Influence Life Satisfaction Research Articles

What motivates people to be materialistic? Developing a measure of materialism motives

AbstractThis article presents, through a series of studies conducted in six countries, the development, psychometric testing, and cross‐cultural validation of an independent measure of materialism motives involving three dimensions: needs for happiness, social recognition, and distinctiveness. We demonstrate that materialism (beliefs about the importance of money and material possessions in their life) influences life satisfaction through the fulfillment of these three materialism motives. Furthermore, and non‐surprisingly, these three motives are also related to personal values. Theoretical and policy implications of this new measure are considered, and avenues for future study presented.

Comparison of the Relationship Between Sexual Function, Marital Adjustment, and Life Satisfaction in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Women.

ABSTRACTBackground: Sexual function is important for diabetic women because it has a special effect on the quality of life. This study was conducted to compare the relationship of sexual function, marital adjustment, and life satisfaction between diabetic and non-diabetic women.Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in Kerman, Iran, from August 2018 to November 2019. The study sample included 300 diabetic women and 300 non-diabetic women. Data gathering tools included a demographic questionnaire, Rosen female sexual function index (FSFI), Spanier Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS), and Diner satisfaction with life scale. Data were analyzed through SPSS 15, using descriptive statistics, independent-t test, ANOVA, and Pearson tests. The significance level was considered 0.05.Results: The mean scores of marital adjustment, female sexual function index, and satisfaction with life scales in diabetic women were 90.98±23.33, 19.04±9.77, and 13.4±3.21; also, they were 120.34±33.34, 27.82±10.17, and 16.3±5.89 in non-diabetic women, respectively. Statistically significant differences were found between the scores of marital adjustment (P=0.001), female sexual function index (P=0.001), and satisfaction with life (P=0.001) in diabetic and non-diabetic women. The female sexual function index was correlated with life satisfaction and marital adjustment. Conclusion: Diabetic women experience sexual dysfunction because of their special condition, which negatively influences life satisfaction and marital adjustment. Healthcare providers should pay much more attention to this issue. They can provide educational packages on sexual issues for diabetic women. They should also support these women and their spouses to improve their quality of life.

Demographic and Psychosocial Determinants of Life Satisfaction Among Youths in Nigeria: Evidence from the Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey

Subjective Wellbeing, implying an evaluation of one’s life has recently received intellectual attention, especially in developed countries. Measuring this concept entails both an effective and cognitive evaluation of life. Life satisfaction plays a vital role in positive life outcomes as a key part of the cognitive component of subjective wellbeing. Various factors could determine the current state of wellbeing on an individual. Leveraging on one of the surveys that collect data on subjective wellbeing in Nigeria, we examined the determinants of life satisfaction among youths in Nigeria, with a concentration on the demographic and psychosocial factors. Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) data for Nigeria (n = 18,454) was analyzed using chi-square tests and binomial logistic regression in Stata 14. The result showed that gender, residence, and region significantly determined life satisfaction. For psychosocial factors influencing life satisfaction; health, family life satisfaction, friendship, treatment by others, and perceived improvement in comparison to last year, significantly determine life satisfaction. Specifically, male resident in rural areas of Nigeria were more likely to report satisfaction with life. Further, youths that reported satisfaction with family life were more likely to be satisfied with life in general, while satisfaction with health, friendships, treatment by others, and improved condition from last year influenced satisfaction with life. In conclusion, it has been shown that beyond the socio-demographic factors, psychosocial determinants play vital roles in determining life satisfaction among youths. It is therefore imperative that government agencies consider policies and interventions that address psychosocial support for youths in Nigeria.

