Influence Of Human Factors Research Articles

Relationships between people’s mental programs and trust in automation

Social and human factors are also important for the development of human-automation trust (HAT) besides technical factors of automation. The current article reviewed studies on the influences of social and human factors on HAT and provided a new perspective by combing Hofstede et al. (2010)’s mental programs model. Results showed that although few studies have discussed the relationships between HAT and human nature, oxytocin secretion can positively influence HAT. Then, it was found that different cultural characteristics tended to play different roles in HAT formation, however, the newest and direct evidence is still lacking. Lastly, some personality traits were verified to affect HAT, whereas the effects of other traits are still controversial across contexts. This literature review provided the need for future studies: validating how and why each level of mental programs affects HAT and clarifying the core factors and the synergies of each level of mental programs on HAT.

On Lexicalization Pattern of Caused Motion Events by Chinese Children

The lexicalization of Chinese motion events has been a controversial topic. Most of previous studies on the lexicalization patterns of Chinese movement events has been conducted with laboratory experiments, leaving the natural Chinese motion events in daily life unstudied. Therefore, this paper investigates the language acquisition process of Chinese children resulting in movement events based on naturalistic data of language development from 13 to 48 months in Mandarin-speaking children SWK, which greatly reduces the influence of human factors on the findings. The results showed that 1) path verbs developed slightly faster than manner verbs at all times. Besides, both kinds of verbs develop fastest at the age of 2-3 years, and peak at the age of 3 years. 2) Modern Chinese exhibits the characteristics of a satellite-framed language in some aspects. 3) Caused motion events develop slower than voluntary motion events.

Interactive response and spatial heterogeneity of alpine grassland biodiversity to soil, topography, climate, and human factors on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau

AbstractThe alpine grassland ecosystem is a critical part of the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau (QTP), mainly including alpine meadows and alpine steppes. However, the influence factors of alpine grassland biodiversity are not clear for different alpine grassland types. In this study, pathway analysis was applied to explore the influences of soil, topography, climate, and human factors on alpine grassland biodiversity. Then, by using the geographically weighted regression (GWR) model, the spatial sensitivity response of alpine grassland biodiversity to soil, topography, climate, and human activities was revealed in different grassland types. The results were as follows: (1) The data and pathway analysis passed the validity and reliability analysis, indicating that the model fit of alpine grassland biodiversity was good for different grassland types. (2) For alpine meadows, the total effect coefficients of altitude, slope, and topographic wetness index (TWI) on normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) (net primary productivity [NPP]) were 0.50, 0.21, and −0.48 (0.59, 0.17, and −0.41), respectively, suggesting that altitude had the strongest and positive effect on alpine meadow diversity. In addition, among human activity and climate variables, human activity intensity and precipitation exhibited significant effects on NDVI (NPP), with total effect coefficients of −0.17 and 0.61 (−0.19 and 0.63). The influence of soil, topography, climate, and human variables on alpine steppe diversity showed similarities with alpine meadow diversity. (3) Alpine grassland biodiversity was directly and indirectly influenced by multiple driving factors for different grassland types. The total coefficients of soil, topography, climate, and human factors on NDVI (NPP) were 0.41, 0.38, −0.21, and 0.71 (0.32, 0.50, −0.21, and 0.91), respectively, which indicated that alpine meadow diversity was mainly regulated by climate on the QTP, consistent with alpine steppe diversity. (4) For different grassland types, the spatial effects of various driving factors on alpine grassland biodiversity all showed significant spatial heterogeneity at the grid scale. Based on the knowledge about the driving mechanism and spatial response of alpine grassland biodiversity to its driving factors in different grassland types of the QTP, we aim to provide guidance for alpine grassland biodiversity conservation and rational ecosystem management.

