Injection molding is the most common method for manufacturing plastic products. However, products made by injection molding often exhibit various molding defects. One major contributing factor to these defects is mold temperature, especially at the cavity section where the resin enters. In our laboratory’s research, the feasibility of measuring the cavity temperature using non-contact thermometers by making simple modifications around the mold cavity area was investigated. It was also examined whether it is possible to distinguish between normal and defective molded products—specifically those with short shots—based on this temperature data. Analyzing data from predefined temperature measurement points raises concerns about significantly increased computation times. For remote monitoring applications, it is necessary to reduce the number of measurement points to decrease data volume. In this paper, an attempt is made to reduce the number of measurement points used in analysis by selecting items with an orthogonal array. As a result, the number of measurement points for analysis was reduced by 55%, thereby decreasing computation time and achieving favorable results for implementing a remote monitoring system equipped with defect detection functionality, which is reported here.

IntroductionThe calibration of infrared thermometers (IRTs) in the frozen food industry is hindered by condensation on temperature reference sources in subzero environments, resulting in significant measurement errors and uncertainty.MethodsThis study investigated a novel closed-cylinder pneumatic calibration system designed to eliminate condensation using a controlled argon gas purge. The effects of gas pressure, flow rate, and measurement distance (operationalized as tube lengths of 30 cm, 50 cm, and 100 cm) on calibration accuracy were systematically evaluated.ResultsAt a chamber temperature of –15 °C, the introduction of argon at 2 kg/cm2 and 25 L/min effectively prevented ice formation on the calibration target. The system yielded expanded uncertainties ranging from 0.62 °C to 0.74 °C across all temperature set points. The shortest tube length (30 cm) provided the highest precision with minimal correction required, while 50 cm offered a reliable alternative with slightly increased uncertainty. The 100 cm tube introduced greater variability due to an increased spot size and spatial non-uniformity.DiscussionThe results demonstrate that the sealed calibration system enables accurate and reproducible IRT calibration under subzero conditions, particularly at shorter distances. This solution is especially relevant for applications in frozen food logistics, where precision temperature monitoring is essential for product safety and quality assurance.

Dual-modal aptamer/CRISPR-Cas12a biosensor with Fe-C-N@Au nanozyme for simultaneous detection of azithromycin and macrolide resistance genes and degradation of azithromycin.

Non-contact optical thermometer has been propelled to the frontiers of research due to its non-invasive operation, high thermal sensitivity, and fast response. Herein, a novel, to our knowledge, class of Pr3+-doped Bi4(SiO4)3 (BSO) phosphors was developed to achieve advancing fluorescent ratiometric thermometry: having a maximum relative sensitivity (Sr) of ~3.54% K-1 at 298 K, and sustaining an entire Sr value beyond 1.59% K-1 over the range of 298-468 K. The intriguing peak overlaps among Pr3+ intra-4f emissions and BSO host emission (i.e., Bi3+ 3P1 → 1S0), as well as the involved energy transfer (ET) mechanisms, were clearly distinguished for the BSO:Pr3+ system. A temperature-stimulated ET from the BSO host to Pr3+ ions was proved with greatly enhancing the entire emission intensities of Pr3+ to 318.19% at 428 K relative to the initial value at 298 K, and in reverse reducing that of the BSO host to 10.54% versus the case at 298 K. Such a rapid changing mode of fluorescent intensity ratio of intra-4f emissions over host emission will strategically develop the desired wide-range high-temperature luminescent thermometers.