Substance use, mental health, and life satisfaction in Czech straight and sexual-minority population

Abstract Background Evidence shows that sexual minorities are more vulnerable to substance use and psychological distress as a result of minority stress compared with heterosexuals. So far, research conducted outside North America or Western Europe has been underrepresented. This research compares for the first time the substance use, quality of mental health and life satisfaction between the sexual minority people and heterosexuals using a nationally representative probability sample in the Czech population. Methods Sample of the general population aged 15+ years surveyed within the National Survey on Substance Use in 2016 in randomly selected households (N = 3,601, F2F interviews). Prevalence of licit and illicit substance use, psychological distress (MHI-5 scale) and life satisfaction (SWLS scale) were analyzed by respondents' self-reported sexual identity and behaviors. Logistic regressions were applied to evaluate the differences between groups. Adjustment for basic sociodemographic characteristics was performed. Results 2.8% of adults identified as sexual minorities, including 0.5% lesbians or gays and 2.3% bisexuals. Sexual minorities were more likely to experiment with (illicit) substance use in the last 12 months (OR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.03-2.94), more often experience psychological distress (OR = 2.56, 95% CI: 1.50-4.38), and were slightly less often satisfied with their lives (OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.46-1.37) compared to heterosexuals. Sexual minority status was not found as a significant predictor for daily tobacco smoking nor for frequent excessive/binge alcohol consumption. Conclusions In accordance with international evidence, sexual minorities represent a vulnerable group from the perspective of substance use and psychological distress. Factors influencing life satisfaction of sexual minority people living in geographically underrepresented regions need to be further investigated using measures more sensitive to local cultural circumstances.

The role of neuroticism and subjective social status in the relationship between perceived social support and life satisfaction

The present study examined the relationship between perceived social support (PSS) and life satisfaction by testing a moderated mediation model that focused on how neuroticism mediates the relationship between perceived social support and life satisfaction and how subjective social status (SSS) moderates this mediated relationship. A total of 1161 female and 765 male Chinese participants aged 18–80 years volunteered to complete questionnaires comprising a demographic details form, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (Zimet et al., 1988), the Chinese version of the Big Five Inventory Personality Scale (Carciofo et al., 2016), the MacArthur Scale (Adler et al., 2000), and a Chinese version of the domain-specific life satisfaction scale (Hu et al., 2017). Regression analysis revealed that perceived social support positively influences life satisfaction through neuroticism. In addition, a moderated regression analysis indicated that low subjective social status strengthens not only the effect of neuroticism on life satisfaction but also the indirect effect of perceived social support on life satisfaction. Our findings contribute to understanding the relationship between perceived social support and life satisfaction, and provide empirical evidence for the combined effects of personality factors and subjective social factors on life satisfaction.

청년 장애인의 삶의 만족도에 영향을 미치는 요인 탐색

청년 장애인의 삶의 만족도에 영향을 미치는 요인 탐색

Extracurricular sports participation increases life satisfaction among Chinese adolescents: A moderated mediation model

We investigated whether participation in extracurricular sports promotes the life satisfaction of Chinese adolescents and tested the mediating effect of academic stress and the moderating effect of extraversion in this relationship. We conducted a survey with 1,608 Chinese adolescents to assess their participation in extracurricular sports and their levels of extraversion, academic stress, and life satisfaction. The regression analysis results indicate that extracurricular sports participation positively influenced life satisfaction through the mediator of academic stress. The moderated regression analysis results reveal that high extraversion strengthened not only the direct effects of extracurricular sports participation and academic stress but also the indirect effects of extracurricular sports participation and life satisfaction. These findings indicate that participation in extracurricular sports chiefly promoted life satisfaction in Chinese adolescents indirectly by reducing their academic stress, subject to the moderating effect of having an extraverted personality. Thus, increasing the time students spend on participating in extracurricular sports can help to enhance their life satisfaction.

Factors Influencing Life Satisfaction of International Students in Mainland China.

China is advancing in its bid to internationalize higher education, but little is known to date about the life satisfaction of overseas students in that country. Life satisfaction can be understood as the extent to which individuals’ experiences in a host country help them achieve their personal goals and satisfy their expectations regarding acculturation. This paper examines past research, especially international literature, to provide an overview of factors that may influence the life satisfaction of international students in countries other than their own, and looks particularly at those matters that may also affect overseas students in China. Comparisons are made between variables identified in general and those in Asia, and specifically China. The findings have implications for policy-makers and university practitioners seeking to improve educational quality and counseling support services for international students.