Flood‐oriented watershed health and ecological security conceptual modeling using pressure, state, and response (PSR) approach for the Sharghonj Watershed, South Khorasan Province, Iran

AbstractToday, watersheds have changed under the influence of various environmental and human factors, and their expected performance has decreased in terms of meeting human needs, providing natural responses, and reducing environmental risks. However, evaluating health status and its impact on various factors has not been given enough attention. To this end, an attempt has been made to evaluate the health and ecological security of the subwatersheds of the Sharghonj Watershed using the pressure‐state‐response approach emphasizing flood‐related issues in the region. Toward that, 21 preliminary hydrological, anthropogenic, natural, and climatic criteria were selected. The preliminary variables were then finalized based on the results of the collinearity test and the data availability. The final variables were appropriately allocated to pressure, state, and response (PSR) indices, and associated health and ecological security indices were determined at the subwatershed scale. The results showed that the PSR ranged from 0.56 to 0.86, 0.46 to 0.84, and 0.35 to 0.96, respectively. Health and ecological security also varied from 0.53 to 0.83 and 0.27 to 1.01 in different subwatersheds. Eventually, the weighted mean PSR indices for the Sharghonj Watershed were 0.72, 0.67, and 0.73, respectively. The weighted mean health and ecological security indices were 0.70 and 0.68, respectively. The research results indicated that the dynamic of various variables related to floods considerably affects the health of the Sharghonj Watershed. It could be concluded from the results that the Sharghonj Watershed is highly flood‐susceptible, whose health and ecological security status was mainly controlled by the damages due to the destruction of residences and orchards by floods in the past few years. The results of the current study provide an appropriate roadmap to the decision makers and planners for the better management of the watershed resources in the region through allocating adequate financial support and implementation measures to priority subwatersheds.

A Laser Damage Threshold for Microscope Glass Slides

Laser-based light sources have fostered innovative developments in biomedical and biosensor fields. However, laser-induced damage to optical components is a limitation for designing and implementing highly sensitive biosensors, necessitating the development and characterization of suitable optical components. Microscope glass slides are among the most extensively used optical units in this field. This study investigated the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of high-quality microscope glass slides obtained from three different vendors. An S-on-1 protocol following the ISO 21254 series standards was adopted to ensure a meaningful comparative analysis. Multiple laser pulses at a constant fluence (at the three laser wavelengths most widely used in biosensors) were used for LIDT tests. An automated test bench was developed and employed to minimize the influence of human factors on the test results. The fatigue damage mechanism was observed in all the samples. The findings revealed good consistency among LIDT values within and across batches from the same vendor. However, a notable discrepancy was observed when comparing the results of slides obtained from different vendors, with threshold values differing by up to two-fold. This study emphasizes the need to carefully consider the glass material source when selecting microscope glass slides for laser-sensitive applications.

Spatial Variation Characteristics, Influencing Factors, and Sources of Hydrogeochemical of Surface Water and Groundwater in Mountainous Area of Hutuo River

Surface runoff has dropped sharply in the mountainous area of the Hutuo River, posing a huge challenge to the sustainable use of groundwater in the North China Plain (NCP). The Taihang Mountain area is the main recharge source area of groundwater in the NCP. An in-depth study of spatial variation characteristics, influencing factors, and sources of hydrogeochemical characteristics of surface water and groundwater in the mountainous area of the Hutuo River can facilitate a comprehensive understanding of regional water resource status and sustainable utilization of water resources. Based on isotopic, hydrogeochemical, and mathematical statistics methods, this study analyzed spatial variation of hydrochemical characteristics in surface water and groundwater and its sources and main controlling factors. The results showed that the river water, well water, and spring water were all recharged by atmospheric precipitation in the mountainous areas of the Hutuo River. Under the combined influence of natural factors and human factors, the hydrogeochemical characteristics of river, well, and spring water showed large spatial differences. On the whole, the hydrochemical types of mainstreams were relatively concentrated. In the upper and lower mining reach areas, the mainstream water chemical type was dominated by Ca·Mg-SO4·HCO3, whereas that in the natural vegetation area (middle reach:between Qingshui River and Longhua River) was dominated by Ca·Mg-HCO3·SO4. In the upper stream, the main hydrochemical type of the Yukou River and Ehe River tributaries was Ca·Mg-SO4·HCO3, which was consistent with that of the main stream. The main hydrochemical types of the Muma River and Qingshui River tributaries were Ca-HCO3, Ca·Mg-HCO3, and Ca·Mg-HCO3·SO4 in the midstream. The main hydrochemical types of the Mianhe River and Yehe River tributaries were Ca-SO4, Ca·Mg-SO4, and Ca·Mg-SO4·HCO3. Mineral dissolution was still the main controlling factor for the hydrochemical characteristics of surface water and groundwater in the mountainous area of the Hutuo River. The contribution rates were 69.86% and 18.84% for mineral dissolution and human activities, respectively. Therefore, in the future, water resource utilization in the upper reaches of the Hutuo River should not only consider the issue of water quantity but also a series of water environment problems such as nitrate pollution and mining pollution caused by human activities.

