Phytochemical characterization and toxicological evaluation of Myrciaria pilosa leaf essential oil using experimental and computational strategies.

South Korea has positioned hydrogen and carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) as key technological pillars of its 2050 carbon neutrality strategy. Despite sustained and ambitious policy intervention, however, empirical evidence on how policy interventions have reshaped public R&D portfolios and early industrial diffusion remains limited. This study examines hydrogen and CCUS in South Korea through a policy−R&D−industrial diffusion framework, focusing on policy sequencing and institutional design. The analysis combines qualitative content analysis with project-level R&D data from the National Science and Technology Information Service (NTIS) and interrupted time series analysis to identify policy-induced structural breaks, while industrial diffusion is assessed using deployment indicators such as hydrogen vehicles, hydrogen refueling stations, and large-scale (>100,000 tons/year) CCUS projects. The results indicate a clear divergence in policy outcomes between the two sectors. Hydrogen policy interventions rapidly shifted public R&D toward utilization and industry-oriented development stages and were accompanied by a sharp increase in public R&D expenditures, thereby accelerating deployment. By contrast, CCUS experienced fragmented R&D adjustments, continued public-sector dominance, and limited large-scale demonstration. These findings highlight that while policy-driven, mission-oriented innovation pathways can mobilize R&D and early markets, their effectiveness depends on timely legal frameworks, the institutional coherence of the policy framework, and market-supporting infrastructure. In the case of CCUS, delayed legal institutionalization has constrained the transition from public R&D accumulation to industrial-scale deployment, highlighting the need for stronger regulatory clarity, market-creation instruments, and supporting data infrastructures. • Green innovation follows a policy-driven, top-down pathway in South Korea. • Study links policy, R&D, and industry using legislative and project-level data. • Hydrogen policy synchronization accelerated market-oriented R&D and deployment. • Delayed CCUS legislation caused policy lags and fragmented R&D trajectories. • Innovation requires timely legal frameworks and supportive market environments.

Textual spatial correlation quantifies the degree of association between knowledge described in text and specific geographic spaces. For example, the statement ‘the nutria is an invasive species’ is valid only in certain regions. In geographic information science, measuring textual spatial correlation is not only a fundamental prerequisite for spatiotemporal computing, but also a cornerstone for high-precision geo-artificial intelligence applications. To address the limitations of annotation dependency and low computational efficiency in the existing methods, this study proposed a Spatial Correlation Index and corresponding calculation method. This method fully leverages implicit spatial knowledge from a large-scale knowledge base and through a semantic-matching mechanism, enabling the efficient calculation of textual spatial correlation. The effectiveness of the method was evaluated based on the spatial correlation calculations of textual data and entities in a knowledge graph. Results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves performance comparable to few-shot prompted GPT-4.1 and DeepSeek-V3, while outperforming their zero-shot counterparts, with average F1-score improvements of 18.65% and 27.27%, respectively. Meanwhile, the proposed method reduces the average calculation time by 77.37% and 77.74%, respectively. This study achieved a breakthrough in efficiently measuring textual spatial correlations, thereby providing an essential technical foundation for spatial-related intelligent computing.

ABSTRACT Visual arts within Indigenous communities function as sites of cultural continuity, identity formation, and intergenerational knowledge transmission. Yet within information science, research examining the information behaviours of Māori and Pasifika visual artists remains absent. This study identifies and analyses that absence through a structured literature review approach informed by grounded theory principles. Initial iterative searches combining ‘Māori visual artists’ and ‘Pasifika visual artists’ with ‘information behaviour’ yielded no results across major academic databases. Rather than concluding at that point, the scope was broadened to examine scholarship on visual artists and information behaviour. Through iterative searching, screening, and grounded coding of twelve sources, four thematic categories emerged: media and resources; art as inquiry; relational collaboration; and personal reflection and experience. Browsing appeared as the most distributed and frequently referenced information behaviour, challenging deficit framings that privilege linear, database-centred retrieval. Recurring evaluative codes, including ‘illiterate’ and expectations regarding the ‘correct’ use of libraries, revealed institutional hierarchies within Library and Information Science (LIS) discourse. By documenting structural absence and analysing scholarship, this review contributes to information behaviour theory by supporting nonlinear, relational, and generative epistemologies. It establishes a conceptual foundation for future research centring Māori and Pasifika visual artists within culturally grounded frameworks.