The Effect of Income Inequality on Happiness Inequality in India: A Recentered Influence Function Regression Estimation and Life Satisfaction Inequality Decomposition

It is now an accepted stylised fact that increase in happiness level in any country is not commensurate with growth in income, a puzzle known as Easterlin Paradox. This paper analyses the income-happiness relationship in India and tries to explain the flat happiness response to income change in terms of rising income inequality. Income growth propels inequality and so also inequality in well-being. Empirically the effects of income inequality, absolute income, relative income, rank position and social capital indices are analysed using World Value Survey data for 12 states of India over 24 years from 1990 to 2014. As the variation in the 10-point scale measure of life satisfaction level is narrow, an recentered influence function (RIF) regression of variance and Gini of life satisfaction are estimated. The life satisfaction inequality is decomposed into composition and coefficients effects using Blinder–Oaxaca (B–O) decomposition method. The estimated RIF coefficients reveal significant effects on life satisfaction inequality of various income measures and social capital indices. The B–O decomposition shows that the functional relationship between material aspirations and life satisfaction, contribute significantly to rising life satisfaction inequality relative to changes over time in happiness influencing factors. Reducing income inequality and improving trust, sociability, health, education and employment over time and space could reduce life satisfaction inequality and improve happiness level in India.

Perceived occupational value in people with acquired brain injury

Background It is well known that engagement in occupations becomes restricted after acquired brain injury (ABI), but little is known about how this influences occupational values and occupational balance. Aim To describe the extent to which persons with ABI perceived occupational value; to explore whether occupational value and occupational balance were associated with life satisfaction, and to explore how occupational value, occupational balance, the severity of disability, fatigue and sociodemographic characteristics influenced life satisfaction. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was undertaken with 75 participants of working age with ABI who responded to questionnaires on occupational value, occupational balance, and life satisfaction. Additionally, instruments covering fatigue and severity of disability were administered. Data were analyzed by means of comparisons, correlations and logistic regression. Results A high perceived occupational value and a high perceived occupational balance were significantly associated with satisfaction with life as a whole, psychological health and somatic health. The logistic regression showed that occupational value, occupational balance and severity of disability significantly impacted satisfaction with life as a whole. Conclusions and significance: Occupational value and occupational balance together with severity of disability, are important areas of focus in the later phase of rehabilitation after ABI to promote satisfaction with life as a whole.

The Effects of Elderly Depression on Life Satisfaction : Mediating Effect and Moderating Effect of Family Relation Satisfaction

본 연구는 노인의 우울, 가족관계, 삶의 만족도 간의 영향관계를 살펴보는 연구이다. 노인에게 있어 주된 가족관계는 배우자 관계와 자녀 관계이다. 같은 가족관계일지라도 노인의 우울이 삶의 만족도에 영향을 미치는데 있어 그 역할은 다를 것으로 예상된다. 심리적 유대가 강한 배우자 관계는 우울과 상호작용하여 만족도에 영향를 미칠것으로 보이며, 노인의 삶이 투영되는 자녀관계는 우울과 삶의 만족도 사이에서 매개하는 역할을 하는 것으로 보인다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 노인의 우울이 삶의 만족도에 영향을 미치는데 있어 배우자 관계의 조절효과와 자녀관계의 매개효과를 검정하여 노인의 삶의 만족도를 높이는데 기여하고자 하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 한국복지패널 12차 2017년 자료를 분석하였다. 조사대상자는 전국 65세이상 노인 4,656명 이었다. 주된 분석은 다중회귀분석을 통하여 매개효과와 조절효과를 검정하였다. 다중회귀분석은 영향관계를 살피기에 적절한 분석방법이다. 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 조사대상 노인의 특성은 다음과 같다. 연령은 평균 73세로 나타났고 건강상태는 건장하지 않다고 인식한 노인이 많았고 학력은 초등학교졸업이 많은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 노인의 우울은 삶의 만족도에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 나타났다. 셋째, 노인의 배우자관계는 우울과 상호작용하여 삶의 만족도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 노인의 자녀관계는 우울과 삶의 만족도 사이에서 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 노인의 우울과 삶의 만족도 사이에서 배우자관계와 자녀관계의 역할을 밝혔다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 이런 결과를 바탕으로 사회복지에 실천 가능한 현실적인 제언을 하였다.This study looks at the influence between the elderly s depression, family relationships and life satisfaction. For the elderly, the main family relationship is the spouse relationship and the child relationship. Even with the same family relationship, the role of the elderly s depression is expected to be different in influencing their satisfaction in life. A strong psychological relationship of spouse is likely to affect satisfaction by interacting with depression, and a child relationship with which the life of the elderly is projected appears to act as a medium between depression and life satisfaction. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to contribute to enhancing the satisfaction of an elderly person s life by testing the effect of controlling the relationship between spouse and child in influencing the satisfaction of life.. For the study, the Korea Welfare Panel 12th 2017 data were analyzed. The subjects were 4,656 elderly people over 65 years of age. The main analysis examined the mediating and moderating effects through multiple regression analysis, which is appropriate to examine causality among variables. The result was as follows. First, the depression of the elderly appeared to be a factor affecting life satisfaction. Second, the marital relationship of the elderly interacted with depression and influenced life satisfaction. Third, the children s relationship of the elderly was mediated between depression and life satisfaction. This study was meaningful in that it revealed the role of spouse and child relations between the depression and life satisfaction of the elderly. Based on these results, practical suggestions for social welfare were presented.

