Infrastructure Equipment Research Articles

Informatization of healthcare in the Russian Federation: history and results of development

The first studies and publications devoted to the use of information technologies in the health care of the USSR appeared in the 60s of the last century. Since that time, our country has formed its own scientific school and a market for a wide variety of software products intended for use in medicine and healthcare. Since 2011, a number of major federal projects in the field of healthcare informatization have been implemented, which, in general, made it possible to provide infrastructure and basic equipment, communication channels and software for the lion’s share of medical organizations, connect them into a single secure information network and ensure the exchange and accumulation of data on the work of the health care system of the Russian Federation. The article presents a description of the history of the development of these processes, as well as the current results of informatization of the healthcare industry in Russia.

Recent Progress of Nanogenerators for Green Energy Harvesting: Performance, Applications, and Challenges.

Natural sources of green energy include sunshine, water, biomass, geothermal heat, and wind. These energies are alternate forms of electrical energy that do not rely on fossil fuels. Green energy is environmentally benign, as it avoids the generation of greenhouse gases and pollutants. Various systems and equipment have been utilized to gather natural energy. However, most technologies need a huge amount of infrastructure and expensive equipment in order to power electronic gadgets, smart sensors, and wearable devices. Nanogenerators have recently emerged as an alternative technique for collecting energy from both natural and artificial sources, with significant benefits such as light weight, low-cost production, simple operation, easy signal processing, and low-cost materials. These nanogenerators might power electronic components and wearable devices used in a variety of applications such as telecommunications, the medical sector, the military and automotive industries, and internet of things (IoT) devices. We describe new research on the performance of nanogenerators employing several green energy acquisition processes such as piezoelectric, electromagnetic, thermoelectric, and triboelectric. Furthermore, the materials, applications, challenges, and future prospects of several nanogenerators are discussed.

Disparities in adult critical care resources across Pakistan: findings from a national survey and assessment using a novel scoring system

BackgroundIn response to the COVID-19 pandemic, concerted efforts were made by provincial and federal governments to invest in critical care infrastructure and medical equipment to bridge the gap of resource-limitation in intensive care units (ICUs) across Pakistan. An initial step in creating a plan toward strengthening Pakistan’s baseline critical care capacity was to carry out a needs-assessment within the country to assess gaps and devise strategies for improving the quality of critical care facilities.MethodsTo assess the baseline critical care capacity of Pakistan, we conducted a series of cross-sectional surveys of hospitals providing COVID-19 care across the country. These hospitals were pre-identified by the Health Services Academy (HSA), Pakistan. Surveys were administered via telephonic and on-site interviews and based on a unique checklist for assessing critical care units which was created from the Partners in Health 4S Framework, which is: Space, Staff, Stuff, and Systems. These components were scored, weighted equally, and then ranked into quartiles.ResultsA total of 106 hospitals were surveyed, with the majority being in the public sector (71.7%) and in the metropolitan setting (56.6%). We found infrastructure, staffing, and systems lacking as only 19.8% of hospitals had negative pressure rooms and 44.4% had quarantine facilities for staff. Merely 36.8% of hospitals employed accredited intensivists and 54.8% of hospitals maintained an ideal nurse-to-patient ratio. 31.1% of hospitals did not have a staffing model, while 37.7% of hospitals did not have surge policies. On Chi-square analysis, statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were noted between public and private sectors along with metropolitan versus rural settings in various elements. Almost all ranks showed significant disparity between public–private and metropolitan–rural settings, with private and metropolitan hospitals having a greater proportion in the 1st rank, while public and rural hospitals had a greater proportion in the lower ranks.ConclusionPakistan has an underdeveloped critical care network with significant inequity between public–private and metropolitan–rural strata. We hope for future resource allocation and capacity development projects for critical care in order to reduce these disparities.

What Counts for the Old and Oldest Old?-An Analysis of Patient Criteria for Choosing a Dentist-Part I: Awareness and Selection Criteria, Infrastructure, and Dental Office Equipment.

