Influence Of Tertiary Amines Research Articles

Research on the influence of parameters on hexafluoropropylene oxide oligomerization in the presence of complex amines

Research on the influence of parameters on hexafluoropropylene oxide oligomerization in the presence of complex amines Oligomers of hexafluoropropylene oxide were tested as potential materials for obtaining vari-ous compounds with unique properties, of which most important are chemical and thermal re-sistance. Two basic parameters influence the oligomerization process of hexafluoropropylene oxide: the type of the catalyst and the type of the solvent. Other parameters such as temperature and pressure have significantly less influence. The influence of tertiary amines as catalyst, the type of the solvent, temperature, pressure and catalyst concentration were tested in the process of hexafluoropropylene oxide oligomerization.

Photosynthetic control, ?energy-dependent? quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence and photophosphorylation under influence of tertiary amines

The effects of the tertiary amines tetracaine, brucine and dibucaine on photophosphorylation and control of photosynthetic electron transport in isolated chloroplasts of Spinacia oleracea were investigated. Tertiary amines inhibited photophosphorylation while the related electron transport decreased to the rates, observed under non-phosphorylating conditions. Light induced quenching of 9-aminoacridine fluorescence and uptake of (14)C-labelled methylamine in the thylakoid lumen declined in parallel with photophosphorylation, indicating a decline of the transthylakoid proton gradient. In the presence of ionophoric uncouplers such as nigericin, no effect of tertiary amines on electron transport was seen in a range of concentration where photophosphorylation was inhibited. Under the influence of the tertiary amines tested, pH-dependent feed-back control of photosystem II, as indicated by energy-dependent quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence, was unaffected or even increased in a range of concentration where 9-aminoacridine fluorescence quenching and photophosphorylation were inhibited. The data are discussed with respect to a possible involvement of localized proton flow pathways in energy coupling and feed-back control of electron transport.

Relationship between the octanol-water partition coefficient of tertiary amines and their effect of ?selective? uncoupling of photophosphorylation

A series of tertiary amines was investigated for effects on the transmembrane proton potential difference (Δ [Formula: see text]H), on photophosphorylation and on electron-flux control related to the intrathylakoid proton potential ([Formula: see text]HI), using isolated chloroplasts ofSpinacia oleracea L. As indicated by 9-aminoacridine fluorescence and [14C]methylamine uptake, all amines studied inhibited a build-up ofΔ [Formula: see text]H and, in parallel, ATP synthesis. Even whenΔ [Formula: see text]H was low, strong[Formula: see text]H1-dependent electron-flux control was observed under the influence of tertiary amines. The strength of flux control in the presence of lowΔ [Formula: see text]H and the effectiveness of inhibition of ATP synthesis linearly increased with the lipophilicity of the amines. The most effective of the amines tested caused 50% inhibition of ATP synthesis at a concentration of 6 μM, which is about 1000-fold lower than the concentration required for inhibition by methylamine. The data presented indicate the existence of two proton domains in the thylakoid vesicles, one of them feeding the ATP-synthase, the other the sites of pH-dependent electron-flux control. It is concluded that tertiary amines develop their action in a lipophilic domain of the thylakoid membrane, in the vicinity of the ATP-synthase complex. A mechanism for 'selective' uncoupling and for the maintenance of[Formula: see text]HI-dependent electron flux control in the presence of lowΔ [Formula: see text]H is discussed.

ChemInform Abstract: ISOMERIZATION OF A PERFLUORO‐α‐LACTAM TO A SUBSTITUTED CARBAMOYL FLUORIDE

1. Under the influence of tertiary amines l-perfluoro-tert-butyl-3,3-bis (trifluoro-methyl)aziridin-2-one undergoes isomerization with cleavage of the ring C-C bond and migration of a fluoride ion to the carbonyl group. 2. In the reaction of N-perfluoro-tert-butyl-N-perfluoroisopropenylcarbamoyl fluoride with trimethyl phosphite the C=C bond is more electrophilic than the acid fluoride group.

Isomerization of a perfluoro ?-lactam to a substituted carbamoyl fluoride

1. Under the influence of tertiary amines l-perfluoro-tert-butyl-3,3-bis (trifluoro-methyl)aziridin-2-one undergoes isomerization with cleavage of the ring C-C bond and migration of a fluoride ion to the carbonyl group. 2. In the reaction of N-perfluoro-tert-butyl-N-perfluoroisopropenylcarbamoyl fluoride with trimethyl phosphite the C=C bond is more electrophilic than the acid fluoride group.

Alkylating properties of alkyl perfluoroazapropenyl ethers

1. A number of alkyl perfluoroazapropenyl ethers was synthesized. It was shown that they are capable of alkylating tertiary amines to give the tetraalkylammonium salts of the mesomeric trifluoromethylfluorocarbonyl azanion. 2. The alkyl perfluoroazapropenyl ethers are easily rearranged under the influence of tertiary amines to the isomeric N-alkyltrifluoromethylcarbamoyl fluorides.

Syntheses with isoxazoles. Part IV. Ring-opening reactions of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4-oxoisoxazolo[2,3-a]pyridinium salts and related compounds under the influence of tertiary amines

On treatment of the 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4-oxoisoxazolo[2,3-a]pyridinium salts (1) and (3) with triethylamine in methanol, methyl 4-(2-formyl-1-methoxyvinylamino)butyrate (7) and its homologue (9), respectively, are formed. The oxime (13) and the phenylhydrazone (14), under similar conditions, give the methyl piperidin-2-ylideneacetates (16) and (17). The mechanisms of the ring-opening reactions are discussed. Compound (7) is converted spontaneously into N-(trans-3-methoxyacryloyl)-2-pyrrolidone (12), which has been synthesised.

Polymerization of phenyl glycidyl ether induced by tertiary amines in the absence of proton donating compounds

Since the publication of Lidarzhik's paper [1] it has been thought that polymerization of epoxide compounds under the influence of tertiary amines can occur only in the presence of proton donating compounds. The polymerization of epoxide compounds that sometimes occurs with tertiary amines alone, without addition of proton donors, is explained by the effect of atmospheric moisture or the presence in the reaction mixture of hydroxylic impurities (in the hardening of epoxide resins for example). The present paper describes a study of the possibility of polymerization of epoxide compounds by tertiary amines in the absence of proton donating compounds, taking the polymerization of phenyl glycidyl ether (PGE) in the presence of dimethylhexylamine (DMHA) as an example.