Towards a machine-interpretable calibration certificate for radioactivity.

Trump tariff policies shock information flows across major global equity markets

The importance of information flow within auditors’ client portfolios to audit quality

This study investigates the risk spillover network among major stock market indices of G20 countries from 2003 to 2024. Transfer entropy is employed to measure the asymmetric and nonlinear information flow between stock markets. Based on this key metric, a directed and weighted risk spillover network among stock markets is constructed using the threshold method during periods of extreme events. Utilizing complex network theories, such as PageRank and betweenness centrality, the study analyzes the macro-topological characteristics of the risk spillover network and identifies key nodes. The findings not only demonstrate strong information interaction among G20 stock markets but also show that European and North American markets exhibit regional clustering characteristics, while emerging markets serve as bridging nodes in the risk spillover network. These results offer theoretical and practical insights for portfolio management, risk monitoring, and cross-border financial regulation and crisis management.

Sharing of Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) has turned out to be an indispensable pillar of the modern cybersecurity landscape, it is enabling organizations to defend against the evolving threats. In this white paper, we will discuss the strategies to optimize the sharing of threat intelligence across multiple security platforms in the enterprise and community context. We will observe the current standards and practices, like Structured Threat Information eXpression (STIX) and trusted Automated Exchange of Indicator Information (TAXII) protocols, and also examine the role of these standards in integrating the Threat Intelligence Platforms (TIPs) with Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) systems. We will observe the impact of threat intelligence exchange through real-world case studies and how the cybersecurity attacks are mitigated, along with the challenges that are encountered (e.g., technical integration gaps, data overload, trust and privacy issues). We will also discuss the limitations in the current approaches, which include the inconsistent adoption of the standards, there is a prevalence of indicators with low context, and siloed systems that impede the information flow. The landscape of the emerging solutions, the future directions will be explored, machine learning prioritized to reduce the false positives, a decentralized sharing architecture by leveraging blockchain and federated learning for privacy, and also trust frameworks to incentivize collaboration. Through addressing the present challenges and leveraging the advanced technologies, organizations will be able to create a unified and effective threat intelligence sharing ecosystem that will strengthen the collective cyber defense.

This study investigates the text-forming features of demonstrative pronouns in modern English by examining their semantic, syntactic, and discourse-pragmatic functions. While the classification of pronouns as an independent part of speech remains debated, the analysis demonstrates that demonstratives—this, that, these, those, such, and the same—play a central role in structuring textual meaning. Through a detailed examination of temporal, spatial, discourse, anaphoric, and cataphoric deixis, the study reveals that demonstrative pronouns contribute significantly to cohesion and coherence by reducing lexical repetition, organizing thematic continuity, and guiding reader interpretation. A key contribution of this research is the systematic differentiation between situational (direct) and contextual (in-text) demonstrative models, which clarifies how reference shifts between physical contexts and discourse environments. Additionally, the study highlights the replacement and compression functions of demonstratives, showing how they summarize or substitute complex textual units to enhance readability and information flow. The findings offer important theoretical and practical insights for text linguistics, discourse analysis, stylistics, translation studies, and language pedagogy, demonstrating that demonstrative pronouns are essential components of the text creation mechanism in modern English.

ABSTRACT Policy makers are concerned with the accuracy of GDP forecasts and want to understand the reasons for the revision of forecasts. We study these issues by examining forecasts of annual UK GDP growth by a panel of agents, published monthly by HM Treasury. We focus on two main issues: the developing accuracy of the group‐mean forecast as horizons shorten and the identification of information categories underlying agents' forecast revisions. The accuracy of the group‐mean forecast is poor; there is evidence of information rigidity in forecasts within the target year, and accuracy only improves in May of the target year when contemporary information flows lead to increased accuracy. We find a pessimism bias; the median errors of group‐mean forecasts are increasingly positive for horizons shorter than 17 months. We seek to explain revisions to both long‐ and short‐horizon group‐mean forecasts and individual agent forecasts. Modeling individual agents' forecast revisions using a moving window, we note a consistent tendency by agents to revise their forecast towards the group‐mean. Although their importance varied over time, the main information categories explaining revisions were, over longer horizons, the cost of finance, production, and a business confidence indicator. FX rates and inflation were influential over shorter horizons.

