Requests For Information Research Articles

Moving on: The overrepresentation of Black and minoritised households in out of area housing placements in England

Based on freedom of information request data supplied by English local authorities, this paper identifies significant under-reporting of out of area housing placements in government statistics alongside an overrepresentation of Black and minoritised households amongst such placements. In a context of neoliberalism, housing policy has become abstracted from contextual factors that shape experiences of housing. With housing increasingly commodified, this paper explores housing challenges beyond economic factors to include historical legacies and exclusion. Housing is therefore positioned as a conduit between people and place, with place understood as a spatial representation of social and economic networks. The fracturing of these networks illustrates a geographical manifestation of housing policy, crisis, and exclusion. This paper reflects on the social and economic context that drives such experiences and situates the overrepresentation of out of area housing for Black and minoritised households.

Externalization Beyond “Immigration Risk”? UK Borderwork Creep in Africa and its Cumulative Rippling Effects

This article examines UK “borderwork creep” into ever more sites in states across Africa and considers how it is transformed and produced by practitioners on the ground. The aim is to go beyond research focusing on the EU and Northern and Western Africa to show the more expansive and, in some cases, unexpected reach of UK borderwork. Drawing on interviews, documentary research, and freedom of information requests, I find UK-funded “training” and “capacity building” in 17 African states. This creep, in many cases, is driven less by the UK perceptions of “immigration risk” and more by opportunism based on African counterparts’ interests and the ability of UK immigration liaison officers to establish relationships on the ground. This complicates conventional narratives, and government claims, where externalization is largely seen as a response to perceived “migration crises” and increases in “unwanted” and illegalized mobility. The paper adds to the rich and growing body of research on externalization in Africa by attuning specifically to the productive role of relationships and cumulative dimensions, which have received limited attention to-date. It does so by proposing the metaphor of rippling to better highlight how previous actions and interactions build on each other and spread outward, generating new actions. The result is UK borderwork diffused and distanced from the original goals of externalized migration control.

Calibrating families: Data behaviourism and the new algorithmic logic

Abstract Family intervention is a long-established mechanism of state control, but recent technological developments are facilitating new regulatory capacities and objectives. This paper will explore how contemporary welfare policy interventions in the UK are converging around a technological solutionist ideology that centres family relationships as core instruments of social management. The last decade has seen a marked techno-administrative turn, with family/state relationships increasingly mediated through online portals and dashboards. Over the last few years this data-centric model has accelerated towards an algorithmic approach to governance through the incorporation of big data surveillance, predictive analytics and behavioural interventions to monitor and socially engineer populations. In this paper we draw on policy analysis and freedom of information requests to trace the embedding of data collection frameworks into apparently conventional family intervention programmes in the UK, and show how this “datification” was made into a core delivery tool. We also highlight how secrecy, or at the very least strategic silence, has restricted public knowledge of how and why data is being collected and used in the UK. We show how parents and children are being quantified and translated into datapoints to support new logics of choice manipulation, ceding unprecedented power to financiers, data analytic and social marketing companies, platform developers and big tech industries. The resulting financialization of family welfare services tracks the contours of longstanding social divisions, reconfiguring and in many cases compounding the injustices of race, class and gender. This algorithmic calibration of children and parents is extending the regulatory powers of the state far beyond previous efforts to govern and control poor families, with under-explored consequences for the principles of democracy and justice.

Access to Expensive Therapies and Diagnostics for Kidney Care in Switzerland.

In Switzerland, nephrologists must frequently obtain pre-authorizations from health insurers for certain medications/tests for individual patients. These are time consuming and outcomes are inconsistent. Clinical experience suggest inequities in access to expensive medications, related to need for and processes involved with medication pre-authorization requests. An anonymous survey was conducted between November 2021 and March 2022 regarding experiences in applying for pre-authorizations for medications and genetic testing required for kidney care conducted among nephrologists in Switzerland. Ninety-four responses were received. The most common medications reported to require pre-approvals were rituximab, sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and eculizumab. Rebuttals were reported to be most frequently required for rituximab, eculizumab and SGLT2i, also the most frequently denied medications. Most frequent genetic testing requests were for complement and Alports spectrum disorders. Requests for genetic testing were reported to be most frequently denied for cystic renal diseases, congenital syndromes and nephrotic syndrome.Most nephrologists found requests for further information from the health insurers were seldom reasonable; 72% reported it was rarely/never possible to engage with the insurance physicians, 69% were concerned insurance physicians did not have relevant expertise. Respondents reported receiving different responses from different insurers for similar requests more frequently than from the same insurer (58% vs 8%). One in three nephrologists reported that the pre-authorizations process frequently resulted in a clinically relevant delay in treatment. Four of five respondents reported that the pre-authorization process frequently made them feel that they could not do their best for the patient. From the perspective of nephrologists, the pre-authorizations process in Switzerland is cumbersome, not transparent and inequitable, may result in denial or delays of important treatment for patients and contributes to moral distress.