Controlling excited-state relaxation processes is important in a variety of photochemical and photophysical processes, including the generation of ground- and excited-state spin polarization for quantum information science applications. Here, we address how specific static distortions, based on vibrational spin-orbit active modes at C2v symmetry determined by group theory, in a series of low-symmetry ligand-to-ligand charge transfer complexes enable direct spin-orbit coupling contributions to T1 → S0 excited-state decay. These results are used to address spin-vibronic coupling contributions to T1 → S0 decay in a high-symmetry (tBu2bpy)Pt(S,S) (tBu2bpy = 4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine and S,S = benzene-1,2-dithiolate) ligand-to-ligand charge transfer complex with effective C2v symmetry, where T1 relaxation is both spin- and orbitally forbidden due to the direct spin-orbit coupling matrix element being zero by symmetry. Low-frequency vibrations that involve a pyridine-pyridine twisting motion within the bpy ligand generate large ∂⟨S0|HSO|T1⟩/∂Qi values that will contribute significantly to T1 → S0 relaxation. The work advances ligand design strategies for the generation of tailored T1 → S0 relaxation rates, which can be utilized to optimize the generation of electron spin polarization and excited state decay processes in radical-elaborated ligand-to-ligand charge transfer complexes.

ABSTRACT Universities increasingly foreground institutional research (IR) dashboards to steer ‘student success’ agendas, yet much of the library’s contribution operates through relationships that IR cannot readily capture. As a result, the library’s engagement with IR efforts remains underexplored in library and information science scholarship. Drawing on descriptive survey data from 66 academic librarians and library administrators, together with nine semi-structured interviews conducted across the California State University system, this study examines how library resources are allocated at course level and whether IR data inform those decisions. Findings indicate that librarians rely far more on local relationships, timing within the academic calendar and instructors’ requests than on system dashboards. Although instructional collaborations are often effective in supporting student learning, they are difficult to represent in institutional metrics and remain structurally fragile, depending heavily on individual personalities, staffing continuity and supportive leadership. Participants also identified practices associated with more consistent outcomes, particularly internal information sharing and active engagement in university-wide conversations. These findings suggest that partnerships should be stewarded as networks rather than treated as a series of one-off liaison activities. This study therefore reframes the contribution libraries provide as relational, human-centred and context-sensitive, and argues for university structures that recognise and sustain this qualitative work alongside traditional quantitative analytics.

This study evaluated the information quality of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) videos on Douyin (the Chinese version of TikTok) and Bilibili and examined factors associated with higher-quality content. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 200 PFMT videos (100 per platform). Dissemination and engagement metrics were collected. Information quality was assessed using modified DISCERN (mDISCERN), the Global Quality Score (GQS), and the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool for Audiovisual Materials (PEMAT-A/V). Group differences were tested using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests; associations were assessed using Spearman's rank correlation; and factors associated with quality scores were examined using multiple linear regression. Median scores were 2.00 for mDISCERN, 3.00 for GQS, 66.67 for PEMAT-A/V understandability, and 100.00 for PEMAT-A/V actionability, indicating moderate overall quality. Multiple linear regression showed that publisher category was associated with GQS and mDISCERN scores. Compared with fitness or exercise influencers, science communicators had higher GQS scores (β = 0.298, P = 0.002), whereas individual users had lower GQS scores (β = - 0.361, P < 0.001). Healthcare professionals had higher mDISCERN scores (β = 1.169, P < 0.001), whereas individual users had lower mDISCERN scores (β = - 0.491, P < 0 .001). The video topic was associated with mDISCERN, PEMAT-A/V understandability, and PEMAT-A/V actionability scores. Compared with scientific and educational information videos, experiential narratives and self-management videos (β = - 1.037, P < 0.001) and pelvic floor dysfunction and symptom management videos (β = - 0.745, P = 0.002) had lower mDISCERN scores. Pelvic floor training and exercise guidance videos had higher PEMAT-A/V understandability (β = 14.767, P = 0.014) and actionability scores (β = 22.658, P = 0.010). These findings suggest that professionally produced and evidence-based PFMT videos may help users access more reliable and actionable health information.

