Informal Internet Research Articles

Виртуалното езикотворчество в служба на хумора в интернет

The article addresses humorous texts in informal internet as a result of the linguo-creative thinking of the network person. The article examines samples of language play in such digital hybrid genres as memes and its varieties. The article describes the author’s techniques, actively used within the framework of virtual word-making and analyses some of the linguistic and supra-lingual features, which have a serious impact on the quality of comic utterance, which is examined from the point of view of various theories of humor as well.

Speech Genre of <i>Congratulation</i> in Asymmetric Communication

The article describes the pragmatic, semantic, and axiological features of the speech genre of congratulation complement in pedagogical discourse with asymmetric communicants. The research material included 170 fragments. The research revealed two groups based on semantic, axiological, pragmatic, and linguistic differences: personal informal internet congratulations made by teaching staff to students and formal public speeches given by university rectors and teaching staff to students published on official websites of universities. The analysis relied on the factor of formality / informality. The differences between formal and informal congratulations manifested themselves in the content, language, and tactics. Both types were detailed and poly-intentional. The informal congratulations touched upon the addressee's personality, hobbies, achievements, and character traits. The formal congratulations showed a much greater distance between the sender and the addressee. They focused on the addressee's status, not personality. The texts often reflected current events, e.g., in 2019–2020 they touched upon the COVID-2019 pandemic.

Активные процессы в синтаксисе современной русской речи в свете лингвосемиотической и лингвокогнитивной интерпретации

The paper examines the ways of implementation and syntactic organization of the discourse of the Russian segment of the Internet as a syncretic phenomenon that organically combines the principles of actualizing oral and written forms of communication. The methods of linguosemiotic and linguo-cognitive analysis of discourse as an information flow, based on the ideas of Yu. S. Stepanov, V. Z. Demyankov, U. Chafe and others are applied in the work. The research material is text data extracted from the Russian National Corpus and obtained by the method of continuous sampling based on the results of the author’s own Internet monitoring. The study shows that the syntax of Internet speech is not reduced to the process of hybridization of traditionally existing oral and written forms of language existence. In the usus of the information environment of the informal Internet, their own norms are developed, which are organic for the conditions of communication offered in this environment. The specific role of syntactic models of parcelling, segmentation, stringing techniques, graphic abbreviations, and other paraverbal means in informal Internet communication is analyzed. Also, special attention is paid to the originality of the punctuation design of speech on the Internet, the emergence of new punctuation norms. The author came at a conclusion that the Internet discourse is a new equal third form of language existence, along with the traditionally distinguished oral and written forms.

Mechanisms of support for exclusive breastmilk expressers in the community: a scoping review

BackgroundThe World Health Organization recommends that infants be exclusively breastfed until the age of six months. Breastfeeding is generally understood to mean the provision of human breastmilk to the infant by direct feeding at the breast, and interventions aimed at supporting exclusive breastfeeding are therefore targeted at this activity. However, breastfeeding is actually an umbrella term covering the provision of breastmilk to an infant by any means. Our population of interest is mothers who exclusively feed their infants indirectly using expressed breastmilk. Some research suggests that any expressing, and exclusively expressing in particular, can be a risk factor for early cessation of exclusive breastmilk provision, so we were interested to identify whether any specific support existed for exclusively expressing mothers outside of the context of premature infants and the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit setting.MethodsA scoping review following the Joanna Briggs Institute approach was used to explore the phenomenon of formal and informal supports in the community for exclusively expressing mothers. Searches were run across academic databases and of government websites and infant feeding support organisations. Finally, an informal internet search was run using a simple search string.ResultsOn analysis of results, there were no studies or articles that met the search criteria. An informal internet search linked us directly with websites and blogs that could be considered a form of support intervention. These informal results suggest that support material or programs could possibly exist in other modalities but we cannot find them in the context of this type of scoping review.ConclusionsThe results of the search corroborated what we had suspected – that exclusively expressing mothers are not specifically supported by usual channels for new parents and that it is also difficult to find acknowledgement that exclusive expression exists.The absence of results demonstrates the relevance of this study: exclusively expressing mothers are an under-served population. If we wish to strive towards achievement of World Health Organization breastfeeding goals, exclusively expressing mothers require targeted support to assist in their infant feeding experience, and there is little formal evidence of it currently being provided.