ON THE ISSUE OF RETENTION AND INVOLVEMENT OF STAFF IN THE CONDITIONS OF OUTFLOW OF HUMAN RESOURCES

The article identifies the main reasons for the outflow of human resources and the consequences for Ukrainian enterprises. The dynamics of population change of Ukraine, migration of population in the regions of Ukraine, the preferred countries of residence of Ukrainian families have been investigated. The reasons and geography of the departure of Ukrainians abroad as well as the conditions contributing to this are analyzed. The factors that influence life satisfaction in the country are identified. The concept of staff involvement has been clarified. Attention is drawn to the difference between the concepts of staff involvement, satisfaction and loyalty. The factors that influence the outflow of staff at enterprises are considered. Emphasis is placed on the aspect of staff involvement in the company's activities as a factor contributing to employee retention. The role and importance of the factors that influence staff engagement are ranged and analyzed. The characteristics of employees with a low level of involvement are highlighted. The practical experience of successful Ukrainian and foreign companies in the field of personnel management is considered. The directions in work with the personnel which help to increase the productivity of work and success of the organization are analyzed. Effective measures and tools for staff retention in the company in the conditions of rapid human resources outflow have been identified. Attention is drawn to the use of the onboarding program and the outgoing interview as effective tools that contribute to the reduction of staff turnover. The role of immaterial tools of the personnel motivation system in improving labour productivity is emphasized.

Influence of social networking sites on life satisfaction among university students: a mediating role of social benefit and social overload

PurposeSocial media experience a rapid rise in recent years and steep into almost every aspect of people's lives by altering their lifestyles and creating an impact on their wellbeing. The purpose of the present study is to examine the influence of SNSs on life satisfaction among university students by first exploring what are the key gratifications which motivates them to engage in SNSs and then focusing on the psychological outcomes including social overload and social benefit from using SNSs that affects life satisfaction among the university students.Design/methodology/approachTheory of social influence and uses and gratifications theory were used in this study to examine the motivations for using SNSs, and the impact of psychological outcomes associated with SNSs usage, i.e. social benefit and social overload on life satisfaction among university students of Pakistan. Partial least squares-structural equation modeling is used to analyze the data.FindingsThe outcomes indicate that the need for maintaining interpersonal interconnectivity, entertainment value and social enhancement value derives the students' participation in social networking sites through which they encounter social benefit and social overload. The presence of social benefit enhances life satisfaction while social overload results in decreasing life satisfaction of students. Using social networking sites influences life satisfaction in the presence of social overload and social benefit while there is no direct influence of social networking sites on life satisfaction was evidenced.Research limitations/implicationsThe present study investigated the needs that drive the use of social media through the lens of UGT & Social influence approach. The other potential determinants of social media usage intention should be analyzed by employing variables of the other models.In this study social media was examined as a general platform used by the university students of Pakistan. In future researches the driving needs should be examined in the context of specific social networking sites.Practical implicationsThe presented findings embraces the implications for the authorities of higher education institutions and policy makers as it provides the useful insights about student 2019s motivations and participation behavior in SNSs which would help in developing strategies for desirable results.Social implicationsEducational institutions can utilize the research findings by incorporating social media tools in the academic system, student's interaction with their mentors will lead towards enhanced involvement of students and intellectual skills along with upgraded academic performance which will positively influence life satisfaction of the students.Originality/valueThe scarcity of findings was observed in the local environment specifically in the context of SNSs usage and well-being of the higher education students. This study addresses the motivational factors of SNSs usage and their psychological outcomes simultaneously and focused on the investigation of social media usage drivers and its outcomes among the university students of Pakistan.