Bridging the gaps: A prospective analysis of root causes for rejection and incompleteness in blood requisition forms

IntroductionBlood request form (BRF) stands as a pivotal document in ensuring safe and effective blood transfusions within healthcare settings. Incomplete or erroneous data on BRF can heighten risk of adverse reactions and compromise patient safety. Aim of study was to assess level of completion of BRFs by clinicians and to evaluate root cause analysis (RCA) of incompleteness of BRFs and factors leading to their rejection. Materials and MethodsThis prospective study was carried out from February 2024 to April 2024 on BRFs received in the blood centre. They were audited and RCA for factors leading to their incompleteness and rejection were analysed. ResultsTotal number of BRFs received in blood centre was 14,468. 13,358 (92.3%) BRFs were accepted and 1,110 (7.7%) BRFs were rejected. 12,804 (95.85%) of accepted BRFs were incomplete. Weight was the most common missing parameter (89% {n = 11403}) while name of the requesting clinician was least common (2.5% {n-318}). 3.52% n = 510) BRFs were rejected due to mismatch in name and patient registration number on BRF and samples. 0.14% n = 21) BRFs were rejected due to hemolysed samples. RCA for incompleteness of BRFs showed that main reason was manpower (61–83%) while environment was least common (17–67%). RCA for rejection of BRFs showed that environment was most common cause (13.3–80.15%) while manpower was least common (9–19.85%). ConclusionRegular audits and personnel training, and quality assurance measures can help identify and address deficiencies in BRF completion to enhance patient safety and reduce incidence of transfusion-related errors and complications.

Clinical trial transparency and disclosure from the medical writing perspective

It’s been more than 6 years since our last Medical Writing edition dedicated to clinical trial transparency and disclosure. Since then, we have seen the full implementation of the long-awaited EU Clinical Trials Regulation (CTR), the pause and restart of EMA Policy 0070, and of course a global pandemic which resulted in a world-wide surge in freedom of information requests for Covid-19 vaccine clinical trial data. Although many of the regulations and policies governing public disclosure of clinical trial data and documents remain unchanged, we have seen significant changes in the way these are implemented. As those of us who work in this field know all too well, the landscape is ever changing, and it is essential to keep up to date with those changes. Resources such as the Drug Information Association Clinical Trial Disclosure Community, PHUSE Data Transparency Working Group, and Clarity and Openness in Reporting-E3 based (CORE) Reference provide invaluable updates and insights. This issue of Medical Writing touches on a number of different aspects of clinical trial transparency and disclosure, all of which involve medical writers as key stakeholders

사이버폭력 실태 및 피해자 보호 강화 방안 - 사이버 불링(Cyber-bullying)을 중심으로

With the advancement of modern science and technology, such as artificial intelligence, cyberbullying is becoming more diverse and brutal. Among the types of cyberbullying, continuous or repeated cyberbullying seriously violates the victim's personal rights. However, the current law cannot properly regulate new types of cyberbullying, such as acts that alienate and exclude victims, online impersonation using deepfake technology, and image bullying. Thus it fails to fully protect victims. As the damage caused by cyberbullying is becoming more serious, with an increasing number of youths experiencing suicidal or self-harming impulses, it is necessary to introduce independent criminal punishment provisions for serious cyberbullying targeting children and youth by referring to legislation in North Carolina, USA and New Zealand, prior to criminal regulation of adults. As regulations and responsibilities for information and communication service providers are being strengthened worldwide, it is necessary to take note of these legislative trends and ensure that information and communication service providers actively respond to victims’ requests to delete harmful information related to cyberbullying in addition to illegal information subject to criminal punishment. Also, it is urgent to introduce a system that requires information and communication service providers to promptly provide anonymous information on the perpetrators in order to prevent the victim's damage from expanding as quickly as possible and to prevent secondary damage. With reference to Australian legislation, a procedure should be established where the Korea Communications Commission directly requests information and communication service providers to provide personal information and contact information even if the victim does not file a civil or criminal suit. In addition, in order to quickly secure evidence when cyber school violence occurs among youth, school principals and teachers in charge should be given the authority to inspect and confiscate cell phones. In this way, in cases where it is difficult to secure evidence, such as when the victim commits suicide, the true nature of school violence should be properly revealed and the youth should be subject to appropriate punishment.