Today, the development of communication and information processes is technology-based, including in Islamic educational institutions. In response to advancements in information technology, the Ministry of Religious Affairs, through the Decree of the Director General of Islamic Education Number 5974 of 2019, established regulations regarding the use of the Education Management Information System (EMIS) application as an educational management information system. Aligned with the importance of information flow within an institution, Islamic educational institutions are increasingly required to utilize and manage information systems effectively and efficiently. The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the implementation of the Education Management Information System (EMIS) as a management information system at MI Muhammadiyah Kalipetung, Banyumas Regency. This study employs a descriptive, qualitative research method, drawing on sociological and psychological approaches. Data were obtained through interviews with the principal, the school operator, teachers, and students at MI Muhammadiyah Kalipetung, Banyumas Regency, as well as through observation and documentation. The data sources consist of primary and secondary data. The research process included data collection, data presentation, data reduction, and conclusion drawing. The results indicate that the implementation of the Education Management Information System (EMIS) as a model of educational management information system—analyzed from the resource aspects of staff, information, authority, and facilities—has been effectively implemented at MI Muhammadiyah Kalipetung, Banyumas Regency. The implementation of EMIS is considered successful and beneficial for all related parties, contributing to improvements in educational quality and standards at MI Muhammadiyah Kalipetung.

ABSTRACT Wave‐based platforms for unconventional computing require a controlled yet adjustable flow of wave information, integrated with non‐volatile data storage. Spin waves are ideal for such platforms due to their inherent nonreciprocal properties and direct interaction with magnetic storage. This study demonstrates how spin‐wave nonreciprocity, induced by dipolar interactions in nanowaveguides with antiparallel out‐of‐plane magnetization, enables the realization of a spin‐wave circulator for unidirectional signal transport and advanced routing. The device's functionality can be continuously reconfigured using a magnetic domain wall with adjustable position, offering non‐volatile control over output and nonreciprocity. These features are illustrated using a spin‐wave directional coupler, validated through micromagnetic simulations and analytical models, which also support the functions of a waveguide crossing, tunable power splitter, and frequency multiplexer. The proposed domain‐wall‐based reconfiguration, combined with nonlinear spin‐wave behavior, holds promise for developing a nanoscale, nonlinear wave computing platform with self‐learning capabilities.

ABSTRACT Objectives. To assess challenges and opportunities within the mortality information systems of Ecuador and Trinidad and Tobago to support the implementation of the International Classification of Diseases, 11th revision (ICD-11) coding system. Methods. We applied a qualitative approach using business process mapping, a systems thinking tool that visualizes workflows, stakeholder roles, and information flows. The study had four phases: document review; pre-workshop consultations; development of country-specific process maps; and participatory workshops with stakeholders. Data collection and analysis were conducted between May 2022 and July 2023. Results. The transition to ICD-11 presents complex, system-wide challenges. Analysis of process maps revealed inefficiencies and structural gaps across five key areas: governance and coordination; data capture and standardization; human resources and training; technology and infrastructure; and reporting and dissemination. Both countries face inconsistent use of ICD-10 versions, a shortage of trained coders, reliance on paper-based processes, and limited inter-agency data sharing. However, opportunities also emerged, including strong stakeholder interest, pilot digital initiatives, and regional support through the Pan American Health Organization and Caribbean Public Health Agency. Conclusions. The findings from Ecuador and Trinidad and Tobago illustrate systemic barriers common in mortality data systems transitioning to ICD-11. Overcoming these challenges will require targeted investments in digital infrastructure, improved inter-agency coordination, and workforce development. Applying systems thinking and business process mapping can guide countries in strengthening their mortality surveillance systems and managing ICD-11 implementation effectively.

In this tutorial article, we expose the mechanisms underlying the design of optimization algorithms based on so-called dynamic integral quadratic constraints. These tools from robust control allow one to systematically construct accelerated first-order optimization algorithms with optimal guaranteed convergence rates by solving small-sized semidefinite programs. This is possible even if the information flow from and to the gradient is subject to nontrivial dynamics such as delays. Numerical experiments not only illustrate how to recover accelerated gradient algorithms by design but also unveil the flexibility of this approach gained from its embedding into systems theory and controller design, relying on the generalized plant framework.

Decades of research into the noncoding transcriptome have unveiled a complex, multilayered web of molecular interactions that govern gene expression, protein synthesis, and cellular function, challenging the once-presumed linear simplicity of the flow of genetic information. In bacteria, highly diverse small RNAs (sRNAs) play a crucial role in gene expression, often acting at the heart of large regulatory networks to modulate cellular processes through direct base-pairing interactions with target messenger RNAs (mRNAs). The expression of most sRNAs is tightly controlled at the level of transcription, but RNA sponges have recently emerged as an additional layer of regulation restricting sRNA activity and abundance. By titrating sRNAs and influencing their interactions with target mRNAs and RNA-binding proteins, RNA sponges contribute to the fine-tuning of global gene expression networks. In addition, the integration of RNA sponges into functional loops promotes elegant crosstalk between major regulons at the posttranscriptional level.