배우자 사별노인의 생활만족도에 영향을 미치는 요인 : 연령집단 비교를 중심으로

배우자 사별노인의 생활만족도에 영향을 미치는 요인 : 연령집단 비교를 중심으로

Adding Life to Years: The Influence of Internet Use and Appearance Management on Life Satisfaction Among the Elderly

With the rapid increase in the aged population, life satisfaction among old people has become a hot topic for both discussion and research. However, the antecedents of old people’s life satisfaction still need to be further excavated. Moreover, although aging of population is the furthest advanced in Japan, the Japanese sample has received relatively little research attention. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to identify the factors influencing life satisfaction among Japanese elderly. Data are obtained from the Survey of Attitudes among the Elderly toward Daily Life in 2014. With the sample of 3893 elderly Japanese, our findings reveal that Internet use and appearance management helps to add meaning into the elderly’s lives, which in turn contributes to enhanced life satisfaction. Moreover, we find that the positive relationship between appearance management and meaning in life, as well as the mediating effect of meaning in life on the relationship between appearance management and life satisfaction are stronger among elderly females than that of elderly males. Finally, theoretical contributions, practical implications, limitations and future research directions are detailed.

Childhood maltreatment and life satisfaction in adulthood: The mediating effect of emotional intelligence, positive affect and negative affect.

This study explored the mediation role of emotional intelligence, positive affect, and negative affect in the influence of childhood maltreatment on life satisfaction. A total of 811 participants completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, the Wong Law Emotional Intelligence Scale, the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale, and the Satisfaction with Life Scale validly. Results revealed that emotional intelligence, positive affect and negative affect are mediators between childhood maltreatment and life satisfaction. In addition, childhood maltreatment influenced life satisfaction through the sequential intermediary of "emotional intelligence-positive affect" and "emotional intelligence-negative affect". Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

How does the onset of incontinence affect satisfaction with life among older women and men? Findings from a nationally representative longitudinal study (German Ageing Survey)

BackgroundThere is a large body of evidence showing that incontinence is associated with decreased health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Moreover, while a few cross-sectional studies have shown that incontinence is associated with decreased life satisfaction, there is a lack of studies regarding whether the onset of incontinence influences life satisfaction of affected individuals longitudinally. Thus, the objective of this study is: (i) to investigate the impact of incontinence on life satisfaction and (ii) whether this effect differed between women and men using a large population-based sample longitudinally.MethodsLongitudinal data from 2008 to 2014 were retrieved from a nationally representative sample (9869 observations in regression analysis) of community-dwelling individuals aged 40 years and over (German Ageing Survey, DEAS). Physician-diagnosed incontinence was reported by respondents. Life satisfaction was quantified using the well-established Satisfaction with Life Scale. Linear fixed-effects regressions were used.ResultsAfter adjusting for potential confounders (e.g., self-rated health or depression), regressions revealed that the onset of incontinence was associated with a decline in life satisfaction in men (β = −.25, p < .01), but not in the total sample and in women. These differences were significant (p < .05). In a further sensitivity analysis, individuals with cancer were excluded. However, in terms of significance and effect size, the impact of incontinence on life satisfaction in men remained almost the same in both models.ConclusionsThe onset of incontinence markedly reduces life satisfaction among men aged 40 and over. Interventional strategies to postpone incontinence may assist in maintaining life satisfaction in men.