Utilization of a dentist is influenced by many factors. The aim of this study is to present the factors relating to how patients become aware of a dentist, according to which criteria they select the dentist, and which factors in the infrastructure, equipment of dental offices, and human interactions are important for patients. A telephone survey with 466 participants (female 59.9%) in three age groups (ag 1: 35–50 years, ag 2: 70–84 years, ag 3: >85 years) in three German cities was conducted. Data were analyzed with respect to age, gender, and place of residence. Hardly any differences in the selection of the dentist and the selection criteria applied were found between the sexes, the age groups, or the places of residence. Recommendation seems to be the major aspect regarding how patients become aware of or select their dentist (n = 278, 65.6%), while modern technologies, e.g., the internet, play a subordinate role (n = 31, 7.3%). The unimportance of modern technologies increases significantly with the increase in age. As age increases, factors such as infrastructure (e.g., elevator available (ANOVA p < 0.001; Bonferoni correction: significant differences between ag 1 and ag 2 p < 0.001, ag 1 and ag 3 p < 0.001, and ag 2 and ag 3 p = 0.009); accessibility by wheelchair (ANOVA p < 0.001; Bonferoni correction: significant differences between ag 1 and ag 2 p = 0.006; and ag 1 and ag 3 p < 0.001); etc.) and dental office equipment become significantly important and influence the choice of dentist, while the importance of good parking facilities significantly decreased with age (ANOVA p = 0.003; Bonferoni correction: significant differences between ag 1 and ag 3 p = 0.004, and ag 2 and ag 3 p = 0.023). With increasing age, e.g., the importance of a television in the waiting room (ANOVA p = 0.012; Bonferoni correction: significant differences between ag 1 and ag 3 p = 0.014; and ag 2 and ag 3 p = 0.011), a modern waiting room (ANOVA p < 0.001; Bonferoni correction: significant differences between ag 1 and ag 3 p < 0.001; and ag 2 and ag 3 p < 0.001) or the possibility to visualize the oral situation on a screen decreases significantly (ANOVA p < 0.001; Bonferoni correction: significant differences between ag 1 and ag 2 p < 0.001; ag 1 and ag 3 p < 0.001, and ag 2 and ag 3 p < 0.001). If dentists want to welcome and treat older people, they should adapt the accessibility, infrastructure and equipment of their practice to the needs of older people in order to be able to guarantee continuous lifelong dental care regardless of the need for assistance or care.

Lessons from the frontline: Documenting the pandemic emergency care experience from the Pacific region – Infrastructure and equipment

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic highlighted challenges for all health systems worldwide. This research aimed to explore the impact of COVID-19 across the Pacific especially with regards to emergency care (EC) and clinicians’ preparations and responses.MethodsA collaboration of Australia and Pacific researchers conducted prospective qualitative research over 18 months of the pandemic. In this three phase study data were gathered from Emergency Clinicians and stakeholders through online support forums, in-depth interviews and focus groups. A phenomenological methodological approach was employed to explore the lived experience of participants. This paper discusses the findings of the study regarding the EC building block of ‘Infrastructure and Equipment.’FindingsPre-existing infrastructure and equipment were not sufficient to help control the pandemic. Adequate space and correct equipment were essential needs for Pacific Island emergency clinicians, with donations, procurement and local ingenuity required for suitable, sustainable supplies and facilities. Adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) conferred a sense of security and increased Health Care Workers willingness to attend to patients.InterpretationInvesting in adequate infrastructure and appropriate equipment is crucial for an effective response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The sustainability of such investments in the Pacific context is paramount for ongoing EC and preparation for future surge responses and disasters.FundingPhases 1 and 2A of this study were part of an Epidemic Ethics/World Health Organization (WHO) initiative, supported by Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office/Wellcome Grant 214711/Z/18/Z. Co-funding for this research was received from the Australasian College for Emergency Medicine Foundation via an International Development Fund Grant.