Risk Assessment and Prevention Planning for Collapse Geological Hazards Considering Extreme Rainfall—A Case Study of Laoshan District in Eastern China

Geological disasters refer to adverse geological phenomena that occur under the influence of natural or human factors and cause damage to human life and property. Establishing prevention and control zones based on geological disaster risk assessment results in land planning and management is crucial for ensuring safe regional development. In recent years, there has been an increase in extreme rainfall events, so it is necessary to conduct effective geological hazard and risk assessments for different extreme rainfall conditions. Based on the first national geological disaster risk survey results, this paper uses the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) combined with the information method (IM) to construct four extreme rainfall conditions, namely, 10-year, 20-year, 50-year, and 100-year return periods. The susceptibility, hazard, vulnerability, and risk of geological disasters in the Laoshan District in eastern China are evaluated, and prevention and control zones are established based on the evaluation results. The results show that: (1) There are 121 collapse geological disasters in Laoshan District, generally at a low susceptibility level. (2) A positive correlation exists between extreme rainfall and hazards/risks. With the rainfall condition changing from a 10-year return period to a 100-year return period, the proportion of high-hazard zones increased from 20% to 41%, and high-risk zones increased from 31% to 51%, respectively. The Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) proved that the assessment accuracy was acceptable. (3) Key, sub-key, and general prevention zones have been established, and corresponding prevention and control suggestions have been proposed, providing a reference for geological disaster prevention and early warning in other regions.

Cybersecurity Considerations in the Development of Enterprise Information Systems

Amidst an era characterized by dependence on digital systems, this study delves into the crucial interplay of integrating cybersecurity into contemporary enterprise information system development. Drawing insights from a diverse array of 60 participants, including cybersecurity specialists, information system developers, and decision-makers within organizations, the research reveals unanimous consensus (85%) on the "extremely high importance" attributed to cybersecurity integration. This collective acknowledgement underscores a heightened recognition of the evolving landscape of cyber threats. The identified challenges, encompassing the delicate balance between security and usability, along with the scarcity of proficient experts, mirror the intricate dynamics faced by organizations. The advocated strategies, aligned with established practices, underscore the prominence of risk-based methodologies and adaptive security measures. The influence of regulatory adherence and human factors brings to light nuanced aspects of the subject. Ultimately, the study underscores the compelling need to embed cybersecurity seamlessly into information system development, culminating in resilient, secure, and forward-oriented systems within an interconnected digital milieu

System dynamics simulation of occupational health and safety management causal model based on NetLogo

The occupational health and safety management factors of construction enterprises are critical influencing factors in their training management, and their causal principles are topics that warrant profound exploration. Drawing upon the conventional five factors, this study initially posited and authenticated a causal model among them, subsequently employing system dynamics on the NetLogo platform to dynamically simulate the model, and ultimately scrutinizing the interrelations and dynamic influence degree among the factors. The results show that the direct causes of management factors include human factors (weight coefficient of 0.583) and method factors (weight coefficient of 0.405), and environmental factors directly affect human factors (weight coefficient of 0.994), whereas material factors directly affect method factors (weight coefficient of 0.918). At the same time, it can be seen from the dynamic simulation results that the influence of human factors and method factors on management factors increases sharply in the nascent phase of the simulation cycle (the highest slope is .90), gradually decreases in the intermediary phase (the slope of the inflection point is .11), and is relatively stable in the final phase (the slope is less than 0.11). Three main conclusions have been drawn from this. Firstly, management factors are directly and positively affected by human factors and method factors respectively. Secondly, the interplay between diverse factors evinces a confluence of periodicity and exponential attributes. Thirdly, in each management cycle (set at 381 steps), the main focus is on controlling the causal factors in the early stages of management, with pivotal control points in steps 25 and 100, and the principal management factors comprising the management organization, operating procedures, and protective measures.