Relationship between forgiveness at work and life satisfaction: Indian manufacturing organisations

Researchers have strived to comprehend the essentials of a happy and satisfied life - a fundamental question - for decades, which has gained popularity in organisations, academics and policy circles in contemporary times, when occupational discord is inevitable. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the relationship between forgiveness at work (self, others and situations) and life satisfaction, and also to examine the moderating role of age in the relationship between forgiveness at work and life satisfaction. Data were collected from 352 employees working in Indian manufacturing organisations and analysed using hierarchical multiple regression. The results show that indicators of forgiveness significantly influence life satisfaction. Moreover, it was found that age moderates the relationship between forgiveness (self and others) and life satisfaction in such a way that it becomes stronger for older employees than younger employees. Based on the findings, the present study posits that HR professionals and practitioners should develop and implement psychological interventions and practices aimed at fostering forgiveness and cultivating life satisfaction among employees.

Relation Modeling of Factors Influencing Life Satisfaction and Adaptation of Korean Older Adults in Long-Term Care Facilities.

This study aimed to model and examine the relationship between the factors influencing the adaptation ability and life satisfaction of the elderly people living in long-term care facilities. This study used a cross-sectional descriptive design and relation prediction modeling. Participants were 229 older adults over 65 years old, who had lived for more than six months in the long-term care facilities of the Gyeonggi and Gyeongsang provinces, South Korea. The model construction was based on the Ecological model developed by Lawton (1982). The data were included demographics, physical health status, emotional health status, self-efficacy, and social support. The analysis of collected data was done by using the SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 22.0 programs. The model fit index for the modified model was χ2 = 15.561, χ2/df = 2.223, GFI = 0.980, AGFI = 0.920, NFI = 0.967, CFI = 0.970, and RMRS = 0.018, RMSEA = 0.021. Life satisfaction was influenced by the factors of adaptation, depression, anxiety, friend support, self-efficacy, and staff support. In addition, adaptation was affected by the factors of staff support, depression, anxiety, and friend support. This study suggests that life satisfaction and adaptation for Korean elderly in long-term facilities were primarily influenced by of the factors of anxiety, depression, friend support, and staff support. In the nursing practice, nurses need to pay attention to these factors to improve the life satisfaction and adaptation ability of Korean elderly in long-term facilities.

A Study on Social Capital and Life Satisfaction according to Income Quintiles

본 연구는 상호의존적인 연대에서 나타나는 사회자본인 신뢰와 이타주의가 객관적인 경제적 부나 생활조건 외에 우리의 삶의 만족도에 미치는 역할을 실증해 보고자 한다. 이를 검증하기 위해 경제적으로 부유한 계층과 가난한 계층들의 주관적 삶의 만족도에 미치는 요인을 탐색하고, 상호의존적인 연대에서 협력적 관계로 나타나는 신뢰와 이타주의의 역할을 분석하고자 한다. 이러한 연구 질문에 대해, 한국복지패널조사(2018)에서 만 20세 이상을 대상으로 균등화 가처분소득 8분위에서 10분위에 속하는 부유한 계층과 1분위에서 3분위에 속하는 가난한 계층을 중심으로 분석하였다. 분석결과, 경제적으로 부유한 계층 사람들의 삶의 만족도에 있어서, 신뢰와 이타주의의 역할이 낮을수록 불만족 점수가 높았고, 가난한 계층에서는 신뢰와 이타주의 역할이 높을수록 만족도가 높다는 것을 확인하였다. 따라서 국민들의 삶의 만족도를 높이기 위해 경제적 부에만 초점을 두지 말고, 신뢰와 이타주의와 같은 사회자본의 영향력을 고려할 필요성이 있음을 시사한다.The purpose of this empirical study is to find how trust and altruism as the social capital appearing in interdependent solidarity influence economic wealth, living conditions, and life satisfaction. To achieve that, the factors that influence the subjective life satisfaction of economically rich people and poor people are explored, and the roles of trust and altruism appearing as cooperative relationship in interdependent solidarity are analyzed. As study subjects, this study used the rich in the eighth to tenth disposable income quintiles and the poor in the first to third quintiles among the persons aged over 20 years in Korea Welfare Panel Survey(2017). According to the analysis, in terms of the life satisfaction of economically rich people, the less roles trust and altruism had, the higher points dissatisfaction had; in terms of the life satisfaction of economically poor people, the more roles trust and altruism had, the higher points satisfaction had. Therefore, it means that in order to improve the people’s life satisfaction, it is necessary to take into account the influence of social capital like trust and altruism, rather than to focus on economic wealth.