Purpose This study aims to define the scope of sport in smart cities and synthesizes how smart infrastructures reshape sport practice, consumption and governance. We summarize what is known, point out the main gaps and limits of current research and set clear questions to guide future, comparative and real-world research for cities, sport organizations and researchers. Design/methodology/approach We conduct a comprehensive literature review across sport management, urban studies and information science. We screen academic and policy sources and map technologies such as the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, geospatial analytics and sensor networks to actors, data flows and outcomes and organize the evidence into an integrative thematic map and agenda across all proposed domains. Findings The review consolidates seven domains of sport in smart cities: technological innovations, sport participation, sport spectatorship, sport tourism, sport retailing, sport education and training and governance and ethics. Across these domains, digitally mediated infrastructures are reshaping practice, consumption and management. However, scenario-driven and conceptual work still outpaces comparative, longitudinal evaluation and the evidence base clusters in data-rich settings. Recurring issues include weak interoperability and evaluation capacity, privacy and consent risks and digital exclusion. The synthesis points to methodological and implementation pathways using systems-oriented indicators, geospatial and sensor data, and participatory governance to move from pilots to cumulative, equitable practice. Originality/value This paper provides a comprehensive review that organizes dispersed work on the interdiscipline of sport and smart cities and distills clear directions for subsequent research and implementation.

A seamless chip-to-world photonic interface enables broad advancements in optical ranging, display, communication, computation and quantum information science. The ideal solution enables two-dimensional scanning of a diffraction-limited beam from anywhere on a photonic integrated circuit to a large number of resolvable spots. Current beam-scanning technologies are limited by a fundamental trade-off: photonic-integrated-circuits withdiffractive optics offer scalability but have poor mode quality1,2, whereas inertially limited micromechanical scanners provide high-quality beams but lack scalable integration3,4. Here we report a photonic ski-jump-a nanoscale waveguide monolithically integrated on a piezoelectric cantilever-to overcome these limitations. It passively curls ~90° out-of-plane within a less-than-0.1 mm2 footprint, emits a submicrometre, broadband diffraction-limited beam, and exhibits kilohertz-rate mechanical resonances with quality factors of over 10,000. Fabricated in a volume complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)foundry, our device enables scalable two-dimensional beam scanning. Driven on-resonance at CMOS-levelvoltages, it achieves a footprint-adjusted spot rate of 68.6 mega spots s-1 mm-², exceeding state-of-the-art micro-electro-mechanical systems mirrors by more than 50-fold, which is sufficient for one million pixels at 100 Hz from an approximately 1.5 mm diameter footprint. We demonstrate full-colour image and video projection, and single-photon initialization and readout from silicon vacancy centres in diamond. Finally, by demonstrating uniformity across a 64 ski-jump array, we establish a pathway to achieving greater than onegigaspot resolution at kilohertz rates within a sub-5-cm-diameter footprint, creating a seamless optical pipeline between integrated photonic processors and the free-space world.

Abstract Western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) modulates East Asian summer climate variability and is influenced by tropical sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA). However, the relative contribution and combined effects of tropical multi‐basin SSTA on summer WPSH prediction skill remain poorly quantified. Using decoupling experiments with the global seasonal‐interannual Climate Forecast system of Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST‐CFS1.0), this study quantifies the distinct roles of tropical Pacific Ocean (TPO), Indian Ocean (TIO), and Atlantic Ocean (TAO) SSTA in the summer WPSH prediction based on the hindcasts initialized in February and May during 1983–2018. Results demonstrate that while both TAO and TPO SSTA are critical drivers of WPSH prediction, their influence dynamics differ significantly. TPO's influence decreases as the lead time shortens and originates from both local air‐sea interactions in the western Pacific and remote forcing linked to El Niño events. TAO's influence remains stable across all lead times, contributing to WPSH variability through both direct (Kelvin wave–induced Ekman divergence) and indirect pathways, including an eastward route via northern Indian Ocean warming (∼20% contribution) and a westward route through central Pacific cooling (declining from 25% at 4‐month lead to 9% at 1‐month lead). In contrast, the TIO SSTA have weaker effects, with varying mechanisms: direct influence dominates in short‐lead forecasts from May, while indirect influence via TPO cooling emerges in longer‐lead forecasts from February. These results highlight the necessity of prioritizing TAO and TPO SSTA predictions as well as the inter‐basin effects in improving the prediction skill of summer WPSH.