The Roles of Informal Internet Tools in Supporting Formal Learning in Saudi Arabian Universities

The Roles of Informal Internet Tools in Supporting Formal Learning in Saudi Arabian Universities

Comparing Diagnostic and Treatment Recommendations of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Available on the Internet With AAOS Clinical Practice Guidelines.

Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is one of the most common diagnoses in a hand surgeon's office, with estimated cost exceeding US $2 billion annually in the United States. Due to this prevalence and cost, patients often turn to the Internet for their medical care. It has been estimated that 72% of Internet users have looked online for health information in the last year. There is concern that patients may be getting misinformation with their Internet medical searches. Methods: An informal survey of the Internet was conducted to evaluate the content available to the public on the Internet and social media platforms regarding the diagnosis and treatment of CTS. The top 20 listings of 3 major search engines and information within 3 major social media sites were included. Results: Information gleaned from the search showed that while most listings were helpful in providing accurate diagnostic information and appropriate treatment modalities, there was also a great number of treatment modalities mentioned that may not be recommended by the treating physician. The guidelines established by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons both in 2007 and in 2008 and more recently in 2016 were used as a general reference but not directly compared with the informal Internet search for statistical analysis. Conclusions: This search outlines the importance of the information readily available to patients and how this may potentially alter patients' expectations prior to their arrival in the office.

An Informal Internet Survey on the Current State of Consciousness Science.

The scientific study of consciousness emerged as an organized field of research only a few decades ago. As empirical results have begun to enhance our understanding of consciousness, it is important to find out whether other factors, such as funding for consciousness research and status of consciousness scientists, provide a suitable environment for the field to grow and develop sustainably. We conducted an online survey on people’s views regarding various aspects of the scientific study of consciousness as a field of research. 249 participants completed the survey, among which 80% were in academia, and around 40% were experts in consciousness research. Topics covered include the progress made by the field, funding for consciousness research, job opportunities for consciousness researchers, and the scientific rigor of the work done by researchers in the field. The majority of respondents (78%) indicated that scientific research on consciousness has been making progress. However, most participants perceived obtaining funding and getting a job in the field of consciousness research as more difficult than in other subfields of neuroscience. Overall, work done in consciousness research was perceived to be less rigorous than other neuroscience subfields, but this perceived lack of rigor was not related to the perceived difficulty in finding jobs and obtaining funding. Lastly, we found that, overall, the global workspace theory was perceived to be the most promising (around 28%), while most non-expert researchers (around 22% of non-experts) found the integrated information theory (IIT) most promising. We believe the survey results provide an interesting picture of current opinions from scientists and researchers about the progresses made and the challenges faced by consciousness research as an independent field. They will inspire collective reflection on the future directions regarding funding and job opportunities for the field.

Needs and trends of lexical borrowing in written Lithuanian in 1991-2013

The paper introduces available databases of new borrowings into Lithuanian and research into their main features and usage in public written texts, including the Internet, in 1991–2013. The research has shown that new borrowings of the Lithuanian language and the process of borrowing follow the same universal and general patterns noticed in other speech communities. Overall, about 1 500 different new borrowings and borrowed derivatives that have entered the Lithuanian language since early 90ies have been included into the databases. Due to the normative tradition of standard written Lithuanian, in more formal domains there is a tendency to graphically highlight borrowings either by inserting the quotation marks or by writing the borrowings in italics. However, in informal Internet texts (chats, commentaries, etc.) the borrowings are usually not highlighted. The morphological adaptation of most borrowings and orthographical adaptation of a large part of them give a clue to the integration potential of the Lithuanian structural paradigms. The distribution of the new borrowings across the word classes follows the patterns identified in other research: most borrowings are nouns, a much lower number of them are adjectives and verbs and a rather insignificant number are adverbs. Most new borrowings in the studied period include borrowings from English (approx. 70 per cent). Borrowings from other languages are much less numerous: depending on a text type, neo-Latinisms make up 5–8 per cent, words of French origin—3–7 per cent, words of Italian origin—4–5 per cent and Greek borrowings—2–3 per cent. The domains that include most new borrowings are technology and engineering, food, economics and business, also music. As already mentioned, borrowings from English clearly dominate in most domains. However, the semantic field of food seems to be the most diverse in terms of the origin of borrowings: most borrowings are of Italian origin, others come from of English, French, Spanish, Japanese and other languages. French and neoclassical borrowings make up more than 70 per cent of all borrowed law terms and almost 40 per cent of the terms of economics and business. The research of new borrowings into Lithuanian reveals fundamental changes in the socio-cultural development of the society and highlights the potential of the Lithuanian language to adapt to the needs of the speakers and to preserve the marks of ongoing cultural changes.