A review of completeness and appropriateness of radiology request and adequacy of clinical information on radiology request at BDF Hospital in Bahrain

A retrospective cohort study of the completeness and appropriateness of the radiological have been performed at the Royal Medical Services - Bahrain Defence Force Hospital (RMS-BDF) between 12-March-2023 and 25-March-2023. In this framework, only two imaging modalities were selected: general X-rays and CT scan. Referrals from within RMS-BDF have been selected due to easy access and availability of all data needed for this audit. The electronic radiological request for these modalities were manually assessed for the following criteria: essential clinical information and other relevant clinical information. All evaluation criteria were listed in a data sheet and the assigned radiologists were asked to evaluate the radiological requests and tick correspondent notices in the data sheets. All data sheets were then sent to a statistician to analyze the data using Microsoft Office excel to generate graphs and figures. The data analysis showed that the accepted CT scan requests were 298 (69%) out of total 421 radiological requests. For the general X-rays, the accepted requests were 855 (40%) requests while the invalid requests were 1269 (60%) requests. According to Bahrain Defence Force Hospital standards, the referrer must provide enough medical information in order to justify the use of the radiation and to provide quality service to the patients. The outcome of this audit can be used to evaluate the compliance and completeness of the radiological request after intervention. Instructing the physicians and training them to fill all required and necessary clinical information.

The hidden costs of free services: how donations support the corporate platformization of education

ABSTRACT The adoption of ‘free’ large-scale proprietary platforms, such as Microsoft 365 for Education and Google Workspace for Education by public education has raised significant concerns, including student privacy, technological lock-in, as well as a privatization of educational governance. Because of their ‘non-onerous’ nature, there is limited open documentation to understand the scope and substance of these agreements. This study explores the associations between public education with large software corporations associated with surveillance capitalism in Brazil. The data, requested via formal requests for information sent to all states, demonstrate that the majority of states have adopted these platforms, with a sharp rise during the COVID-19 pandemic. An in-depth legal analysis of the contracts shows that the apparently ‘non-onerous’ nature of these contracts can be used to obscure the business models of surveillance capitalism, which are based on data extraction and processing. Implications for educational governance and school actors are discussed.

Інститут корпоративної звітності: особливості ґенези та проблеми розвитку

Reporting is the main source of information for internal and external stakeholders. It is emphasized that the main purpose of financial statements is to provide financial information about the reporting entity that is useful to all investors and creditors in making decisions about the resources of such an entity. However, the emergence of new accounting objects and social and environmental problems of humanity create an information crisis that public financial reporting cannot solve. The contemporary information crisis is not the first in the history of corporate reporting, but it has given rise to problems that cannot be solved by traditional accounting tools – double entry bookkeeping. The reasons for recognizing the imperfection of corporate reporting by the international regulator are identified, which are the insufficient level of satisfaction of all information requests of various stakeholders. It is substantiated that in the context of market globalization, a significant gap has emerged between the market value of companies and their book value, which is presented in consolidated financial statements and general purpose financial statements. In addition, new challenges related to the implementation of sustainable development policies have begun to emerge. These trends are accompanied by the emergence of new stakeholders, in particular, non-profit organizations and civil society, which have begun to formulate their own requests to international and national regulators and companies regarding the environmental impact of their activities. All of this is leading to a crisis in traditional public financial reporting, as there is a need for additional financial and non-financial information that cannot be fully provided by public financial reporting institutions. The purpose of the article is to investigate the development of the institution of corporate reporting in an evolutionary context on the example of European countries (for example Great Britain, France, Germany). Using the historical method, the author has carried out a periodization of the development of corporate reporting as a social institution. Moreover, the paper deals with the features of each corporate reporting development stage. This makes it possible to better understand the nature of the emergence of corporate reporting when studying its essence. The paper type – research paper.

E-commerce on Hardware sales: A case study of Computer technologies Union in Owerri, Nigeria.