Infertility treatment represents a major reproductive health issue globally, affecting 8%-12% of couples, with heightened prevalence and psychosocial burdens in pronatalist contexts like Iran where cultural and religious norms intensify stigma, emotional distress, marital strain and financial challenges for men, women and couples. Despite growing qualitative research on these experiences within Iran's healthcare system, findings remain fragmented, limiting higher-order insights into shared challenges, coping mechanisms and relational dynamics. In addition, socioreligious perspectives on assisted reproductive technologies-particularly gamete donation-and structural factors such as financial access to in vitro fertilisation may critically shape treatment experiences but have not been systematically synthesised. This protocol outlines a systematic review and meta-synthesis of qualitative evidence to integrate these perspectives, generating comprehensive understandings to enhance culturally attuned clinical care and policy responses. Comprehensive searches will be conducted in English databases (PubMed/Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Web of Science, Scopus) and Persian databases (Scientific Information Database and MagIran) from inception to August 2026, without date limits and restricted to Persian or English publications. The Population, Concept, and Context framework will guide the inclusion of primary qualitative studies on infertility treatment experiences (Population: infertile men, women and couples in Iran; Concept: experiences, challenges and coping strategies; Context: Iranian sociocultural and healthcare settings). Studies that are exclusively quantitative, non-Iranian, non-peer-reviewed or inaccessible will be excluded. Two reviewers will independently screen titles, abstracts and full texts using Covidence, appraise quality with the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist (using Cohen's kappa to assess inter-rater reliability) and extract data using piloted forms. Thematic content analysis will be used to synthesise the findings, with the confidence in the evidence assessed using the Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative Research approach. Ethical approval for this protocol was granted by the Research Ethics Committee of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (approval number: IR.TBZMED.VCR.REC.1405.024). The committee confirmed that no additional ethical review was required, as the study is restricted to the analysis of published literature and does not involve human participants, primary data collection or clinical procedures. Results will disseminate through open-access journals like BMJ Open, conferences and policy summaries for reproductive health stakeholders. CRD420261390890.

This study investigates how well the scholarly communication course addresses the student learning objectives designed based on the competencies for SC librarianship established by North American Serials Interest Group (NASIG). Literature review shows a wide range of roles and responsibilities that scholarly communication librarians must learn on the job. Thus, this course was developed with the goal of preparing the LIS students for these emerging new roles and responsibilities. The self-assessment questionnaire was used to assess students’ comprehension of the scholarly communication competencies at the beginning and end of the semester. The paired t-test shows a statistically significant difference between pre- and post- course scores. The ANOVA analysis reveals that after the course completion the students learned the most about Institutional Repository management, with 1.57 points difference between pre- and post- scores, followed by publishing services (1.14), assessment metrics (.71), copyright services (.57), and data management (.43). These findings suggest that the course does cover most of the roles and responsibilities for scholarly communication librarians as defined by NASIG and it’s an important step forward in preparing students for scholarly communication librarianship.

Safeguarding quality in health and medical science information today.

This study introduces the fuzzy Revan index (FRI), a new comprehensive index of fuzzy graphs that can be used to facilitate multi-criteria decision-making under uncertainty. Unlike other fuzzy graph indices that only consider local structural properties, the FRI uses membership values for both vertices and edges to identify larger connectivity patterns. We defined its theoretical properties, such as the upper bounds of particular classes of graphs, and implemented a computational algorithm with a pseudocode that can be used for large-scale networks. In this context, the FRI was integrated with a CRITIC-based approach to make decisions, wherein the membership values were calculated using the sigmoid and multiplicative methods. A national highway site selection problem was considered to illustrate the relevance of the proposed approach for real-world applications. Six site locations were evaluated based on a fuzzy graph derived from five weighted criteria: land acquisition price, environmental considerations, geotechnical suitability, accessibility, and future expansion potential. Combining FRI values with a multi-criteria decision-making method provides a more comprehensive site ranking than that obtained using local measurements. The findings indicate how FRI can enhance the quality of evaluation in uncertain and complex settings and its wider application in the field of information science.