The purpose of this study was to describe a new technique for rapid extensive dehydration of corneal allogeneic intrastromal ring segments (CAIRSs) using thermal energy conduction to facilitate implantation. Donor corneas were trephined into annular stromal rings, halved, and placed into a titanium mold with a semicircular recess. The mold was positioned on a sterile polyethylene drape covering a USB-powered cup heater with a tempered glass surface (Tangxi, Guangzhou, China, set to 55°C). Segments were covered with a 1 oz plastic medicine cup (Amsino International, Pomona, CA) for 5 minutes, after which their temperature was monitored using a laser thermometer and found to be 47.5 ± 0.8°C. Resulting segments were rigid and maintained their arc shape, allowing for forceps-only insertion into femtosecond laser-created stromal tunnels. Insertion time (from tunnel creation to segment ironing) was measured through surgical video. Segment dimensions were assessed using optical coherence tomography at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months. Four dehydrated segments underwent histopathologic analysis. A total of 33 eyes from 29 patients underwent single-segment CAIRS implantation using the thermal dehydration technique. The mean combined insertion and repositioning time was 86 ± 19 seconds. Optical coherence tomography showed segment thickness and width of 498 ± 72 μm and 1119 ± 175 μm at 1 week, and 443 ± 67 μm and 1292 ± 220 μm at 3 months. Histopathology revealed preserved stromal architecture without evidence of thermal damage. Controlled thermal energy conduction significantly reduces CAIRS dehydration time and simplifies insertion, enhancing surgical efficiency while preserving tissue integrity.

The cooling sensation imparted by topical rinse-off formulations, such as facial cleansers, represents a critical sensorial attribute influencing consumer perception and product acceptability. Despite its subjective nature, this effect can be objectively quantified using non-invasive tools such as infrared (IR) thermography and non-contact infrared thermometry. The aim was to develop and internally standardize a reproducible methodology for assessing the immediate cooling effect of rinse-off facial products using IR thermal imaging and non-contact infrared temperature measurement. An exploratory, non-randomized, open-label, crossover evaluation was conducted on 20 healthy male volunteers (aged 22-40 years). Each participant underwent facial skin temperature assessments at three predefined time points: baseline (resting state), post-exercise (to elevate skin temperature physiologically), and immediately after facial cleansing. The test arm involved application of a commercial rinse-off face wash, while the control arm followed cleansing with water only. Facial skin surface temperature was recorded using both a high-resolution IR thermographic camera and a point-based non-contact infrared thermometer. A statistically significant reduction in mean facial skin temperature was observed post-exercise in both the test and control arms, suggesting localized evaporative cooling. Following product application, the test arm demonstrated a more pronounced decrease in temperature compared to the control. Notably, IR thermography captured broader, region-specific thermal variations and greater magnitude of change than non-contact thermometry, which registered only minor point-specific differences. The findings support the feasibility and sensitivity of infrared thermography as a robust, objective technique for evaluating the immediate cooling effects of rinse-off cosmetic products. This internally standardized method may be reliably applied in future clinical research to substantiate thermoregulatory or sensorial efficacy claims associated with topical formulations. Specifically, its application may aid in the comparative assessment of novel cooling agents, guide formulation optimization, and support regulatory submissions or marketing claims related to cooling efficacy in both dermatological and cosmetic product development.

The development of energy-efficient, mobile dryers using biomass fuel remains a challenge, particularly for rural agricultural applications. This study experimentally evaluates the energy performance of a mobile drying furnace fueled by sawdust, focusing on the effects of fuel feeder rotational speed (25, 30, and 35 rpm). Key performance metrics include temperature distribution, fuel consumption rate, thermal efficiency, and energy balance. The furnace is equipped with a screw conveyor, combustion chamber, and heat exchanger, with temperature monitored via IR thermometers. The highest thermal efficiency of 37.64% was achieved at 25 rpm, with a fuel consumption rate of 4.25 kg/h and total energy output of 110,144 kJ. At 35 rpm, energy output peaked at 188,369.12 kJ, but efficiency declined to 22.41% due to incomplete combustion. All settings-maintained outlet air temperatures between 43.08–46.08°C, suitable for grain drying. Energy balance analysis revealed that 80.92% of total input energy was transferred to the drying chamber at 35 rpm. These findings suggest that moderate feeding speeds (25–30 rpm) offer the best trade-off between efficiency and energy delivery, confirming the potential of mobile, sawdust-fueled systems for sustainable drying in off-grid settings.

