induced downregulation of FLG expression. Moreover, OBFE significantly improved the production of HA, surpassing the beneficial effect of the positive control, retinoic acid. OBFE also exhibited significant reduction in LPS-induced production of NO and PGE&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and effectively inhibited palmitic acid-induced sebum production in sebocytes.Conclusion: These findings imply that OBFE is a potential cosmetic ingredient that can be used to soothe sensitive skin as it exhibits antioxidant, skin barrier strengthening, moisturizing, anti-inflammatory, and sebum-control effects.

Effects of Vitamin C and SH-Polypeptide-10 Cosmetic Ingredients on Wrinkle Improvement and Skin Whitening

In this study, 20 female subjects in their 30s to 50s used cosmetics containing the main ingredients vitamin C and SH-Polypeptide-10 in an environment exposed to ultraviolet rays, and underwent clinical trials to determine the effects of improving wrinkles, brightness, and whitening of the skin. Efficacy evaluation was performed. Wrinkles around the eyes significantly decreased from 0.0592 to 0.0507(p&lt;0.001), and the wrinkle improvement effect decreased by 16.78%(p&lt;0.05). Skin brightness significantly decreased from 65.44 to 67.04 in the experimental group(p&lt;0.001), and skin brightness increased by 2.45%(p&lt;0.05). Additionally, the skin whitening effect significantly decreased from 66.38 to 55.51(p&lt;0.001), and melanin pigment decreased by 19.57%(p&lt;0.05). The cosmetics used in this experiment were shown to have antioxidant effects that protect cells from oxidative stress, increase transdermal permeability, promote epidermal cell growth and cell regeneration, inhibit tyrosinase activity and promote collagen formation. Overall, the use of cosmetics containing vitamin C and SH-Polypeptide-10 as main ingredients resulted in significant improvement in the experimental group, which can be seen as having a positive effect on improving wrinkles around the eyes and skin whitening.

Anti-wrinkle and Antioxidant Effects of Elderflower (Sambucus nigra) Water Extract as a Functional Ingredient of Cosmetics

Purpose: This study examined the potential of elderflower (&lt;i&gt;Sambucus nigra&lt;/i&gt;) water extract (SNE) as a cosmetic material by evaluating its anti-wrinkle, antioxidant, and cytotoxic effects.Methods: We determined the antioxidant effect of SNE by measuring its 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical–scavenging and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity and determined the anti-wrinkle effect of SNE by measuring its elastase inhibition activity. In addition, we assayed the viability of B16-F10 mouse melanoma and CCD-986sk human dermal fibroblast cells in the presence of SNE.Results: SNE showed a DPPH radical–scavenging activity of 77%, 76.4%, and 75.2% at a concentration of 1000, 500, and 250 μg/mL, respectively, and SOD-like activity of 78%, 70%, and 66% at a concentration of 200, 100, and 50 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, 500 μg/mL of SNE exhibited 48% elastase inhibition activity. Furthermore, B16-F10 cells showed a viability of 118%, 115%, and 109% when treated with 200, 100, and 50 μg/mL of SNE, respectively, and CCD-986sk cells showed high cell viability when treated with 200, 100, and 50 μg/mL of SNE.Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that SNE has excellent antioxidant and anti-wrinkle effects, confirming its high applicability as a functional cosmetic material.

Metabolite Profile and Antioxidant Capacity of Centella asiatica Leaves Extract with Different Extraction Methods

Centella asiatica known as pegagan in Indonesia, belongs to the Apiaceae family and is widely used as salad, cosmetics ingredients, and herbal medicine for improving memory. This research aimed to determine the total phenolics content (TPC), antioxidant capacity (AC), and FTIR spectrum of C. asiatica leaves extracts using different extraction methods. C. asiatica extracts were prepared using maceration, reflux, and ultrasonication. The Folin-Ciocalteu method was used to determine TPC, and we found a higher level of TPC when using maceration, about 9,96 ± 0,20 mg GAE g-1 dry powder. Antioxidant capacity from the three extracts was measured using DPPH and FRAP methods. The highest antioxidant capacity using DPPH and FRAP methods was found in C. asiatica leaves extract using maceration with a value of 29,60 ± 0,71 and 14,04 ± 0,38 𝜇mol TE g-1 dry powder, respectively. The FTIR spectrum of each extract indicates the presence of vibration from several functional groups such as O-H, C-H, and C=C, likely from phenolics and C-O. The pattern of FTIR spectrum from the three C. asiatica leaves extracts gives different spectrum profiles and characteristics. Principal component analysis using FTIR spectrum data shows good clustering for each extract with 89% data variability (PC1 77% and PC2 12%). It can be concluded that TPC, AC, and FTIR spectrum profiles are different when using different extraction methods.

Microspheres Based on Blends of Chitosan Derivatives with Carrageenan as Vitamin Carriers in Cosmeceuticals.

Chitosan (CS) has a natural origin and is a biodegradable and biocompatible polymer with many skin-beneficial properties successfully used in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industry. CS derivatives, especially those synthesized via a Schiff base reaction, are very important due to their unique antimicrobial activity. This study demonstrates research results on the use of hydrogel microspheres made of [chitosan-graft-poly(ε-caprolactone)]-blend-(ĸ-carrageenan)], [chitosan-2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde-graft-poly(ε-caprolactone)]-blend-(ĸ-carrageenan), and chitosan-sodium-4-formylbenzene-1,3-disulfonate-graft-poly(ε-caprolactone)]-blend-(ĸ-carrageenan) as innovative vitamin carriers for cosmetic formulation. A permeation study of retinol (vitamin A), L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C), and α-tocopherol (vitamin E) from the cream through a human skin model by the Franz Cell measurement system was presented. The quantitative analysis of the release of the vitamins added to the cream base, through the membrane, imitating human skin, showed a promising profile of its release/penetration, which is promising for the development of a cream with anti-aging properties. Additionally, the antibacterial activity of the polymers from which the microspheres are made allows for the elimination of preservatives and parabens as cosmetic formulation ingredients.