Factors Influencing Performance of Internet-Based Biosurveillance Systems Used in Epidemic Intelligence for Early Detection of Infectious Diseases Outbreaks

BackgroundInternet-based biosurveillance systems have been developed to detect health threats using information available on the Internet, but system performance has not been assessed relative to end-user needs and perspectives.Method and FindingsInfectious disease events from the French Institute for Public Health Surveillance (InVS) weekly international epidemiological bulletin published in 2010 were used to construct the gold-standard official dataset. Data from six biosurveillance systems were used to detect raw signals (infectious disease events from informal Internet sources): Argus, BioCaster, GPHIN, HealthMap, MedISys and ProMED-mail. Crude detection rates (C-DR), crude sensitivity rates (C-Se) and intrinsic sensitivity rates (I-Se) were calculated from multivariable regressions to evaluate the systems’ performance (events detected compared to the gold-standard) 472 raw signals (Internet disease reports) related to the 86 events included in the gold-standard data set were retrieved from the six systems. 84 events were detected before their publication in the gold-standard. The type of sources utilised by the systems varied significantly (p<0001). I-Se varied significantly from 43% to 71% (p = 0001) whereas other indicators were similar (C-DR: p = 020; C-Se, p = 013). I-Se was significantly associated with individual systems, types of system, languages, regions of occurrence, and types of infectious disease. Conversely, no statistical difference of C-DR was observed after adjustment for other variables.ConclusionAlthough differences could result from a biosurveillance system's conceptual design, findings suggest that the combined expertise amongst systems enhances early detection performance for detection of infectious diseases. While all systems showed similar early detection performance, systems including human moderation were found to have a 53% higher I-Se (p = 00001) after adjustment for other variables. Overall, the use of moderation, sources, languages, regions of occurrence, and types of cases were found to influence system performance.

Virtual community consultation? Using the literature and weblogs to link community perspectives and health technology assessment.

Community views, expressed in social impact assessments and collected through community consultation, should play an important role in health technology assessment (HTA). Yet HTA methodologists have been slow to include outcomes of these forms of inquiry in analyses, in part because collecting community views is time-consuming and resource intensive. To explore how community views sourced from published studies, grey literature and informal internet web pages can inform HTA. A technology reviewed by Adelaide HTA in 2004 was selected: retinal photography for detection of diabetic retinopathy. Published literature, 'grey' literature and informal web pages were searched to examine the availability of evidence about service community and user community views with respect to this technology. Particular efforts were made to source evidence relating to rural, remote and Aboriginal populations. We found that journal articles, reports from the grey literature and informal internet web pages (including blogs and discussion forums) can provide valuable insight into community views. Although there was little empirical evidence relating to the experience of diabetes and diabetes management in rural, remote and Aboriginal communities, there were indications that some evidence may be transferable from other populations. Community perspectives on selected health technologies can be gauged from available resources in published and grey literature and perspectives collected in this way can provide insight into whether the introduction of the technology would be acceptable to the community. The limitations of this approach are discussed.

Can We Secure the Hallowed Halls of Academe?

Can We Secure the Hallowed Halls of Academe?

Toward a model for the study of children’s informal Internet use

Throughout history, the development and widespread use of new technologies has impacted human cognition and social structures. By integrating a range of cognitive and socio-cultural theories we are better able to understand the impact of technological tools, such as the Internet, on children in the context of their local and global communities. An integrated theoretical approach enables us to more comprehensively ascertain the potential of the Internet to significantly impact children’s cognitive processes and the larger social implications of this global phenomenon. This paper presents a small-scale exploratory study that, through the development of an Internet-mediated learning model, examines the skills and characteristics of young, competent Internet-users engaged in informal Internet activities. At present, there is much conjecture on the ways in which the Internet may affect learning and this paper describes an approach to research that could inform future data collection procedures and analysis in empirical studies.

Designing for developing contexts

Designing for developing contexts

Global alliance networks: A comparison of biotech SMEs in Sweden and Australia

The role of networks in business operations is widely recognized. We discuss social network theory, identify its main constituents, and outline a methodology and procedure that enable the identification and valuation of informal networks in an international business-to-business environment. Research is carried on informal Internet networks among firms in the biotechnology industry from Sweden and Australia. We use the methodology to recognize salient nodes, determine prominence and identify structural holes that allow the unveiling of brokerage opportunities that lie latent in networks. Global firms and suppliers of industrial products that are or can position themselves effectively in a social network are in a position to leverage considerable value.