Molecules provide a modular and chemically tunable platform for quantum information science. In recent years, significant advances have been made in enabling optical spin initialization, coherent control, and both optical and electrical readout of molecular qubits. Yet, a central challenge remains: realizing scalable architectures through the controlled and ultrafast activation of interqubit interactions. Here, we present a molecular system composed of two vanadyl porphyrin qubits bridged by a free-base porphyrin chromophore, where the qubits are magnetically independent in the ground state but become coupled upon photoexcitation. Femtosecond transient absorption and time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance experiments, supported by DFT calculations and spectral simulations, reveal that photoexcitation induces the formation of a spin-quintet state within subpicosecond time scales. Notably, long-lived spin polarization persists up to room temperature. Theoretical modeling offers design principles for harnessing this mechanism in future applications. These results provide a proof of concept for optically controlled spin interactions in molecules, paving the way for light-activated molecular quantum gates.

Abstract Since the SciCap dataset’s launch in 2021, the research community has made significant progress in generating captions for scientific figures in scholarly articles. In 2023, the first SciCap Challenge took place, inviting global teams to use an expanded SciCap dataset to develop models for captioning diverse figure types across various academic fields. At the same time, text generation models advanced quickly, with many powerful pre-trained large multimodal models (LMMs) emerging that showed impressive capabilities in various vision-and-language tasks. This paper presents an overview of the first SciCap Challenge and details the performance of various models on its data, capturing a snapshot of the field’s state. We found that professional editors overwhelmingly preferred figure captions generated by GPT-4V over those from all other models and even the original captions written by authors. Following this key finding, we conducted detailed analyses to answer this question: Have advanced LMMs solved the task of generating captions for scientific figures?

Purpose This study aims to examine the perspectives of Library and Information Science (LIS) scholars in Nigerian universities on artificial intelligence (AI) literacy and the ethical use of generative AI in academic writing. Four (4) specific objectives guided the study. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional survey design was used, and data were gathered from 217 returned questionnaires completed by LIS scholars, representing a 60.5% response rate from 359 academics on the NALISE WhatsApp platform. Descriptive statistics, an independent-samples t-test, and Pearson correlation analysis were used to evaluate differences in AI literacy and the relationship between AI literacy and ethical prompting. Findings Findings revealed a generally low level of AI literacy, with respondents reporting challenges in evaluating AI-generated content and detecting AI-assisted plagiarism. Ethical prompting practices were not consistently adopted, although many scholars expressed concern about issues such as plagiarism, ghostwriting, and misinformation. Institutional support, including policies, training and formal guidelines, was widely perceived as inadequate. Significant differences existed between those who had used AI tools and those who had not, and AI literacy showed a strong positive correlation with ethical prompting. Originality/value Based on the authors’ knowledge and literature search, this is the first empirical study to comprehensively explore AI literacy and ethical use of Generative AI among LIS scholars in the context of Nigeria. It addresses a critical gap in the literature, which has predominantly focused on technologically advanced regions. The study introduces a unified framework that simultaneously investigates AI literacy, ethical prompting, perceived ethical risks and institutional practices, offering a holistic view of the challenges. It also contributes original empirical evidence on the relationship between AI literacy and ethical behavior.