Investigating how plants respond to water stress is extremely important for effective irrigation management under changing climatic conditions and diminishing water resources. This study aimed to determine the plant water stress index (CWSI) values of sesame grown in semiarid climate conditions in Antalya province. In the study, the leaf crown temperature of the plant was determined by infrared thermometer (IRT) measurements. In addition, the relationships between yield, irrigation time and CWSI were determined using these index values. In this study, four different irrigation rates (I100, I70, I40 and I0) were created with subsurface drip irrigation method established at 40 cm lateral depths. Thus, full irrigation (I100), irrigation at two different stress levels (I70 and I40) and no irrigation (I0) were included. In the research, a total of 266 mm and 248 mm of irrigation water were given in the first and subsequent years, respectively, under I100 (control) irrigation. Plant water consumption values of control subjects were determined as 288 mm in the first year and 273 mm in the second year. In the mentioned irrigation, the yield per hectare was determined as 1840 kg in the first year and 1800 kg in the second year of the research. By combining the data from the first and second years of the study, the lower limit (LL) values for the case without water stress were calculated with the equation Tc-Ta= 4.67-2.43VPD (r2=0.86, P

Rectal temperature measurement in cats, while crucial, can cause discomfort and stress. This study evaluated non-contact infrared thermometry as a less invasive alternative. A total of 95 cats were enrolled in this study. The cats were categorized into three age groups: Group I (n = 20 kittens, 2-6 months), Group II (n = 34 young cats, 7-24 months), and Group III (n = 41 adult cats, >24 months). The mean rectal temperature in cats was approximately 38 °C, which was significantly higher than both ocular temperature (p < 0.0001) and auricular pinna temperature (p < 0001). No statistically significant difference was found between rectal and perineal temperatures, nor in body temperatures between the age groups. Ocular temperature (p < 0.05) and auricular temperature (p < 0.0001) were influenced by ambient temperature. Perineal infrared temperatures showed a strong correlation and low bias compared to rectal temperature and were not affected by ambient temperature. Non-contact infrared thermometry offers advantages for feline temperature monitoring. Perineal infrared temperatures appear to be a useful, non-invasive alternative to rectal measurements in cats.

Abstract A simple and instructive experiment on the pyroelectric coefficient measurement is presented for higher/university education. It consists of the simultaneous temperature and voltage measurement during ferroelectric ceramic heating. Instrumentation based on an IR thermometer and an electrostatic voltmeter is used for the experiment on several types of commercial PZT ceramics. The measured values of the pyroelectric coefficients for PZT ceramics span from 591 μC/m2K (NCE41), 709 μC/m2K (NCE51), 824 μC/m2K (NCE55), up to 1164 μC/m2K (NCE80). A practically realizable measurement method further complements the understanding of theoretical issues of pyroelectricity in physics classes.

Achieving optimal implant site preparation is crucial for successful osseointegration, particularly in low-density bone. Excessive heat generation during drilling can compromise bone vitality, leading to impaired healing, delayed osseointegration or implant failure. This study evaluates the effects of an oscillatory drilling technique on bone densification, heat generation, and implant stability. An in vitro study was conducted using pig rib segments to simulate low-density bone. Drilling protocols were performed usin three techniques: clockwise cutting (CW), counterclockwise densifying (CC), and oscillatory movement (OM) at 60° clockwise/240° counterclockwise. Drilling was performed with automated handpiece handling under controlled conditions. Thermal changes were recorded using a laser thermometer and infrared imaging, and bone densification was assessed using micro-CT analysis. The final insertion torque (IT) was measured to determine the primary stability and removal torque was recorded to access the stability loss for each implant. The CC and OM groups demonstrated significantly higher bone volume, intersection surface, and reduced trabecular separation compared to the CW group (p < 0.05). Although the CC group exhibited the highest temperature increase, all final temperatures remained below the critical threshold of 47°C. Infrared imaging showed overall less heat retained within the body of the drill in CW group compared to CC and OM. OM drills exhibited lower heat generation than the CC group with temperature peak approximately 5 mm above the drill tip. The OM and CC groups showed significantly higher IT than the CW group (p < 0.05). Implant removal revealed a stability reduction of 27.8±10.2%, 24.8±13.6%, and 20.2±8.2% for CW, CC and OM groups, respectively (p > 0.05). Oscillatory movement during implant site preparation enhanced bone densification, improved primary stability, and maintained safe thermal levels. These findings suggest that oscillatory movement could serve as a promising alternative to conventional drilling techniques, particularly in low-density bone. Further studies are needed to explore its clinical applicability and long-term outcomes.