What influences children's and adolescents' understanding of the complexity of the Internet?

This study aimed at analyzing complex relationships among Internet use, Internet users, and conceptual understanding of the Internet. It used path models to examine factors related to Internet use (duration of Internet use, frequency of Internet use, and informal Internet classes) and Internet users (age and gender) in affecting understanding of the technical and social complexity of the Internet for 322 elementary and middle school students. The findings of the study indicate that (a) age of young Internet users had predominant effects on both the technical and social understanding of the Internet; (b) frequency of Internet use and informal Internet classes had small but significant effects on social understanding, but no effect on technical understanding; and (c) technical understanding had a unidirectional effect on social understanding. The implications of these findings for the implementation of the Children's Internet Protection Act are discussed.

Swedish BioTech SMEs: The veiled values in online networks

For many years, sociologists have conceptualized and debated the value of ‘social capital’, the resources embedded in an actor's social network. The notions of network organizations and strategic alliances have become important forms of entrepreneurial venture, yet often the value in these networks is veiled by network complexity. These associations of individuals and organizations are typically undocumented, difficult to identify by third parties, and even pass unrecognized by their constituent members. They consist of informal Internet networks that are extremely valuable because of the strategic social capital embedded in them. Drawing on social network theory, this paper outlines a methodology for viewing and valuing informal Internet networks, using small-to-medium sized enterprises in the Swedish biotechnology arena as a backdrop. It demonstrates that networks can be constructed from the links between the web sites of actor firms, and that it is possible to use social network theory to identify the most prominent actors. Then, using structural hole analysis, the entrepreneurial opportunities surrounding these actors can be unveiled.

Elucidating Elusive Ensembles:: The Strategic Value of Informal Internet Networks

For many years, sociologists have conceptualized and debated the value of ‘social capital’: the resources embedded in an individual’s social network. More recently, the notions of network organizations and strategic alliances have become important forms of entrepreneurial venture. An important and often overlooked form of alliance on the Internet is what we call the ‘elusive ensemble’. These associations of individuals and organizations are typically undocumented, difficult to identify by third parties, and even pass unrecognized by their constituent members. They consist of informal Internet networks that are extremely valuable because of the strategic social capital embedded in them. Drawing on Social Network Theory, this paper outlines a methodology for viewing and valuing informal Internet networks, and in doing so offers guidance on improving the strategic efficacy of these elusive ensembles.

Long-term care research and policy.

This article provides a framework for understanding how long-term care (LTC) research contributes to policy, develops a typology of research contributions to policy with examples of each type, and suggests ways to ensure that contributions continue in the future. The article draws on in-depth interviews with LTC experts working at the interface between research and policy, as well as a small, informal Internet survey and the relevant political science and health policy literature. LTC research makes important contributions to policy, but its contributions easily go unrecognized because they are subtle and often depend on research investments made many years before policy is affected. Thus, it is important to consider what investments in LTC research initiatives and infrastructure are needed to ensure the future contributions of research to policy and to identify barriers to funding such investments. A number of steps that researchers can take to enhance the future contribution of research to LTC policy are proposed.

Prediction in Real Time of the 2000 July 14 Heliospheric Shock Wave and its Companions During the `Bastille' Epoch*