Purpose This article examines the Sámi Ownership and Data Access (SODA) principles as a Sámi-led framework for Indigenous data governance and analyzes their implications for archival and information science. It addresses the gap between Sámi claims to ownership and authority over data and dominant institutional regimes grounded in legal custodianship and open data mandates. Design/methodology/approach The study develops a conceptual framework that operationalizes the CARE and SODA principles as analytical lenses. Through a comparative synthesis of FAIR, CARE and SODA, it structures the analysis around four dimensions: ownership, authority, access and ethical accountability, drawing on Indigenous data sovereignty scholarship and Sámi historical contexts. Findings The analysis shows that FAIR-oriented regimes prioritize technical openness and institutional ownership, risking extractive practices. While CARE re-centers collective benefit and authority, SODA advances governance by explicitly asserting collective Sámi ownership. Archival decisions about appraisal, access and stewardship are thus revealed as political sites shaping Indigenous rights and self-determination. Originality/value The article introduces SODA to archival and information science and positions Indigenous data governance as a core archival concern. By translating CARE and SODA into an operational framework, it provides tools for evaluating whether data infrastructures support Indigenous self-determination within Nordic contexts.

Geographic Information Science (GIScience) offers promising data and tools to innovatively capture and analyze human circadian rhythms across space and time at unprecedented scales, yet its potential remains underexplored. This systematic investigation examines 60 studies published between 2001 and 2024 that applied GIScience to investigate circadian rhythm patterns and their associations with social-environmental factors. Most studies relied on survey or sensor-based data, with limited use of emerging sources such as social media, mobility, web applications, and remote sensing. We found that previous research largely emphasized individual- and population-level monitoring, particularly at the city scale with minute-level temporal resolutions. Traditional statistical approaches dominated, while spatial analysis and advanced spatial-temporal modeling techniques were rarely applied. Findings highlight that both geographic attributes (e.g., latitude, longitude, altitude) and social-environmental conditions (e.g., light, noise, socioeconomic status) exert spatially heterogeneous influences on circadian rhythms, underscoring the need for greater integration of GIScience data and methods into circadian research.

Modern microscopy enables us to measure structural and dynamical properties of many biological processes and is therefore an indispensable research tool. However, the amount and complexity of the produced imaging data is steadily increasing. Thus, handling the data as well as reproducibly and automatically extracting accurate scientific information require dedicated 'bioimage analysis' expertise. To facilitate the dissemination of this ubiquitously required expertise we developed an open-access bioimage analysis training resource. The resource is designed to help trainers to design and run courses on bioimage analysis for life scientists. The material is modular where each module covers one concise topic and provides corresponding activities using microscopy images from biological samples. The activities can be executed using various popular software packages (e.g. ImageJ, Python). The material is hosted on a public software repository allowing the bioimaging community to readily contribute new training modules or improve existing modules. Within the last 3 years, the material has been used by several trainers in numerous courses and continuously improved.

The creation of biomolecules, immunological function, cell development and reproduction, and other biological activities all depend on heavy metals, yet excessive ingestion of these elements can be harmful. In particular, they produce oxidative stress (OS). The metabolism generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals. The respiratory, neurological, reproductive, and digestive systems are among the organs that might be harmed by an accumulation of heavy metals. One popular treatment for metal poisoning is metal chelation therapy. Through interactions with a core metal atom, the ligand creates a complex ring structure. By using the right chemicals to chelate metals, the body can effectively remove them and avoid damage during metabolism. The correct operation of proteins and enzymes during metabolism depends on heavy metals like zinc, iron, and copper. The buildup of metals in excess can have detrimental effects on biomolecules. Peroxidation of biological components, including lipids in the plasma membrane, is brought on by the production of ROS and nitrogen species (RNS). The preventive benefits of antioxidants are making them more and more popular, especially in food and pharmaceutical items. Metal chelating assays and other suitable techniques are needed to screen compounds for antioxidant properties. The properties of metal bonding and chelation are thoroughly reviewed in this study. This article describes the fundamental chemistry ideas of both in vitro and in vivo metal chelation processes. This article discusses metal ions, metal chelating, antioxidants, the biological function of metal chelation, and metal chelating tests, which are frequently employed to evaluate a substance's antioxidant qualities. Additionally, the page offers scientific information, chemical characteristics, and important details regarding the chelation techniques used.