Supporting each other: Pacific emergency care clinicians navigate COVID-19 pandemic challenges through collaboration

Supporting each other: Pacific emergency care clinicians navigate COVID-19 pandemic challenges through collaboration

Implementation of the Treasury Single Account System on Public Financial Management in Nigeria

The objective of the study was to appraise the effect of the implementation of the Treasury Single Account System on Public Financial Management in Nigeria. The survey research design was used and a sample of 246 was selected. Result of the findings revealed that, there is a significant benefit of the implementation of the Treasury Single Account System by Ministries, Departments and Agencies in Nigerian; the implementation of the Treasury Single Account System has positive significant effect on Public Financial Management in Nigeria; there is positive and significant relationship between the implementation of the Treasury Single Account System and Economic Growth and Development in Nigeria and significant challenges are encountered by Nigerian Ministries, Department and Agencies in the Implementation of the Treasury Single Account System. Hence the study recommended that the government should create appropriate enabling environments and legislative supports for the policy to bring about desired success and intended goals. Government should make available infrastructural facilities and technological equipment for the MDAs for effective take-off of the policy in respective locations where it is not yet implemented. Only a properly tailored and monitored TSA policy can achieve its desired purpose and serve as an effective tool in Public fund Management.

Adequacy of Fire Safety Measures of Residential Buildings in Peri-Urban Neighbourhoods of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria

The spate of fire outbreaks and the lack of capacity to mitigate the incidence in most urban areas reflect the violation of physical planning regulations and relevant building codes. In the past two decades, the peri-urban neighbourhoods have witnessed rapid developments as a result of the growing population in these areas. However, the level of compliance of various developments with the provisions of the existing National Fire Safety Code remains unclear. Consequently, an assessment of the adequacy of fire safety provisions vis-à-vis the effectiveness of the fire safety standards in rapidly urbanising communities became imperative. This study examined the adequacy of fire safety measures of residential buildings in peri-urban neighbourhoods of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Relevant studies were reviewed while structured questionnaires were administered to 320 respondents across four towns in Lagelu West Local Council Development Area (LCDA). A total 296 questionnaires were retrieved representing 92.5% rate of response. Responses were analysed with basic descriptive statistic tools. The mean scores were interpreted using cut-off points and results presented in tables and charts. The study found that human activities and attitudes constituted the principal causes of fire incidence and that there is good compliance with passive fire control guidelines in the study area. However, the active fire control systems were grossly deficient in residential buildings. Moreover, lack of active fire control equipment, lack of community fire safety apparatus, and lack of reliable water supply constituted the principal challenges against effective fire control measures facing the neighbourhoods. Whilst filling the gap in literature especially on fire hazards in peri-urban areas, the study recommended the strict compliance with extant fire safety codes by property owners, provision of community fire safety apparatus by the government, residents’ awareness programs on fire safety measures, subsidized active firefighting equipment and improvement of road and water infrastructure, amongst others.

Energy management in the public building sector – ISGE/ISEMIC model

This paper introduces Intelligent Information System for Monitoring and Verification of Energy Management in Cities (ISEMIC) web application that connects processes of gathering data on buildings and their energy and water consumption, monitors consumption indicators, detects any anomalies or irregularities in time, sets energy efficiency targets and reports energy and water consumption savings. ISEMIC enables use of smart meters within an energy management for the first time in the region, along with an analytical part which enables intelligent estimation of energy consumption based on multiple criteria. In the public sector are enormous potential for energy and water savings and thus a large area for ISEMIC web application implementation. ISEMIC web application is developed in July, 2011. Purchase of smart metering equipment and establishment of smart metering infrastructure on institutions of project partners responsible for web application development is in conduction after which a full pilot run will be started. The potential impact of this project is very large and it would be a great example how significant savings can be achieved by systematic energy monitoring and management provided by the use of ISEMIC web application.

Interoperability of Infrastructure and Transportation Information Models: A Public Transport Case Study

The duplication of semantic data modelled in different disciplines poses interoperability challenges. Information models that benefit from the application of standards that enable data reusability and prevent redundancy and misuse should be compatible, particularly when different systems are used in the same domain-specific area, as in the case of public transportation. Transportation information models, leading and providing reliable and robust public transport services, can nowadays be enriched with information found in building information models devoted to transportation infrastructure. Therefore, in the present paper, a mapping between the standards and technical specifications that support each modelling approach is explored, analysed, and aligned to maximise the best out of the current common practices used. The information from the Industry Foundation Classes IFC specification-based models complements the conceptual and physical transportation models, where Transmodel and NeTEx are well-established, with accurate (as-built) detailed characteristics of the transportation infrastructure (stop places, quays, entrances, access spaces and equipment as ramps, staircases, and escalators). The extraction of topological information stored in IFC models allows for navigation-network extraction, information about spaces, and passages between spaces. A specific public transport case study focused on a train station is detailed to better corroborate and illustrate the advantages and uses of compatible and complementing modelling approaches. As building-information-modelling awareness and use is growing, the validated mapping approach can benefit from the future application of automation procedures.