Prediction of solar-generated disturbances and their three-dimensional propagation through interplanetary space continues to present a vitally important operational space weather forecasting objective. This paper presents the first successful real-time prediction of a series of major heliospheric shock waves at Earth, including the one from the 14 July 2000 (`Bastille Day') flare. An ensemble of three models and their predictions were distributed to a world-wide group of interested scientists as part of an informal Internet space weather forecast research program. Two of the models, STOA (Shock Time of Arrival) and ISPM (Interplanetary Shock Propagation Model), presently in operation by the US Air Force Weather Agency, provided predictions of shock arrival time (SAT) that were, respectively, 0.5 hours after and 3.7 hours before the observed arrival. The third model, HAFv.2 (Hakamada–Akasofu–Fry version 2.0) predicted a time 0.3 hours after the observed shock arrival time (14:37 UT, 15 July 2000). Of primary interest to this study is the third model, firstly in terms of its capability of propagating shocks through non-uniform solar wind conditions, and secondly, in terms of its ability to integrate multiple solar events and display them graphically along with the background solar wind. This latter capability was brought to bear on ten real-time-reported flares, some with CMEs (coronal mass ejections) that took place as companions to the Bastille flare during the period 7–15 July 2000. Some limited statistics are given regarding the three models' shock arrival prediction capability at Earth, as an extension of our earlier studies with this three model ensemble in the prediction of SAT. HAFv.2, however, was able to describe not only the ten events and their interaction as measured at Earth, but also at the spacecraft NEAR (orbiting the asteroid, Eros, at 1.8 AU), and CASSINI (en route, at 4.0 AU, to Saturn). Several important points are noted: (1) this epoch represents a small statistical sample that should be expanded; and (2) the three models, based on theory, empiricism, and simulations represent the state of the art that should presage a similar community process. This paper was presented earlier as an Invited Talk at the American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, December 14–19, 2000, in San Francisco, CA, U.S.A.toward space weather objectives in the Sun-Earth domain.

A Forum for 21st Century Molecular Sciences

first_page settings Order Article Reprints Font Type: Arial Georgia Verdana Font Size: Aa Aa Aa Line Spacing:    Column Width:    Background: Open AccessEditorial A Forum for 21st Century Molecular Sciences by Paul W. May School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2000, 1(1), 4-5; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms1010004 Received: 10 December 1998 / Accepted: 11 December 1998 / Published: 1 January 2000 Download Download PDF Download PDF with Cover Download XML Download Epub Versions Notes As the technical editor, it is my great pleasure in welcoming you to our new journal. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is a truly international affair, with the editorial board comprising notable scientists from countries all over the world. The basic theme of the journal is the 'science of molecules', and this broad subject area will allow us to encompass disciplines as wide and diverse as chemistry, molecular biology, molecular physics and chemical physics. We hope that in the coming years we will have the opportunity to publish many high quality papers in all these areas, and that the Journal will build into a valuable repository of scientific findings.I have personally had quite a bit of experience with both formal internet publications [1, 2] and informal internet presentations [3], and believe that the Int. J. Mol. Sci. contains two features which set it apart from some other scientific journals. First, we welcome manuscripts which include research proposals and ideas with which to follow up experimental findings. These could be particularly valuable to encourage collaboration between research groups. Secondly, we will publish as fully as possible the details and results of calculations and experiments. In other journals, due to page limitations, authors sometimes only publish a few 'representative' examples of their findings, e.g. spectra, images, calculations, etc. As a result, other raw data - which might prove extremely valuable to later researchers - may be omitted. The electronic format of the Int. J. Mol. Sci. can overcome these limitations, since all the raw data can be stored as supplementary information in a form that readers can access. We also encourage authors to exploit other aspects of the electronic media as much as possible. All diagrams can be in colour, aiding clarity and appearance. Molecular structures can be provided in standard formats (pdb, mol, xyz, etc), allowing the reader to obtain and manipulate the full 3D structures of the molecules in question. Spectral data can be stored in JCAMP (jdx) format allowing readers to download entire spectra, without loss of information, and manipulate them as they choose.Nevertheless, this is very much a scientific journal for the 21st Century, and I hope you'll enjoy reading it and publishing in it as much as we shall enjoy creating it! References and NotesMay, P. W. Review of the molecule of the month website in 1997. Molecules 1998, 3, 16–19. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] May, P.W.; Ashworth, S.H.; Pickard, C.D.O.; Ashfold, M.N.R.; Peakman, T.; Steeds, J.W. Interactive Raman spectra of adamantane, diamantane and diamond, and their relevance to diamond film deposition. PhysChemComm 1998, 4. [Google Scholar] Molecule of the Month (http://www.bris.ac.uk/Depts/Chemistry/MOTM/motm.htm) at Bristol. © 2000 by Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI, http://www.mdpi.org/) Share and Cite MDPI and ACS Style May, P.W. A Forum for 21st Century Molecular Sciences. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2000, 1, 4-5. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms1010004 AMA Style May PW. A Forum for 21st Century Molecular Sciences. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2000; 1(1):4-5. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms1010004 Chicago/Turabian Style May, Paul W. 2000. "A Forum for 21st Century Molecular Sciences" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 1, no. 1: 4-5. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms1010004 Find Other Styles Article Metrics No No Article Access Statistics For more information on the journal statistics, click here. Multiple requests from the same IP address are counted as one view.