The aim of the article is, firstly, to show the evolution of information services in public space in connection with the emergence of new technologies. Secondly, the article proposes new ideas for providing selected information services using the latest technological and organisational solutions. The article aims to show that new technologies not only significantly improve the flow of information but also become the basis for new services in smart spaces. As a leading example, virtual announcement columns, the task of which is to facilitate access to local information depending on a given place (location) and time, are described. These boards are the equivalent of traditional places for posting local announcements and messages in paper form. However, the comfort of their use is greater, and thanks to this, their usefulness in public space is also more significant. As a result, the collection of residents’ opinions, ad-hoc help for tourists, etc., have been improved. The proposed solutions are based on new technologies, such as Bluetooth location beacons with variable information and QR codes. They are addressed to owners of mobile phones and can be used in public urban areas.

Antitrust has adopted the “marketplace of ideas” from the First Amendment. The essence of this standard is that people should rationally demand the truth, thereby causing accurate information to overcome falsehoods without antitrust’s help. This has, though, produced an odd approach in which antitrust promotes the flow of information without any regard for its truthfulness. Indeed, antitrust courts have ruled that misinformation’s remedy must come from more speech as opposed to enforcement. Judges have also asserted that misinformation is a form of competition, versus an anticompetitive act, because aggrieved companies can win over consumers by exposing their rivals’ lies. In fact, antitrust refuses to scrutinize whether misinformation entails a consequence of monopoly power, despite the prevalence of inaccurate content in concentrated markets like journalism, digital platforms, and more. That said, what if people consume information in ways that defy antitrust’s expectations? Whereas antitrust refuses to remedy misinformation because consumers should rationally consume truthful information, perhaps people may actually prefer misinformation. This Article delves into cognitive and behavioral scholarship to explain why misinformation thrives in voids of competition. It shows that people become increasingly likely to demand misinformation in (1) rational and (2) irrational ways when competition declines. First, cognitive biases and conditions such as anxiety and depression have not only spurred people to find comfort in misinformation but to do so where they irrationally accept costs including, say, incarceration, sickness, or unemployment. This is especially prevalent in the absence of journalism, as dominant platforms can flood users’ feeds with misleading content meant to induce anxiety, enrage, comfort, and grab attention. Second, espousing misinformation can qualify as rational when it allows a person to join a community, find purpose, or maximize their welfare. These dynamics help to explain why misinformation has exploded in rural areas, news deserts, and informational monopolies where social isolation is greatest and credible news has dried up. Given misinformation’s prevalence in concentrated markets, the answer should come from more competition rather than just more speech. Knowing that antitrust law redresses inefficiencies caused by monopolies and trade restraints, enforcement should begin to treat misinformation as a market failure. When anticompetitive conduct creates a bottleneck of information, monopolists can generate revenue from filling voids with false and misleading content. Because monopoly power creates incentives to spread misinformation, and people become especially prone to believing falsehoods when living in a news desert, antitrust could attack the market structures that enable misinformation. Not only would this approach foster accurate information without entering unconstitutional waters like forcing a news organization or website to publish both sides of a debate, but it could better align antitrust with the First Amendment. To do so, antitrust must first assess why monopolies, news deserts, and informational vacuums impede “rational actors” from consuming truthful content. In fact, this research would help to inform recent developments, as the White House, Supreme Court Justices, subcommittees of the House of Representatives, Federal Trade Commission, and more have begun to debate antitrust’s evolving treatment of speech, information, and misinformation.

Amid increasing democratic vulnerabilities and eroding trust in public institutions, citizen participation has become a matter of paramount societal importance. This study presents the view that citizen participation is a foundational element of future-oriented destination governance, yet remains marginalized compared with its central positioning in the theory of regional governance. This disparity is traced to the disciplinary origins of destination governance, rooted primarily in the economic discourse with a short-term emphasis on competitiveness and market efficiency over long-term societal interests. The study examines the rationale for integrating citizen participation into destination governance through a narrative review and assesses the extent to which participatory processes enable meaningful citizen engagement through a systematic review of 59 studies, using Arnstein's Ladder of Citizen Participation as an underlying framework. Two complementary rationales are identified, corresponding to a socio-spatial perspective, which views destinations as dynamic living spaces shaped by interactions among local communities, visitors, and other stakeholders; and an economic perspective, which positions citizens as co-creators of tourism value and emphasizes the long-term potential of participation to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of destination governance. Findings of the systematic review reveal that citizen participation remains largely tokenistic, without genuine redistribution of decision-making power. Participatory processes vary considerably in duration and design, spanning from one-time initiatives to institutionalized mechanisms embedded within governance structures. While the study provides an integrated understanding of citizen participation in destination governance, its scope is bounded by the nature of a systematic review. Advancing citizen participation in destination governance requires replacing rhetorical commitment with targeted power-sharing and transparent information flows, underpinned by political goodwill that enables local communities to responsibly co-determine the future development of destinations that simultaneously serve as their living spaces.