Purpose This paper analyses the emergence of generative artificial intelligence (AI) not as a further tool in the automation of search but as an epistemic institution that produces, validates and distributes knowledge. It examines the structural mechanisms through which this transition marginalises academic libraries, displacing them from the epistemic functions of synthesis, evaluation and curation they have historically performed. Against the assumption that marginalisation is a technological inevitability, the paper argues that it is conditional and articulates the institutional conditions under which academic libraries can recover epistemic agency and reposition themselves as active participants in the knowledge infrastructure of the AI era. Design/methodology/approach The paper adopts a conceptual, abductive approach, employing the Tron film trilogy as an analytical model of epistemic infrastructure transition rather than as a cultural metaphor. It integrates Science and Technology Studies, the philosophy of technology and library and information science scholarship. The historical reconstruction proceeds inductively, deriving three phases of library infrastructure development from particular technologies, from card catalogues to commercial scholarly platforms. The diagnosis proceeds deductively, deriving specific mechanisms of marginalisation from the premise that generative AI internalises epistemic functions. The recovery programme then translates that diagnosis into the institutional conditions under which academic libraries can respond. Findings Generative AI constitutes a qualitative break in the history of knowledge infrastructure, crossing from the category of retrieval tool to that of epistemic institution that organises the conditions under which knowledge is produced and validated. Three mechanisms drive library marginalisation: disintermediation of the institutional mediator, dependency on training infrastructures beyond library governance and the transfer of epistemic authority from accountable institutions to opaque algorithmic systems. Scenario analysis yields three possible futures, full marginalisation, coexistence and co-authorship of epistemic infrastructure. The third is not inevitable but contingent on libraries claiming roles in data stewardship, AI governance and critical AI literacy. Research limitations/implications As a conceptual contribution, the paper develops an analytical framework rather than empirical findings; its three mechanisms and three scenarios are theoretically derived and await empirical testing. The evidence base draws substantially on Anglophone, predominantly US LIS scholarship, which may limit transferability to other national and institutional contexts. Future research should operationalise and empirically validate the proposed mechanisms of marginalisation, assess the conditions for epistemic recovery across diverse library settings and examine longitudinally whether libraries that invest in data stewardship, AI governance and critical AI literacy realise the co-authorship scenario the framework identifies. Practical implications Academic libraries should pursue three mutually reinforcing strategies. First, they should reposition themselves as active participants in the governance of the data ecosystems on which AI systems are trained, extending research data management towards stewardship of training corpora. Second, they should secure inclusion in university AI governance structures, from which information professionals are frequently absent despite directly relevant competencies in information ethics, source evaluation and quality assurance. Third, they should reconceptualise critical AI literacy, the capacity to evaluate not only what AI produces but how, as a defining institutional mission rather than a supplementary digital skill. Social implications If generative AI becomes the default mediator of scholarly knowledge, the consequences extend beyond libraries to the epistemic commons on which science, scholarship and democratic deliberation depend. Unaccountable, non-transparent knowledge production risks normalising narrow epistemic positions, eroding epistemic pluralism and widening inequalities in knowledge access already stratified by institutional wealth. Positioning academic libraries as public-interest guarantors of accountable curation, epistemic equity and critical AI literacy helps safeguard citizens' capacity to evaluate AI-generated knowledge, sustains diverse knowledge traditions and protects the reliability of the shared information environment on which informed public life increasingly rests. Originality/value The paper offers a novel integrative framework that combines Science and Technology Studies, the epistemology of AI and library and information science scholarship. Its central contribution is to reframe library marginalisation not as a contingent service challenge to be met by incremental adaptation, but as a structural consequence of AI's emergence as an epistemic institution. Methodologically, it advances the use of the Tron trilogy as an analytical model rather than an illustrative metaphor. It provides one of the first systematic articulations of academic libraries as potential co-architects, rather than residual beneficiaries, of the knowledge infrastructure of the AI era.