Abstract The study systematically investigates the determinants of international research collaboration in Library and Information Science (LIS) from 1990 to 2019. Using a gravity model estimated by Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (PPML) with high-dimensional fixed effects and fractional counting, we analyze the evolving patterns and drivers of collaboration. The findings reveal several key trends: collaborative research has become the dominant form of scholarly production, with the share of co-authored articles rising from 23.03% to 74.89%. International collaboration grew at a remarkable compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 17.67%, significantly outpacing domestic collaboration. The field continues to be characterized by small-to-medium sized teams, typically consisting of 2–6 authors. Network analysis shows substantial structural expansion: the number of participating countries doubled from 54 to 105, collaborative ties increased sixfold, and the total volume of decadal collaboration grew by 41.5 times. The international collaboration network has evolved from a hub-and-spoke model centered on the United States to a bipolar system led by China and the United States, supported by multiple regional poles. In terms of determining factors, traditional gravitational factors—shared language, land contiguity and colonial relationships—have shown a strong and lasting positive impact on collaboration. Its influence remains relatively stable within 30 years, especially in the second half. In contrast, neither economic nor political distance has shown a sustained impact. The robustness test confirmed the reliability of these findings.

The rapid growth of artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly constrained by fundamental hardware bottlenecks in computation throughput and energy efficiency. Bioinspired computing (BIC) offers a promising alternative by emulating the intrinsic advantages of biological systems, such as parallelism, adaptability, and robustness. Progress in BIC hardware demands interdisciplinary convergence that bridges materials science and device physics with neuroscience, computer science, mathematics, and information science. Therefore, the development of this cross-disciplinary field urgently requires a comprehensive roadmap that analyzes systematically and in-depth the frontier issues and the latest progress. In this roadmap, we categorize the critical challenges into three components: hardware foundations, architectures, and prototype realizations. We highlight how biological features inspire the design of BIC hardware through device physics and discuss their performance metrics and engineering challenges. We then describe how diverse signaling rules and structural organizations in BIC architectures support specific computational prototypes, including electronic and photonic BIC chips, and present a technological roadmap that outlines opportunities to expand the functional scope of BIC hardware through coordinated advances in devices, architectures, and system demonstrations. This ongoing convergence of interdisciplinary knowledge can help accelerate the shift toward high-efficiency AI hardware.

Programmable photonic integrated circuits (PICs) have recently emerged as an important technology for quantum information science and artificial neural networks. In particular, PICs with microelectromechanical-based modulators have the advantages of voltage-based control, ultra-low-energy consumption, cryogenic compatibility, and CMOS-foundry support. Here, we report a cantilever optical modulator that utilizes hybrid piezoelectric and electrostatic tuning forces together on a monolithic silicon nitride (SiN) PIC platform. The device achieves actuation of visible-wavelength light with quasi-static tuning up to 10 kHz at 1.5 Vπ-cm as well as high-speed (>20 MHz) AC modulation with dynamically adjustable (25–40 MHz) mechanical resonances. We report the physics of how geometric nonlinearities, such as capacitive pull-in, give rise to suspended and contacted cantilever modes. These reversible operating regimes generate different strain profiles and boundary conditions, which are responsible for the active tuning of the mechanical resonances. Our proof-of-concept electrostatic–piezo modulator shows promising potential in large-scale programmable PICs applied to high-speed optical switching and optomechanical sensing.

Analyse the perceived threat of COVID-19, vaccination coverage and associated factors among nurses in Barcelona (Spain) in 2021 after the start of the vaccination campaign. Multicentre cross-sectional study using an anonymous online questionnaire accessible from 26 February to 31 May 2021. Cherries guidelines were followed. Three hundered and eighty nine hospital and primary care nurses participated using an anonymous online questionnaire accessible from 26 February to 31 May 2021. The questionnaire included ad-hoc questions and the validated Questionnaire on the Perceived Threat of COVID-19. Univariate and bivariate analyses were performed based on the type of variable. Perceived threat was higher among female nurses, the 35-49 age group and the hospital setting. Being a woman, living with a dependent and believing oneself vulnerable to falling ill were all associated with this perceived threat. Vaccination coverage was high in general and even higher among women despite having higher scores for anxiety from thinking about vaccination. Most nurses trusted the efficacy and safety of the vaccine. No patient or public contribution. Despite having already been vaccinated, the nurses presented a significant perceived threat, with women with dependents feeling the most threatened. The attitude of the nurses towards vaccination was good since they trusted the efficacy and safety of the vaccine. Nurses are frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) in any pandemic, so strategies are needed to (1) help them manage perceived threat and (2) debunk false beliefs that prevent vaccination. Training might have been offered on how to manage the physical and mental overload of the pandemic and how to improve the consultation of scientific resources to obtain accurate, evidence-based information. Public confidence should be increased through communication and education, such as vaccination reminders and debunking fake news-social networks are a major channel among young people and useful for sharing scientific information. This study adheres to the EQUATOR Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E- Surveys (CHERRIES).