The incorporation of computers into contemporary company operations has significantly altered productivity and communication, essentially making paper-based file systems outdated. The advancement of technology has made it possible to manage data more accurately, streamline procedures, and obtain information more quickly. Better managerial skills are now a trademark of the digital age, allowing companies to accurately and quickly respond to information requests. Innovative business models have also been made possible by the transition to digital technology, especially in the areas of customer engagement and operational management. A more dynamic and responsive business environment has been made possible by the automation of repetitive processes, real-time data analysis, and enhanced communication channels. This has allowed organisations to respond to shifting market conditions with accuracy and agility. A significant advancement in this digital shift is the emergence of e-commerce platforms. These platforms have facilitated a smooth and mutually beneficial relationship between businesses and customers. Online shopping provides customers with an unparalleled level of ease, enabling them to peruse, evaluate, and buy things from the comfort of their own homes. These websites give businesses access to a wider market, an extra source of income, and insightful data analytics on consumer behaviour. By providing easy navigation, safe payment choices, and personalised experiences, the e-commerce model improves client engagement. The transition to e-commerce has increased revenues as well as customer happiness and brand loyalty by offering a convenient and effective purchasing experience. For Computer Technologies Union (CTU) in Owerri, the project's goal was to create an e-commerce website that would improve customer interaction and business operations in response to current trends. To enable simple online purchases, the website was built with a feature-rich catalogue of store merchandise and an intuitive shopping cart. The system was designed to be reliable, scalable, and effective by utilising a three-tier design. Although the middle layer, which used PHP, handled business logic with ease, the backend MySQL database ensured dependable data management. Shopping was simple and easy with the client interface, which could be accessed via a web browser. The speed and precision of service delivery at CTU Owerri were greatly enhanced by the new system after it was fully implemented. While the firm benefited from increased operational efficiency and the ability to better meet customer expectations, customers had a convenient and pleasurable shopping experience. In addition to modernising CTU Owerri's operations, this calculated decision gave it a competitive edge in the online market.

Економічна сутність та роль бухгалтерської звітності в інформаційному забезпеченні державного управління

The work aims to analyze the economic essence and role of accounting reporting in the information provision of state administration in modern economic conditions. The research methodology included the following research methods: terminological analysis – to clarify to the city the essence of the concept of “information provision” of the state administration system; the method of analysis and synthesis – in order to adapt the concept of reporting to modern conditions of state administration; monographic analysis – to define and characterize approaches to the role of accounting reporting in the information provision of public administration; systematic approach – in order to determine the content of the information provision of reporting of the state administration system based on the conducted research. It is highlighted that the state administration system has also changed under the influence of information technologies. As a result, the number of scientific concepts and approaches to understanding the term “information provision” has increased. Based on definitions of the concept of “information provision” in the aspects of state administration, the following approaches are distinguished: the process of processing information, the process of satisfying information requests, the administrative aspect, the process of the total number of bodies and resources, a set of measures. The author’s definition of “information provision of reporting of the state administration system” is presented. The definitions of the entity “reporting,” “accounting reporting,” and “financial reporting” have been systematized according to various sources. We believe that financial reporting is a component of accounting reporting. It is distinguished by the fact that it discloses information about its financial condition and the results of business entities for external and internal use. Regarding the concept of accounting and financial reporting, we note that “accounting reporting” is a broader concept and can be presented to both internal and external users. Internal reporting is intended for the needs of internal management of the enterprise and its divisions and may contain confidential information that is not disclosed. External reporting, including financial reporting, reflects the financial and economic activity of the enterprise as a whole and is a means of informing external users – interested legal entities and individuals – about the activities, income, expenses, financial results, property status of the enterprise, and can be used at the enterprise itself. Keywords: information provision, reporting, information provision of public administration system reporting, accounting reporting, financial reporting, public administration.

The Role and Place of Prosecutorial Supervision over the Activities of the Eurasian Economic Commission in the field of Antimonopoly Regulation within the Framework of the Functioning of the Eurasian Economic Space

Currently, taking into account the new circumstances in which the economy operates, greater importance is attached to such an economic association as the Eurasian Economic Union. The article analyzes one of the areas of authority vested in the Commission — the sphere of competition policy, since the Commission considers applications, conducts investigations, considers cases of violation of competition rules, sends appropriate requests for information to consider cases of violation of competition rules, if a violation or signs of a violation have been committed on the cross-border market of the Union. But who exercises control and supervisory functions over the activities of this body and should there be such control and supervision? This article will be devoted to these issues, which require analysis taking into account the scientific approach and law enforcement. The author analyzes the powers of the Eurasian Economic Commission in the field of competition policy. Reveals such gaps in Union law as the lack of a mechanism for challenging determinations of refusal to initiate proceedings on violation of competition rules and other powers of the Eurasian Economic Commission.