Research on State Monitoring System of Intelligent Disconnecting Switch Based on Sensing Technology

The intelligentization, informationization, and internalization of power system infrastructure equipment are the key technologies to achieve the low-carbon transformation of the power system. To tackle the low degree of intelligence and the internet in the monitoring and early warning of mechanical faults of the disconnecting switch, this paper designs an intelligent monitoring system for the disconnecting switch operation status based on sensing technology. Torque sensors, angle encoders, micro-switches, attitude sensors, and temperature and humidity sensor technology are used to monitor the operation status of the disconnecting switch, and an advanced RISC machine (ARM) embedded terminal system is used as the disconnecting switch status monitoring center. The intelligent monitoring system aims to accurately monitor the temperature and humidity environment in the disconnector operating mechanism box, the opening and closing position state of the disconnector, and the torque angle variation characteristics of the disconnector according to the operating parameters collected by the sensor, while achieving remote real-time state monitoring of the disconnecting switch. The function tests and field tests show that the system performance is stable, and the state information collection, intelligent analysis, and remote monitoring meet the actual needs, which can improve the efficiency of disconnecting switch operation, maintenance, and overhaul, thereby reducing the risk of power grid outages.

A multi-objective optimization model for EVSE deployment at workplaces with smart charging strategies and scheduling policies

This study proposes a multi-objective optimization model to determine the optimal charging infrastructure for a transition to plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) at workplaces. The developed model considers all cost aspects of a workplace charging station, i.e., daily levelized electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) infrastructure cost, PEV energy and demand charges. These single-objective functions are aggregated in a multi-objective optimization framework to find the Pareto optimal solutions. Smart charging strategies with interrupted and uninterrupted power profiles are proposed to maximize the use of EVSE units. The charging behavior model is developed based on collected workplace charging data. The model is tested with various scheduling policies to investigate their impact on the behaviors of EVSE types from different perspectives. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is performed to assess the impacts of battery sizes and onboard charger ratings on cost behavior. It is shown that the proposed model can achieve up to 7.8% and 14.6% cost savings as compared to single-objective optimal models and the current charging practice, respectively. The unit cost is found to be more sensitive to scheduling policies than the charging strategies. It is also found that the flexibility ratio policy gives the best PEV scheduling with the lowest unit cost and the most efficient use of the grid assets.

Covid-related educational policies in action: a system dynamics view

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to adopt a learning-based approach to portray the impact of Covid-19 on state school services in Italy, with a specific focus on the role of street-level bureaucrats and the triggering of co-creative processes.Design/methodology/approachThe study proposes a qualitative system dynamics (or SD) approach describing the implementation of Covid-related educational policies in Italy. An insight model, made of causal loop diagrams, integrates the selected multi-disciplinary literature and institutional sources, secondary data from national and local reports (about Palermo, the fifth largest metropolitan city in Italy) and insights from a panel of school street–level bureaucrats.FindingsThe study provides an insight into the impacts of governmental decisions (school closures and the subsequent need to activate distance learning during the first wave of Covid-19) at a local level. Specifically, it portrays the influences of managerial and professional discretion, infrastructural equipment and socio-economic factors favouring/deterring co-creative educational processes.Practical implicationsThe SD model highlights vicious/virtuous circles in policy implementation and suggests new managerial paths for education, more routed towards public value creation and less attached to bureaucratic procedures and the unquestioning application of performance culture.Originality/valueThe paper proposes an original and holistic approach to dealing with policy making in education and its managerial features. The research findings are considered important, not only to face the current emergency, but also to pro-actively think about the post-Covid era.