Background:Close monitoring and heated irrigation fluids have been frequently used to avoid hypothermia and associated complications during hip arthroscopic surgery. Saline fluids are used extensively in hip arthroscopic surgery, but they are routinely stored at room temperature and are cooler than the patient's core temperature.Purpose:To investigate the efficacy of heated irrigation fluids to prevent hypothermia during hip arthroscopic surgery and whether the core temperature measured rectally during hip arthroscopic surgery differs from the core temperature measured at the temporal region.Study Design:Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 2.Methods:Patients who underwent hip arthroscopic surgery for the treatment of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome between 2021 and 2023 were prospectively enrolled and divided into 2 groups: those whose irrigation fluids were stored at room temperature (group 1) and those whose irrigation fluids were heated to 36°C to 38°C (group 2). A probe inserted in the rectal mucosa was used to measure the patient's body temperature every 15 minutes. The patient's temperature was also measured at the temporal region with a laser thermometer. A body temperature <36°C, detected by either method, was considered as hypothermia. The method that detected hypothermia more quickly was investigated, and the effect of the heated irrigation fluids was explored. Statistical analyses were conducted to compare temperature measurements and the incidence of hypothermia between the groups using appropriate tests for categorical and continuous variables based on the data distribution.Results:There were 60 patients randomized and allocated to group 1 and 56 patients to group 2. Hypothermia, defined as a temperature <36°C, occurred in 32 patients (53.3%) in group 1 and 24 patients (42.9%) in group 2. There was no difference between the groups using heated or room-temperature fluids in the onset of hypothermia (P = .425). Significantly more hypothermia cases were detected by the rectal temperature measurement than by the temporal temperature measurement (54 vs 2 patients, respectively; P < .001). The rectal temperature measurement was also quicker in detecting hypothermia (69.6 ± 47.2 vs 138.2 ± 56.8 minutes, respectively; P < .001).Conclusion:This study demonstrates that the usage of either room-temperature or heated irrigation fluids did not influence the incidence of hypothermia. Rectal measurements of core body temperature detected hypothermia earlier during hip arthroscopic surgery.Registration:NCT05396924 (ClinicalTrials.gov)

Background: This study aimed to assess the degree of agreement between the temperature readings of a glass mercury thermometer (GMT), a digital thermometer (DT) and an infrared thermometer (IR) in paediatric patients. This was a comparative study conducted at a tertiary institution in Nnewi, Anambra State, Southeast Nigeria. One hundred febrile children &lt;5 years of age were recruited via convenience sampling. Methods: Temperatures were measured via an axillary GMT, an axillary DT and a noncontact forehead IR thermometer. Data were compared among the three methods via a 2×2 contingency table, receiver operating curve (ROC) and Bland Altman plot with GMT as the standard. Results: There was a greater significant correlation between GMT and DT (r=0.901, p=0.001) than between GMT and IR (r=0.695, p=0.001). Bland Altman plots revealed that IR and DT could be used interchangeably with GMT with an arithmetic mean of 1.1°C, confidence interval of 0.9359 to 1.1581, limits of agreement of -0.1–2.1 (37.4°C–39.6°C), p&lt;0.001, outliers 3% at 1.96 SD and arithmetic mean of -0.1°C, confidence interval of -0.1337-0.00427, limits of agreement of -0.7–0.5 (36.8°C–38.0°C), p=0.037 and outliers 4% at 1.96 SD with GMT as the standard against IR and DT, respectively. The area under the receiver operator curve values were 0.811 and 0.923 for GMT versus IR and GMT versus DT, respectively. Conclusions: Digital and infrared temperature readings are in reasonable agreement with a glass mercury thermometer and both can be used interchangeably with a glass mercury thermometer. Compared with infrared thermometers, digital thermometers are more closely related to glass mercury thermometers.