The current situation in the system of scientific information is discussed, primarily in connection with the digitalization of scientific communications and the expansion of the class of creators of scientific information resources. The existing experience of cataloging scientific resources in Internet is described. The project of creating a register of Russian information resources in the field of historical and philological sciences, which is being implemented at the Institute of Scientific Information on Social Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences, is described. The structure of the register database, which includes two entities: institutions and resources, is presented. The methodological issues of selecting both entities, including their typology, are considered. The concept of the quality of information resources is discussed. It is proposed to create a register of the Russian scientific Internet resources based on collaboration within the framework of the Federal project for the development of scientific libraries

Presented to analyze the accumulated scientific information on the possibilities and use in dentistry of poly-lactic acid glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles, which act as carriers of various drugs, ensuring their delivery to the foci of inflammation, tumor processes or into the depths of the microbial biofilm. Such nanostructured complexes make it possible to increase the absorption of general drugs through the oral mucosa, prevent the formation of microbial biofilms, and prevent and treat dental caries, its complications, and periodontal inflammatory diseases. Targeted delivery and targeted use of PLGA-based dosage forms prevents the development of resistance, allergic reactions, desquamation of the epithelium, staining of plaque and fillings, as well as other resorptive effects of known antimicrobial agents. The synthesis of PLGA is not very difficult, and technologies based on the use of these polymer nanoparticles can significantly help the dentist.

BackgroundAmbient temperature may alter the risk of gout flare. We assessed the association between daily maximum temperature on the immediate-to-delayed (lag) hospitalisations for gout flare at the whole-population-level. MethodsData were extracted from the Western Australian Hospital Morbidity Data Collection for this time series study for metropolitan Perth (Australia) from 1980-2014, with meteorological data obtained from the Scientific Information for Land Owners dataset. We examined the association (relative risk [RR] and 95% confidence intervals [CI]) between hospitalisation for gout flare, daily maximum temperature and lag days since exposure using quasi-Poisson regression and the distributed lag non-linear model. ResultsAverage daily maximum temperature was 24°C (5th percentile=17°C; 95th percentile=36°C). Maximum temperatures of 17°C and 36°C were associated with 6.2 and 6.8 gout admissions per 1,000,000 population over lag day 0 to lag day 21 following exposure, respectively. Risk of hospitalisation for gout (reference=24°C) with maximum temperature was modified by age and sex. Males aged ≥75 years had higher risks of gout hospitalisation following hotter days (36°C) beginning immediately on lag day 0 (RR=1.39; 95% CI: 1.02-1.88) and from lag day 7 (RR=1.11; 95% CI: 1.01-1.21) to lag day 10 after colder days (≤15°C). Females aged ≥75 years had higher risk at 35°C from lag day 3 (RR=1.12; 95% CI: 1.02-1.23) to lag day 4. Males aged <75 years had higher risks after 35°C days from lag day 6 (RR=1.06; 95% CI: 1.01-1.12) to lag Day 8 but lower risk from lag day 7 (RR=0.96: 95% CI: 0.92-0.99) to lag day 8 following colder days (17°C). ConclusionOur study shows associations between extreme temperatures, both hot and cold, and immediate-to-delayed gout flare hospitalisations. Our findings will inform and guide public health measures and health system preparedness during the impending extremes of temperature with particular attention to older people.