Sodium Dehydroacetate and Dehydroacetic Acid.

The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) first published a safety assessment of Sodium Dehydroacetate and Dehydroacetic Acid in 1985. The Panel previously concluded that Sodium Dehydroacetate and Dehydroacetic Acid are safe as used in the present practices of use and concentration, as stated in that report. Upon re-review in 2003, the Panel reaffirmed the original conclusion, as published in 2006. The Panel reviewed updated frequency and concentration of use data again in 2023, in addition to any newly available, relevant safety data. Considering this information, as well as the information provided in the original safety assessment and the prior re-review document, the Panel reaffirmed the 1985 conclusion.

Evaluation of the Safety of Cosmetic Ingredients and Their Skin Compatibility through In Silico and In Vivo Assessments of a Newly Developed Eye Serum.

The term "risk assessment" is often substituted with "safety assessment", to demonstrate the safe properties of cosmetic ingredients and formulations. With respect to the actual legislative framework, the proper use of in silico evaluation could offer a representative non-animal substitute for the toxicity evaluation of cosmetic ingredients. The in silico assessment needs to be integrated with other lines of proof (in vitro and/or in vivo data) in the form of a complex methodology in order to demonstrate the safety evaluation of cosmetic ingredients/products. The present study aimed to develop and characterize a new cosmetic formulation, designed for the skin care of the periorbital area. Quality control comprising stability, physicochemical, and microbiological evaluation was performed. Another objective of this study was to present a screening model for the safety evaluation of the cosmetic formulation by identifying individual ingredients, and to confirm the skin compatibility based on in vivo evaluation. The results demonstrated the in silico and in vivo safety profile of the cosmetic ingredients used in the present formulation. In silico evaluation, using a novel, specific software applicable for the risk evaluation of ingredients and formulations, showed that the incorporated ingredients were non-mutagenic and non-sensitizing, and considering the margin of safety (MoS), the cosmetic raw materials could be considered safe. Skin compatibility was confirmed by the patch test performed under dermatological control, evidencing the "non-irritating" potential of the developed cosmetic formulation.

Stability of Buriti Oil Microencapsulated in Mixtures of Azuki and Lima Bean Flours with Maltodextrin.

Buriti oil (Mauritia flexuosa L.) is rich in carotenoids, mainly β-carotene, and has great value for application as a food, pharmaceutical, or cosmetic ingredient, as well as a natural pigment. Microencapsulation is a promising technique to protect compounds sensitive to degradation such as β-carotene. Materials composed of carbohydrates and proteins, such as azuki bean (Vigna angularis L.) and lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) flours, are alternative matrices for microencapsulation, which additionally provide good amounts of nutrients. In combination with maltodextrin, the flours represent a protective barrier in stabilizing lipophilic compounds such as buriti oil for subsequent spray drying. In this work, the performance of mixtures of maltodextrin with whole azuki and lima bean flours was evaluated in the microencapsulation of buriti oil. The microcapsules showed good results for solubility (>80%), hygroscopicity (~7%), encapsulation efficiency (43.52 to 51.94%), and carotenoid retention (64.13 to 77.49%.) After 77 days of storage, the microcapsules produced maintained 87.79% and 90.16% of carotenoids, indicating that the powders have high potential for application as encapsulants in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

국내산 곰취(Ligularia fischen) 추출물의 항염증 활성

This study confirmed the anti-inflammatory activities of Ligularia fischeri from Taebaek City, Gangwon-do, using 70% ethanol (LFE). After examining cytotoxicity, the expression values of IL1B, IL6 and TNFA were measured. In addition, the phosphorylation of MAPKinase (ERK, JNK and p38) was analyzed, confirming no significant cytotoxicity in LFE. In LFE 50, 100 and 200 ( / ), both IL1B (0.78±0.10, 0.61±0.10 and ㎍㎖ 0.48±0.19 each) and IL6 (0.63±0.11, 0.54±0.06 and 0.42±0.05 respectively) significantly decreased in terms of gene expression values while TNFA was 0.96±0.08, 0.74±0.08 and 0.71±0.08 each, confirming a significant decrease in 100 / ㎍㎖ or higher levels. In addition, ERK (0.87±0.01, 0.65±0.01 and 0.43±0.01 each) and JNK (0.50±0.16, 0.49±0.17 and 0.48±0.01 respectively) productions decreased accordingly while p38 production was 0.78±0.10, 0.61±0.10 and 0.48±0.19 each in LFE 50, 100 and 200 ( / ), confirming a significant decreas ㎍㎖ e in all levels of concentration. The above results confirmed the anti-inflammatory effects of Ligularia fischeri. It is anticipated that a possibility of Ligularia fischeri as a cosmetic and functional food ingredient could be confirmed through further studies.

Potensi Spirulina Platensis Sebagai Sumber Kosmetik

Spirulina Platensis, a type of blue-green algae, has attracted the attention of the cosmetics industry due to its extraordinary nutritional and antioxidant properties. This microalgae is rich in vitamins, minerals, and amino acids, making it an attractive ingredient for skin care products. Methods used. The qualitative literature review research method is an approach used to collect, evaluate, and synthesize existing studies in the relevant scientific literature. with a specific topic. Based on research results, Spirulina platensis has great potential as a cosmetic ingredient that can provide benefits in caring for and protecting the skin. However, consult a medical professional or esthetician before using products containing Spirulina platensis.