ABSTRACT This article advances a theory of how attitudinal ambivalence links cross-cutting information flows to polarisation. Democratic ideals presuppose exposure to conflicting information in the public sphere supports deliberative opinion formation. Yet today’s digital communication environment increasingly produces attitude extremity rather than moderation. I position ambivalence – the holding of simultaneous positive and negative evaluations – as a pivotal psychological moderator of these effects. While mixed evaluations about a single attitude object can motivate careful reasoning, subjective ambivalence can generate discomfort that is resolved through attitude amplification, where one side of a conflict is exaggerated to reach a rigid, univalent position. I propose three features of contemporary public spheres that increase the likelihood of amplification among ambivalent individuals: information overload, decision stress, and social stigma. I derive testable propositions for future empirical research that would clarify when cross-cutting exposure deepens divides and how institutional design might steer ambivalence toward constructive deliberation.

Social communication has changed entirely because of the advancement of digital technology, especially in the context of religious life. With an emphasis on initiatives to foster peaceful discourse in the digital age, this study explores social communication from the perspectives of religious moderation and science. Using a literature review approach, this study examined scholarly works, research reports, and current scientific sources on social communication tactics, digital literacy, and religious moderation. The results show that religiously moderated communication can be a useful tool for reducing polarization, lowering the risk of online extremism, and promoting tolerance and respect for diversity. From a scientific standpoint, digital literacy plays a vital role in strengthening the public's critical ability toward the flow of information, allowing them to filter extremist propaganda, hate speech, and hoaxes. Additionally, communication tactics that combine scientific methods with religious principles can make messages more inclusive and logical, while also enhancing their validity. To create a healthy, moderate, and long-lasting social communication ecosystem, this study also highlights the significance of multi-stakeholder collaboration among religious leaders, academics, educators, digital media managers, and the government. Therefore, this study claims that integrating scientific and religious moderation is essential for fostering peaceful socio-religious discourse in the digital age.

Abstract This study examines the differential impact of 442 Airbnb announcements on financial markets across developed versus emerging and frontier economies using event study methodology. The analysis reveals striking asymmetries in market responses. Developed markets show minimal abnormal returns following announcements, suggesting efficient information processing. In contrast, emerging and frontier markets exhibit significant positive abnormal returns persisting over twenty days, indicating gradual price adjustment. Most notably, the study documents asymmetric spillover effects: announcements in emerging markets generate significant positive returns in developed market indices, while reverse spillovers remain negligible. This pattern challenges conventional assumptions about information flows from developed to emerging economies. Regression analysis reveals that pre-announcement volatility and global market performance systematically influence announcement effects only in emerging markets. These findings demonstrate how market development levels fundamentally shape responses to platform economy signals, with implications for investment strategies and financial market integration in the digital era.

ABSTRACT The improvement of regional digital infrastructure (RDI) significantly enhances the level of firm internationalization. Existing research has explored the role of digital technology in the internationalization process from various perspectives such as the resource-based view and transaction cost theory. Using the Broadband China Strategy as a quasi-natural experiment and employing a difference-in-differences (DID) model based on network effects theory, we find that RDI promotes internal enterprise digital transformation (EDT) and internationalization processes, with non-state-owned enterprises and large-scale enterprises benefiting the most. This study makes several contributions: it systematically analyzes the role of RDI in firm internationalization for the first time; robustly identifies the causal impact of RDI on firm internationalization using the Broadband China Strategy; and extends the application of network effects theory, emphasizing how RDI enhances connectivity and information flow among firms, amplifying network effects and promoting internationalization.

Dynamic spatiotemporal regulation of genetic information flow underlies all cellular processes, yet our current understanding still largely relies on static measurements. Real-time, dynamic recording of genetic information flow along the central dogma is therefore essential to reveal both the processes and molecular mechanisms at play. Recent advances in live-cell imaging, single-molecule fluorescence, super-resolution microscopy, gene editing, and computational analysis have greatly enhanced our ability to visualize genetic information flow across spatial and temporal scales. This review synthesizes the historical development, underlying principles, and technical implementations of dynamic DNA and RNA imaging approaches, comparing their capabilities, limitations, and optimal applications. We highlight key biological insights afforded by these methods-including chromatin dynamics, transcriptional bursting, RNA processing and transport, and localized translation-and discuss how multimodal integration with orthogonal biochemical and genomic techniques strengthens mechanistic interpretation. Finally, we identify current challenges and necessary breakthroughs. A deeper understanding of the fundamental principles governing dynamic genetic information flow could pave the way for deciphering the operational principles of non-equilibrium complex systems, thereby unlocking the organizational logic of complex living systems.