Critical thinking is an important component in 21st-century Biology education, which demands the ability to critically analyze scientific concepts and information. However, students' critical thinking skills are still relatively low. This study aims to describe the profile of critical thinking skills of eleventh-grade students at a high school in North Sulawesi on the human digestive system. The method used is a quantitative approach with a descriptive design. The sample consisted of 19 randomly selected students. The research instrument was a test developed based on five critical thinking indicators according to Ennis, providing simple explanations, building basic skills, concluding, providing advanced explanations, and developing strategies and tactics. Data were analyzed descriptively quantitatively by looking at the percentage of achievement in each indicator. The results showed that most students' critical thinking skills were in the low category. As many as 74% of students were very low in providing simple explanations, and 89% were in the very low category in the advanced explanation indicator. The highest achievement only reached the sufficient category. These findings indicate that conventional Biology learning practices have not been able to encourage the development of critical thinking skills optimally. Therefore, this study emphasizes the importance of implementing profile-based diagnostic assessments and integrating active, contextual learning strategies that are oriented towards higher-order thinking skills in Biology learning.

Rationale of the Study - This research investigated the information and knowledge management challenges faced by two municipalities in Sweden during the procurement and monitoring processes related to children and young people placed in residential care facilities. Effective information and knowledge management are crucial to delivering high-quality care. Successful procurement and monitoring processes depend on effective management of information generated, utilised, repurposed, and disseminated to relevant stakeholders. Methodology - A case study approach was utilised, employing an interview guide designed to elicit insights into organisational structure, work processes, information governance, information systems, information security, e-government initiatives, collaboration, knowledge management, and the long-term preservation and reuse of information. Findings - The study uncovered a range of information needs and highlighted significant barriers to the dissemination of information and knowledge among stakeholders. These barriers adversely impacted both procurement processes and systematic follow-up concerning residential care for children and young people. Additionally, the findings revealed that existing municipal information management systems were insufficient for supporting the effective management of information critical to knowledge development. Implications - The absence of coordinated information and knowledge management adversely affects procurement and follow-up processes, thereby compromising the quality of care for children and young individuals. This has broader implications for all stakeholders, as inadequate information management can lead to poor decision-making. Originality - There is a significant gap in the literature regarding the role of information and knowledge management in follow-up processes for children and young people in care, particularly from an Information Science perspective. This deficiency underscores the originality and contribution of the present study to the field.

Because it is a crucial indicator of investment risk and can signal potential price swings, share volatility is vital. Larger volatility suggests a larger chance of both significant gains and large losses. Because investors utilise it to find trading opportunities and match their assets with their risk tolerance, it is essential for making well-informed decisions, pricing alternatives, and building portfolios. The primary purpose of the article. Forecasting and assessing the volatility of stocks in the securities market of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Research methodology. The article systematically analysed and synthesised scientific information. Analysing various methods in the research of foreign scientists, a generalised autoregressive heteroskedasticity model was used, which assumes that the current variability of the dispersion is influenced by both previous changes in indicators and prior estimates of the dispersion (GARCH model). Research features / value. This article attempts to assess the riskiness of stocks in the securities market of the Republic of Kazakhstan by reviewing existing theories and empirical studies. Research results. A comparison of the risks associated with HSBK, KZTK, and KZTO stocks reveals that an investor should focus primarily on a stock's risk. To do this, you need to identify the stock's high- and low-volatility periods, as well as the distribution of daily price fluctuations. GARCH model results indicate that KZTK stock has a higher risk than other stocks. Empirical research has shown that these financial instruments alternate between periods of high and low volatility. A financial instrument's risk will be overestimated during a period of low volatility by the first data points from an exceptionally high volatility period.