Mobile Internet Technology Adoption for Sustainable Agriculture: Evidence from Wheat Farmers

Mobile internet technology (MIT) is considered a significant advancement in information and communication technology (ICT), due to its crucial impact on the financial system and social life. In addition, it is an essential technology to overcome the digital divide between urban and rural areas. In terms of agricultural advancement, MIT can play a key role in data collection and the implementation of smart agricultural technologies. The main objectives of this study were to (i) investigate MIT adoption and use in sustainable agriculture development among selected wheat farmers of Pakistan and (ii) examine the crucial factors influencing MIT adoption. This study selected 628 wheat farmers from four districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province (KPK), Pakistan, for sampling. This study used a bivariate probit method for sampling wheat farmers. The analysis of wheat farmer’s data showed farmer’s age, farm size, farm location, and knowledge about Internet technology (IT) are strongly correlated with MIT adoption in sustainable agriculture development. Results showed on average, 65% of wheat farmers have mobile devices supporting these Internet technologies, and 55% use MIT in agricultural environments. Since the extant research on MIT adoption for agriculture production in Pakistan is sparse, this study helps advance MIT adoption-based studies. These outcomes may draw the attention of decision-makers dealing with IT infrastructure and agricultural equipment who can support farmers adopting MIT.

A 5-Point Listeria Control Plan: A European Perspective

With an aging population and no reduction in Listeria cases, listeriosis is likely to become even more important in Europe, and all potential food industry control measures should be explored. A Listeria 5-point control plan to manage the occurrence of Listeria in high hygiene food manufacturing areas has been developed and trialed in the United Kingdom and Ireland since 2016; it comprises these points: • Prevent entry of Listeria into high hygiene food manufacturing areas using effective barriers. • Ensure that the high hygiene manufacturing infrastructure (building structure, equipment, and utensils) cannot harbor and/or allow the growth of Listeria (Listeria sources). • Ensure that high hygiene good manufacturing practices limit the cross-contamination vectors that can carry Listeria from sources to product or product- contact surfaces. • Design an effective cleaning and disinfection program that will kill or remove any Listeria that has entered the high hygiene area since the previous cleaning program. • Provide an environmental monitoring and microbiological verification sampling program that monitors and verifies Listeria control procedures. This review suggests that the plan develops a team ethos among factory technical, production, engineering, and hygiene functions and that success has been achieved in reducing the prevalence of Listeria in product and the environment.

Assessment on cold chain management system in selected blocks of Purulia district, West Bengal, India

Background: The study was done to assess the status of cold chain point, vaccine storage practice and practice of health workers about immunization activities at cold chain points. The aim was to evaluate the cold chain system in relation to infrastructure, manpower and maintenance of equipment in selected blocks of Purulia district.Methods:It was a cross sectional descriptive study, done at randomly selected sites where vaccines were stored and outreach sessions where immunization services were provided. Five cold chain points were included in the study. Fully structured standardized checklists and questionnaire had been used to collect the data.Results: Only 40% cold chain point (CCP) reported breakdown of cold chain equipment (CCE) in last one year. Ice lined refrigerator (ILR) and deep freezer (DF) were properly placed in 75% of the CCP. All the CCP have displayed contingency plans and latest standard job aids. Vaccines and ice packs were correctly placed. ILR and DF were connected to functional voltage stabilizer. A functional thermometer was placed inside every ILR and DF and twice daily recording of temperature was found in all the CCPs. Record of vaccine wastage was found only in 40% CCPs. CCPs have adequate space for conditioning. No frozen vaccine and vaccine vial beyond expiry date were found in any of the CCPs. All CC handlers had satisfactory knowledge about cold chain management.Conclusions:This study was an effort to assess the status of cold chain points in Purulia district, West Bengal. Overall result was satisfactory, could have been maintained and further improve in future by good supportive supervision practice as a key measure in improvement of cold chain system.

A Portable Posture Monitoring Device for Gymgoers

With unprecedented witness in physical exercises, gyms are high in demand with their infrastructure and best exercise equipment to provide proper fitness to its customers. But incorrect posture is one of the overlooked issues that result in acute or chronic injuries while doing improper exercises. Heavy loads and wrong postures during the exercise are not monitored mostly due to insufficient assessment tools or infrastructure. The gait analysis setup makes it impossible to monitor exercise routines in regular gyms due to the space and expenditure. In this study, a wearable device integrated with multiple accelerometers is designed to monitor posture. This portable device can also deliver proper data for routines like squats, bench press, and deadlifts. Using built-in Bluetooth and Wi-Fi, the data can be tracked in real time. The real-time posture data can provide reliable information to the gym coaches for immediate correction remedy.