Development of a size-of-source effect measurement system for IR thermometers without water-cooling aperture

This research evaluated the thermal response to semen collection in rabbits using infra-red thermography in the eyeball, pinna, and nose, alongside measurements from an infra-red forehead thermometer on the pinna. In the first experiment, 20 rabbits were divided into control and stressed groups. Basal temperatures were recorded at minutes 0, 1, 5, and 10, with semen collected at minute 0 for the stressed group. The stressed group showed a temperature rise in the eyeball at minute 5 (37.80 °C vs. 37.58 °C; p = 92%), but no in the nose or pinna (p < 90%). The thermometer provided results consistent with IRT for the pinna. In the second experiment, 40 rabbits underwent temperature monitoring over 30 min, with semen collection at minute 0. Rabbits were then divided into single- and double-stressed groups. For the double-stressed group, a second semen collection occurred at minute 30, with measurements until 90 min. Eyeball temperatures rose between minutes 0 and 1 (36.37 °C–36.61 °C; p = 99%) and stabilised by minute 30 (p = 94%). A second reaction to semen collection was observed between minutes 30 and 40 (p = 93%), but baseline temperatures were not restored. In the pinna and nose, thermal reactions were identified within the first 15 min (p > 99%) but also failed to stabilise. These findings confirm that semen collection induces stress, with the eyeball providing the fastest and most stable thermal response. Infra-red thermography is a reliable, non-invasive monitoring tool, and infra-red thermometers offer a cost-effective alternative for the pinna.

Stay Left, Shift Left -10x (SL2-10X) is a new Digital Health paradigm which seeks to introduce digital and technology innovations which deliver 10X benefits to healthcare in hospitals and move healthcare towards the Home. This case features the adoption of Trimedika Tritemp non contact infrared thermometer demonstrating 10X benefits in the hospital and home settings. There has been little innovation in Thermometry in years until the introduction of the TriTemp thermometer, development of which was stimulated by the need to avoid disturbing patients during sleep to have their temperature taken. Tritemp delivers 10X benefits across all four dimensions of the quadruple aim, reducing infection risk, improving nursing productivity, improving accuracy, eliminating plastic consumables whilst offering less disruption for the patient and delivering a case for system wide adoption. As an end-of-life-carer for her sister she experienced the distress caused by contact thermometers and developed a hospital grade non-contact thermometer for critical patients especially in neonatal, paediatric, oncology, renal and surgical wards to minimise infection risk. This paper was prepared to assess the overall impact of implementing the TriTemp non-contact thermometer into hospitals on costs, healthcare professionals time, infection risk for patients, and sustainability. First challenge was how to introduce an improved new device into the daily workflow and Tritemp delivered improvements in economic, environmental, and social sustainability. This challenge was overcome by building working partnerships with clinical engineering and medical teams with a shared goal of improving efficiencies and sustainability, enhancing clinical and patient experiences and delivering cost savings. Sustainability Consumable plastic waste costs are high for contact thermometers and goes against HSE’s commitment to sustainability. (HSE Sustainable Development report 2018/19). A 900-bed hospital uses around 2-3 million plastic probe covers/year, equivalent to 6 commercial skips of plastic waste. Tritemp breakages were negligible (&lt;0.5%) compared with 10 contact thermometers breakages/week. Costs Each plastic probe cover cost 5c and a hospital taking 2 million readings per year saves €100,000 on plastic consumables. TriTemp was rolled out across 200 locations in Ireland with 10x cost savings to healthcare sites when costs doubled due to an international shortage of materials. Staff Time A nurse takes 6 minutes for temperature reading with contact thermometers compared to 1 minute (6 X improvement) with TriTemp, giving nurses back time to care. One hospital reported a saving of 500 Engineering hours for the first years use of TriTemp due to minimal maintenance and robustness of the device. Overall results showed a saving of 16 Nurse FTEs and 1.58 Engineer FTEs /yr for an 800 bed hospital. Patient Comfort Results indicated 80% of Nurses agreed that TriTemp was more comfortable for the patients and a Nurse user satisfaction score of 91%. Conclusions TRITEMP™ is a precision-engineered tool, designed to positively impact and better manage infection spread across healthcare. Future developments include a connected non-contact TriTemp enabling rapid transfer of data to the patient record via BLE. The results show 10x cost savings and can improve the lives of patients and nurses helping hospitals, healthcare systems and the planet.