This article examines the functional obsolescence of still and moving image repositories from a Library and Information Science and Audiovisual Documentation perspective, in a context shaped by the emergence of generative artificial intelligence. Through a theoretical and bibliographic review, it explores the historical transformations of repositories from analog photography and audiovisual recording to the networked digital ecosystem, highlighting the factors that explain their centrality as providers of access and circulation for documentary, journalistic, and cultural visual and audiovisual content. The study demonstrates how AI’s capacity to produce realistic synthetic images and audiovisual representations profoundly disrupts the visual documentation value chain, jeopardizing traditional business models and established access logics, and shifting interest toward authenticity certification, the preservation of visual and audiovisual memory, and the management of irreproducible heritage. The article concludes by outlining conceptual frameworks and future research avenues addressing the legal, ethical, and epistemological challenges of this scenario for audiovisual repositories.

In contrast to conventional tetracoordinate stereogenic centres exhibiting twofold stereogenicity, penta- and hexacoordinate stereogenic centres may encode more than two stereoisomers, expanding the stereochemical space accessible to these species. This more complex stereoisomerism is characteristic to compounds of a variety of main-group elements and transition metals having a suitable set of ligands. Despite these unique hallmarks and the prospective applications in medicinal chemistry, catalysis, and information science, this area of stereoselective synthesis awaits widespread exploration. In this review, the fundamentals of the higher-order stereogenicity of penta- and hexacoordinate stereogenic centres will thus be summarized and an overview of emerging applications and their stereoselective synthesis will be provided.

In accordance with the requirement of the Higher Attestation Commission (HAC), journal issue data from the List of Peer-reviewed scientific publications in which the main scientific results of dissertations for the degree of Candidate of Sciences and for the degree of Doctor of Sciences (HAC List) have been regularly published in the Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI) in the bibliographic database eLibrary.ru for more than 20 years. In March 2023, the editorial offices of journals from the HAC List, in accordance with the recommendation of the HAC, have post data of 2022 year issues in the Russian Scientific Journals database (RSJ) created by the Russian Scientific Research Institute RIEPP. In April 2025, by order of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, a new requirement was added — for a journal from the HAC List, along with registration in the RISC eLibrary.ru, registration in the Information System (IS) “Metaphora”, developed by the Russian Center for Scientific Information, is required. Journals from the HAC List are recommended to regularly transfer metadata of published issues of journals to the “Metaphora” through specially organized interfaces. What role do the RSJ and “Metaphora” databases play in the infrastructure of scientific publications? In addition, according to commission of the Government of the Russian Federation, the Russian Center for Scientific Information performs the function of the operator of the “White List” of scientific journals. The “White List” in 2023 was formed by the Interdepartmental Working Group (IWG) of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation. The "White List" is supposed to be used to monitor and evaluate the publication activity of Russian scientists. The "White List" currently includes about 29,000 English-language international journals and about 1,000 Russian-language journals from the Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI) database. In 2025, the Russian-language part of the "White List" significantly expanded due to the inclusion of journals from HAC List into the "White List". We would like to receive detailed information from the ideologists of the "White List" on how the levels (U1, U2, U3, U4) of the “White List” journals and the categories (K1, K2, K3) of journals on the HAC List will correspond?

Abstract This review maps the intellectual base and evolution of Search as Learning using a reproducible workflow that combines a Web of Science corpus, Python screening, and VOSviewer, yielding 95 studies. Keyword co-occurrence, temporal overlays, co-citation, and country and journal mappings reveal eight thematic clusters and a shift from cognitive and exploratory themes to measurable learning outcomes and emerging AI mediated support. The co-citation results indicate a three part foundation: conceptual framing, operational measurement and prediction of knowledge gain, and log based behavioral methods. Collaboration concentrates in the United States and Northwestern Europe, with outlets centered on Conference on Human Information Interaction and Retrieval (CHIIR) and strong citation impact for the Journal of Information Science. Building on these findings, the review articulates an extended definition that unites user centered, interaction centered, and system centered perspectives, and proposes a simple prompt framework that operationalizes the system centered view in generative AI based SAL support.