The impact of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on emergency and essential surgical care in Gedeo and Sidama zone hospitals: An institutional-based multicenter cross-sectional study

BackgroundCOVID-19 was initially detected in China's Wuhan, the capital of Hubei Province, in December 2019, and has since spread throughout the world, including Ethiopia. Long-term epidemics will overwhelm the capacity of hospitals and the health system as a whole, with dire consequences for the developing world's damaged health systems. Focusing on COVID-19-related activities while continuing to provide essential services such as emergency and essential surgical care is critical not only to maintaining public trust in the health system but also to reducing morbidity and mortality from other illnesses. The goal of this study was to see how COVID-19 affected essential and emergency surgical care in Gedeo and Sidama zone hospitals. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out in ten (10) hospitals in the Gedeo and Sidama zone. The information was gathered with the help of the world health organization (WHO) situational analysis tool for determining emergency and essential surgical care (EESC) capability. Infrastructure, human resources, interventions, and EESC equipment and supplies were used to assess the hospitals' capacity. Result54.3% of the 35 fundamental therapies indicated in the instrument were available before COVID-19 at all sites, while 25.2 percent were available after the COVID-19 pandemic. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a sharing of resources for treatment centers, such as a scarcity of oxygen and anesthesia machines, and emergency surgery was postponed. Before admission, the average distance traveled was 58 km. ConclusionThe COVID-19 pandemic, as well as existing disparities in infrastructure, human resources, service provision, and essential equipment and supplies, reveal significant gaps in hospitals' capacity to provide emergency and essential surgical services and effectively address the growing surgical burden of disease and injury in Gedeo and Sidama zone primary, general, and referral hospitals.

Implications of equipment failure occurring during surgery.

Few formal studies have been performed investigating the frequency of equipment failure during surgery. Surgeons are unable to operate without the plethora of instruments and equipment surrounding them in the operating theatre. As with any mechanical component, instruments and equipment are subject to time- and use-dependent degradation in their performance. Yet no formal requirements exist for the routine inspection or maintenance of instruments. Owing to this lack of information regarding equipment failure we undertook the first investigation of intraoperative equipment malfunction occurring during cardiac surgical procedures. Over a 12-month period cardiac surgeons were required to report equipment malfunction during each procedure. Operating theatre equipment was divided into three categories broadly based on equipment portability and function: group 1, theatre infrastructure and components; group 2, large medical equipment; and group 3, surgical instruments. In a highly significant proportion of operations performed (92%) there was an issue with equipment. The most common issues occurred in group 3 with fine surgical instrument malfunctions; most commonly worn-out needle holders and blunt scissors. Theatre infrastructure and large medical equipment failures (groups 1 and 2) resulted in the cancellation of four cases. Some intraoperative instrument failures were potentially catastrophic. The incidence of equipment failure during cardiac surgery is unacceptably high. In some instances, cases were cancelled and revenue lost owing to equipment malfunction. A balance between the safety and quality of equipment and cost effectiveness is required. These findings suggest that surgical instruments warrant an annual compulsory inspection.

A literature study on the disruption risk in cold chain logistics of fresh food e-commerce enterprises with pre-warehouse

China's fresh food e-commerce market developed rapidly in 2020, with the scale of the fresh food e-commerce industry reaching 458.49 billion yuan, an increase of 64.0% from 2019. In this context, the fresh food e-commerce front-end warehouse operation model has attracted much attention in China's social capital market due to its high profitability, high repurchase rate and high consumer loyalty, and commercial giants have entered the investment, which has promoted the rapid development of the front-end warehouse model fresh food e-commerce. However, there are still many factors that hinder the healthy development of the cold chain logistics industry, mainly in the uneven professional quality of practitioners, imperfect cold storage, refrigerated vehicles and other cold chain infrastructure equipment, high fresh loss rate in distribution and transportation, and the difficulty of realizing the whole cold chain. Therefore, it is necessary to study the literature related to the disruption risk in the cold chain logistics of fresh e-commerce front-end warehouses, which will have a positive impact on promoting the healthy and long-term development of the fresh e-commerce industry and the cold chain logistics industry.