Abstract The facilities where the livestock carry their production cycle must have as their main characteristic the control of the influence of variation of environmental factors on the animals, which can be controlled through the use of different ventilation systems. In this way, the objective of this research was to evaluate the influence of different conditioning systems in the swine farrowing house. Three treatments were tested in a farrowing house located in Parana, Brazil: refrigerated ventilation (T1), forced ventilation (T2) and natural ventilation (T3), on 12 females with 11 piglets each. The climatic parameters evaluated were temperature, velocity and relative humidity of the air. For the females were analysed the parameters: surface temperature (laser thermometer and thermal image), average weight and feed conversion at the end of lactation; and for the piglets: surface temperature (thermal image), average weight and weekly feed conversion. The data were interpreted statistically by analysis of variance and Tukey’s test with 5% probability of error, using the program SAS (2008). The use of the refrigerated ventilation system decreased the temperature of the air and the superficial temperature of the females, without affecting the comfort of the piglets. There was no difference in the productive indexes of the animals, thus other aspects of the production chain could be explored to reflect a higher financial gain.

The research was aimed at enhancing the thermal performance of a modified engine block of the ICE of motorcycle to increase heat flow to the ambience. The internal combustion engine is a self-propelled system capable of converting chemical energy to huge amount of heat and mechanical energy, therefore to regulate this enormorse value of energy, design and development of a thermally effective and efficient component is critical to prolong the engine life and assures smooth functionality. The design of the internal combustion motorcycle engine heat sinks generally direct effort to increase heat flux to the ambience – this was carried out by augmenting the surface area and geometry of the experimental sample of an identified engine block (Errand 125-CT) motorcycle engine block (lower block). Three samples of the lower block were used to accomplish the experiments objectives. The horizontal projecting straight rectangular fin were ground inward normal to the vertical cylindrical wall through a perimeter of 35.2cm each for a number of the rectangular fins less the topmost and bottommost fins. The grinding was carried out for samples B and C through a depth of 1.5 and 3.0mm except for samples A which is the original (control) sample. Drilling machine was used to create holes of diameter 4.01mm in a vertical orientation on the horizontally projecting rectangular fins. A number of 0, 60 and 120 pin fins were pushed/hammered vertically into the drilled holes to manipulate both surface the surface area and fin geometry. The sample A, B and C were placed for ten minutes each in an electric klin till the pyrometer (IR thermometer) indicates a temperature of 100 ℃. The top and bottom cylinder core were covered with the aid of a wooden slab of diameter 5.18cm before placing them in the axial air flow facility at the air speed of 0 ,10 and 20m/s in turn. A digital stop watch and pyrometer were used to note the time for the samples to cool from 80 to 300C in an axial air pumping machine at varied velocity field. Sample A, B and C has a total of 0 ,60 and 120 number pin fins respectively each sample has mass of approximately 1160.02 grammes. From observation sample C, took a period of 529.9, 663 and 2308 seconds to cool from 80 to 300C in a velocity field of 20, 10 and 0m/s respectively. Sample B, took a period of 558.0, 680 and 2363 seconds to cool from 80 to 300 C respectively. Sample A (zero pin fins) took a period of 586, 703 and 2439.2 seconds to cool from 80 to 300 C respectively at an air velocity of 20 ,10 and 0m/s respectively. Two parameters, including thermal effectiveness and efficiency were applied to evaluate the fin performance as a ratio of the original fin (control sample) the effectiveness of modified pin fin samples at 20m/s for sample A, B and C indicated 1.000, 1.0322 and 1.0610 for effectiveness; 1.000, 1.087 and 1.1576 for efficiency ratio in the same order. Therefore, an increased pin number and air velocity clearly improve the thermal performance of air-cooled engines.