Ignored inequities: Critical analysis of the pre-launch development of British Columbia's “Stop Overdose” campaign

BackgroundSubstance use stigma has been positioned as a major driver of drug toxicity mortality. In response, governmental and public health organizations across Canada have invested significant resources into mass media campaigns that target stigma. Many of these campaigns feature images or stories about people who use drugs (PWUD). Although stigma and drug toxicity death disproportionately impact racially and economically marginalized PWUD, these campaigns often over-represent White, middle-class individuals. This effectively ignores intersecting roles of racism and classism in the experience of stigma and drug toxicity mortality. MethodsTo investigate how this pattern of representation might occur, we examined the development process of the British Columbia (BC) Government's “Stop Overdose” anti-stigma campaign launched in 2018. We aimed to identify strategic goals, decisions, and underlying ideas that could help explain the campaign's eventual focus on White, middle-class PWUD. Through a Freedom of Information request we obtained 320 pages of documents from the BC Government outlining the real-time development, testing, and evaluation of the first wave of the campaign. We analyzed these documents using reflexive thematic analysis. ResultsWe identified that campaign developers had a marked focus on challenging stereotypes about PWUD and humanizing PWUD, while ensuring the campaign was relevant to BC residents. To achieve these goals, campaign developers ultimately avoided images of what they deemed the inaccurately “stereotypical” marginalized drug user. Instead, they featured PWUD in more privileged social positions. By attaching labels like “co-worker” to this imagery, developers felt mainstream BC residents could relate to and have more empathy for these PWUD compared to marginalized PWUD. ConclusionsIn effect, these strategies perpetuated the exclusion and dehumanization of marginalized PWUD facing disproportionate harms of the drug toxicity crisis. Since anti-stigma campaigns remain a common intervention, we highlight a need for strategic approaches informed by more critical perspectives on substance use stigma.

National retrospective registry survey on the epidemiology of sarcoidosis in Finland 2002−2022

BackgroundThe prevalence of sarcoidosis is known to be high in the Nordic countries. There are no recent research data on the incidence or prevalence of sarcoidosis in Finland. Our aim...

Ensuring Adherence to 2023 National Institute of Excellence (Nice) Guidelines for CT Scans in Head Injury Cases in a Teaching Hospital in Basra, Iraq: A Clinical Audit.

Objective The objective of this audit was to find out whether brain CT scans performed on patients with head trauma in BasraTeaching Hospital (BTH) adhere to the 2023 National Institute of Excellence (NICE) guidance for head injury (NG232) and whether we can improve this with selected interventions. Methodology We performed a clinical audit in two cycles; in the first cycle, we collected data retrospectively over a monthin February 2024. The data was sourced from the imaging request forms and patient records at BTH. We then analyzed the data and implemented four key interventions to improve the outcome. After that, we performed our second audit cycle over an additional 30-day period during April 2024. Results Cycle One involved 59 patients, while Cycle Two involved 46. There was a significant decrease in scans requested outside of the NICE guidance, from 59.3% in Cycle One to 17.4% in Cycle Two (p<0.05). We also noticed a significant increase in the one-hour indication scans, from 32% in Cycle One to 65.2% in Cycle Two (p<0.05). Conclusion Our study findings reveal that by following some simple interventions, we significantly improved the adherence of our emergency department to the 2023 NICE guidelines for head CT following head trauma.

English Needs by Hotel Receptionists in Sikka: An Analysis of English for Hospitality

The urgency of this research is to improve the quality of hotel services in the Sikka district by identifying hotel receptionist’s needs and challenges in using English. In addition, understanding the English communication needs of hotel receptionists may provide beneficial insight into the industry of hotels and hospitality. This research aims to analyze the English needs of hotel receptionists and identify the importance of using English and the challenges often faced in communicating using English. This research was conducted in several hotels in the Sikka district using qualitative methods. This research employs in-depth interviews with 4 hotel receptionists to gain comprehensive data. The results showed that good English skills are indispensable for receptionists to serve guests more effectively, provide accurate information, handle complaints or special requests from foreign guests, create positive experiences, and support the growth of the hotel business. In addition, this research found that the main challenges faced by receptionists in communicating using English include a lack of technical vocabulary, difficulty understanding different accents and dialects, and constraints in responding quickly and appropriately in emergencies. Solutions to overcome the challenges are continuous and focused English training is essential to overcome these challenges and improve the communication skills of hotel receptionists. In addition, the use of technology such as translator apps can help language obstacles in real-time. In this case, receptionists can be more confident and competent in using English, thus providing better service to international guests.