Recommendation systems in the scientific information space serve as essential tools for search and navigation when working with scientific documents. Software code is currently considered as an object of scientific knowledge and, as a result, an important task is to create software lifecycle support systems, in particular, to find similar software solutions, detect code borrowings, analyze and evaluate code quality. This paper proposes a content-based recommender system that provides users with a personalized list of code fragments that are functionally equivalent to the input query code presented in one of the programming languages from the established set. The basic algorithm of the system is based on the representation of the program code in the form of an abstract syntax tree followed by the construction of a vector space of program codes. The semantic similarity of program codes is determined by the distance between code vectors in a multidimensional space. The personalization of recommendations is achieved through a filtering module that ranks the retrieved fragments taking into account the user's profile. The factors under consideration are the language preferences of the user and his areas of scientific interests, extracted through integration with ORCID. To ensure the system's operation, a specialized dataset was created based on the CodeNet corpus. The problem of automated language detection from a snippet of the presented code in one of the 19 languages included in the current rating list of programming languages has also been solved.

Abstract This review analyzed 241 scholarly articles published between 2010 and 2025 in information science venues to examine how affect shapes refugees' information behavior during forced migration and to identify additional contextual factors. It identifies seven affective dimensions: anxiety, shame and stigma, grief and loss, frustration, (mis)trust, (loss of) control, and (not) belonging. It outlines related information practices, including calibration, collective or selective practices, personal information management, language‐ and design‐adaptive navigation, mapping, and digital wandering. Refugees' information behavior is shaped by fractured information landscapes, situational information triggers (e.g., policy changes, deadlines, and health crises), information mediators (technologies, people, and institutions), and the forms information takes, from tangible records to intangible memories. The review shows that affect is not incidental but a central force that guides, amplifies, or inhibits how information is sought, used, or avoided in refugees' lives. It also contributes a framework that positions affect at the heart of refugee information practices in contexts of forced displacement and highlights implications for information system design, services, and policies that are linguistically accessible, trauma‐informed, and responsive to urgent, trigger‐driven needs.

Singlet fission (SF) capable of multi-exciton generation is a well-accepted concept for solar cells and also promises an intermediate quintet state with long coherence time for quantum information science. As a multi-step process involving both energy conservation and spin conservation, the thermodynamics of SF in the typical pentacene derivative 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene (TIPS-Pn) is still ambiguous. The difficulty lies in the experimental visualization of the high-spin states. Here, we combine the temperature-dependent time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (TrEPR) and transient photoluminescence (TrPL) techniques to reexamine the multi-step SF process in the TIPS-Pn cluster. An amorphous solid prepared by co-melting of TIPS-Pn with host 1,3,5-tri(1-naphthyl)benzene promises an intense TrEPR signal even at room temperature. The TrEPR intensities of the intermediate quintet triplet pair (5TT) increase with the temperature, revealing that the conversion from the singlet triplet pair (1TT) to 5TT is an endothermic process for their positive exchanged coupling between two involved triplet excitons. In contrast, the first step of SF, from the first excited singlet to 1TT, is exothermic, as expected from the positive temperature dependence of lifetimes extracted from the TrPL decay. As a result, the total SF processes within the TIPS-Pn cluster exhibit an endothermic characteristic, as the TrEPR signals of the resultant triplet increase with the temperature. This study clarifies the thermodynamics of multi-step SF processes and highlights the powerful TrEPR technique in visualizing spin-involving processes.

Open-shell molecules are emerging as promising candidates for quantum information science, yet a fundamental understanding of how aggregation influences their optical properties remains limited, largely due to the lack of well-defined model systems. Here, we investigate H-aggregate formation in two copper porphyrin monomers with different peripheral meso substituents and examine how aggregation modulates light emission processes through exciton delocalization. We identify spectral signatures consistent with delocalized B-state excitons arising from H-aggregate formation, which lead to enhanced light emission from monomeric Cu-porphyrins relative to dimeric counterparts. A model incorporating non-Condon vibronic coupling was developed to propose that Q-state emission becomes enhanced by a factor that depends quadratically on the number of molecules over which the B-state exciton delocalizes. In addition, enhanced emission from the 2T state is assigned to a thermally activated delayed fluorescence mechanism that depends on triplet exciton delocalization that is mediated by exchange interactions between the unpaired Cu2+ d electron and the eg porphyrin orbitals. We develop a kinetic model based on simple Hamiltonians that yields a good agreement between simulated and experimentally measured 2T emission decay dynamics. Together, these results demonstrate how controlled aggregation can be used to tune exciton delocalization and excited-state dynamics in open-shell metalloporphyrin systems that may play a role in their application to quantum information.