Introduction. The specific object of osteopathic physician’s work is somatic dysfunction (SD). It is generally accepted, based on the basic concepts of anatomy and physiology, to distinguish three components in SD: biomechanical, hydrodynamic and neurodynamic. These disturbances in the body can be defined at different levels — local, regional and global. However, there are very few studies aimed at objectifying SD, revealing the pathophysiological mechanisms of their formation, and substantiating the separation of disorders at different levels. Recently, the notion of «non-infectious epidemic» in relation to dorsopathies and related pain syndromes has been heard. At the same time, despite the variety of diagnostic methods, a multitude of existing drugs and conventional medicine techniques, as well as advances in the field of spinal neurosurgery, many issues of treatment and rehabilitation of patients with neurological manifestations of degenerative spinal diseases remain unresolved.The aim of the study: to compare local temperature indices in areas of local and regional SD in patients with cervical dorsopathy.Materials and methods. In the cross-sectional study, 462 patients diagnosed with cervical spine dorsopathy were examined. All patients were assessed for osteopathic status based on clinical guidelines. Local temperature was also measured using a portable infrared thermometer along the posterior surface of the neck with calculation of mean values and thermoasymmetry.Results. The vast majority of the examined patients — 408 (88 per 100 examined) were diagnosed with regional biomechanical disorders: regions of the thoracic and pelvis, structural and visceral components; regions of the dura mater, neck, structural component. SDs of local level were detected in all examined patients. The most frequently identified dysfunctions were: spinal motor segments (SMS) of the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine, visceral, individual sutures of the skull, joints of the lower extremities. Patients with regional biomechanical disturbance at the neck level are characterized by statistically significantly (p&lt;0,05) lower average temperature values in this area compared to patients with local dysfunctions and without dysfunctions of this area. From the physiological point of view it is more important not just average temperature indices in this or that area, but the presence of functionally significant (&gt;0,4 °C) thermoasymmetry. It turned out that in patients with regional SD (neck region, structural component) the values of thermoasymmetry are statistically significantly higher (p&lt;0,05) compared to patients without SD or with local SD at the neck level.Conclusion. According to the results of local infrared thermometry in the area of regional biomechanical disturbance at the neck level, patients with dorsopathy have a decrease in local temperature, as well as the presence of functionally significant (&gt;0,4 °С) thermoasymmetry in comparison with patients in whom at this level either local level SDs were diagnosed or no dysfunction was detected at all. The obtained data allow us to speak about the validity of differentiation of dysfunctions of different levels, as well as objectify the hydrodynamic component of SD.

Modern infrared thermometers are designed to measure the temperature of objects with an emissivity from 0.1 to 1.0. However, when approving the type, checking or calibrating infrared thermometers, metrological characteristics are determined only when the emissivity is close to one. It is impossible to perform objective control at other emissivity values due to the lack of necessary standards. The paper describes an optical method for correcting the emissivity of black body models. The method is based on the use of the properties of reflection and refraction of light at homogeneous flat interfaces of media. Viewing windows made of optical glass of the KI brand, calcium fluoride of the FC-I brand and potassium bromide are used as media separators. The possibility of reducing the emissivity of a black body to ≈ (0.5…0.6) is theoretically justified and experimentally confirmed. The additional temperature reproduction error, depending on the temperature and the material of the viewing windows, does not exceed 2.0…4.7 °C. The optical method of emissivity correction can be used to: improve reference models of a black body; calibrate infrared thermometers with an established emissivity of less than 0.99; verify algorithms for accounting for the emissivity of an object implemented in verifiable pyrometers.