Information Overload-Do We Read All the Posters Displayed Across the Walls on Hospital Wards?

To establish whether posters displayed across the walls on hospital wards are read, what information is important, and how the information should be received. Sixty-eight staff and 32 patients' relatives were interviewed across 3 older people's medical wards followed by 20 follow-up secondary questionnaires postintervention. Only 23% of those interviewed were able to recall any of the posters displayed, and of those, 34% did not find the information useful. Those interviewed were enthusiastic about utilizing alternative media. A quarter felt the walls across the hospitals wards should be for artwork. Among patients' relatives interviewed, common information requests were "the discharge pathway," "delirium," and "falls." Based on the initial findings, a targeted information board was installed and a mural was painted across the wall in one of the wards. Further post-intervention interviews with patients' relatives showed that the board was well received, but further unmet information needs were uncovered. Despite the new mural, 45% called for more paintings. Most people ignore the posters displayed across the walls of hospital wards, and unmet information needs are rife. An appetite exists for alternative media. Paintings were earnestly called for, highlighting how a comforting environment could be part of the holistic care we offer patients in hospital.

Assessing, Advising, and Advancing the Filling Practices of the Radiology Request Form in Africa: A Systematic Review.

Despite the increased use of diagnostic imaging in Africa, the completion of the Radiology Request Form (RRF) remains suboptimal, often relying on paper-based communication. To examine the practices surrounding RRF completion in the African continent, on 25 March 2024, we conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed articles describing the practice in African settings. Non-African studies, studies involving non-human subjects, and articles examining the practice of the RRF for interventional usage were excluded. Our search involves PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and African Journals Online. The included studies were 3004, of which 30 met the inclusion criteria. These studies span eight countries and highlighted several shortcomings, including the usage of informal forms, unconventional abbreviations, illegibility, inaccuracy, and the lack of important fields from institutional forms, commonly the last menstrual period and the referrer's contact details. We also found widespread non-compliance in all RRF fields; half of the studies did not have an adequately filled form. Incomplete RRFs lead to delayed imaging, increased workloads for radiographers and radiologists, and potential misdiagnoses due to insufficient information. It will also impede the application of radiation protection principles. To address these challenges, empowering radiographers and radiologists and encouraging best practices is essential. Regular audits and educational initiatives aimed at clinicians are recommended. While transitioning to a paperless communication system might help, implementing nationwide quality improvement projects to standardise radiology request forms is currently more feasible.

Optimizing Regulatory Reviews for Clinical Protocols that Use Radiopharmaceuticals: Findings of the University of Pennsylvania Radiation Research Safety Committee.

Institutional radiation safety committees review research studies with radiation exposure. However, ensuring that the potential patient benefit and knowledge gained merit the radiation risks involved often necessitates revisions that inadvertently delay protocol activations. This quality-improvement study analyzed protocols, identified factors associated with approval time by a radiation safety committee, and developed guidelines to expedite reviews without compromising quality. Clinical protocols submitted to the University of Pennsylvania's Radiation Research Safety Committee (RRSC) for review between 2017 and 2021 were studied. Protocol characteristics, review outcome, stipulations, and approval times were summarized. Statistical analysis (Spearman's rho) was used to investigate stipulations and approval time; rank-sum analysis (Kruskal-Wallis or Wilcoxon) was used to determine whether approval time differed by protocol characteristics. One hundred ten (110) protocols were analyzed. Approximately two-thirds of protocols used approved radiopharmaceuticals to aid investigational therapy trials. Twenty-three percent (23%) of protocols received RRSC approval, and 73% had approval withheld with stipulations, which included requests for edits or additional information. Submissions had a median of three stipulations. Median and mean RRSC approval times were 62 and 80.1 d, and 41% of protocols received RRSC approval after IRB approval. RRSC approval time was positively correlated with stipulations (Spearman's rho = 0. 632, p < 0.001). RRSC approval time was longer for studies using investigational new drugs (median 80 d) than approved radiopharmaceuticals (median 57 d, p = 0.05). The review process is lengthy and may benefit from changes, including publishing standardized radiation safety language and commonly required documents and encouraging timely response to stipulations.