Application of Analytic Hierarchy Process in Mineral Prospecting Prediction Based on an Integrated Geology-Aerogeophysics-Geochemistry Model

Determining mineral prospecting targets is crucial for mineral prediction and evaluation. In this study, an evaluation index system for solid mineral exploration and metallogenic target assessment was established using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) for the Naoniushan area (China). Furthermore, an integrated model combining geology–aerogeophysics–geochemistry was developed for copper, lead, zinc, silver, and other polymetallic deposits. The information content of each index in the model was reasonably assigned, and the mineral prospecting targets in the central and southern parts of the Daxinganling were recommended. By focusing on the copper polymetallic mineral prospecting target in the Naoniushan area, this paper demonstrates that the AHP method can comprehensively consider various influencing factors and their interactions, realize a reasonable division of the optimal mineral prospecting target, and reflect the key factors affecting the mineral prospecting target to a certain extent. Importantly, this approach reduces the influence of human subjective factors, and the optimization results are objective and scientifically grounded.

The influence of human factors on the quality of accounting information system

An accounting Information System (AIS) is considered one of the vital tools for managers in the context of operating, managing, as well as decision making. Thus, AIS has become an important topic for both academicians and practitioners all over the world. However, there has been little academic research on this in Vietnam in general, and Can Tho City in particular. This study focuses on assessing critical factors in terms of human factors on the quality of Accounting Information Systems (AIS) in Can Tho City. The quantitative research method was utilized. The sample size of this study was 88 observations from different companies in terms of size and industries. This study applied linear regression analysis to test the hypothesis. The result indicates that human factors have a positive effect on the quality of AIS. Therefore, the implication of this research underlines the importance of human factors to improve the quality of AIS.

The Integrated Effect of Environmental Conditions and Human Presence on the Behaviour of a Pair of Zoo-Housed Asian Small-Clawed Otters

Zoos and aquaria have the ethical responsibility to provide animals under their care with conditions that promote good welfare. This study evaluated the combined influence of human presence and environmental factors on the behaviour of zoo-housed Asian small-clawed otters (Aonyx cinereus). Data collection was conducted on a pair hosted at Pistoia Zoo (Italy). Data were collected from July to September 2020 (over 14 days). We video-recorded the otters’ behaviours, using the continuous focal animal sampling, obtaining 42 h of observation per subject. The otters displayed a wide array of species-specific behaviours. Compared to previous captive studies, the subjects engaged less in locomotion, food-related and affiliative behaviours, and more in vigilance. Human–animal interactions were limited, and mostly elicited neutral or positive responses, except for begging behaviours performed towards caregivers. Time of day and animal identity were the main significant predictors for behaviours. No effects of visitor presence or background noise were detected. Nonetheless, increasing enrichment use could stimulate food-related behaviours, and reduce vigilance and begging. This study confirms the importance of applying an integrated approach to analyse the complexity of otters’ experiences, and provides insights to guide husbandry improvements.

Driving effect of multiplex factors on Mpox in global high-risk region, implication for Mpox based on one health concept

Mpox is an ongoing viral zoonotic disease epidemic worldwide. Being different from conventional animal-to-human transmission, the present outbreak is mainly caused by human-to-human transmission of Mpox virus, putting forward the risk of worldwide epidemic. The current spatial distribution characteristics and risk area prediction are urgently needed for preparedness for prevention and control of the disease based on the One Health strategy. In the present study, the global outbreak point of Mpox virus were collected and used to predict potential global risk of Mpox virus with ecological niche model constructed with a combination of eco-geographical, anthropoid, meteorological, and host variables. The results showed that human factors are the key to the risk and prevalence of Mpox. The risk map indicated that Mpox may affect extensive areas worldwide. Europe and North America have the highest risk of Mpox. Although most areas have never recorded Mpox before, there are some high-risk areas in Asia. Our findings highlight population density is the most important contributing factor for high-risk area. Many large cities with dense populations, developed transportation, and high migration rate in the world, are in high risks. At present, the spread of Mpox is highly valued in the world and strict prevention and control measures have been taken. However, under the influence of human factors, Mpox has the potential of a global pandemic. The risk area prediction and main risk factors provide key information for targeted preparedness for prevention and control of Mpox outbreak and avoiding potential global epidemic through the One Health approach.

The Influence of Human Factors in Flight Training

The Influence of Human Factors in Flight Training

The salinization process and its response to the combined processes of climate change–human activity in the Yellow River Delta between 1984 and 2022

Within the context of global change, the evolution of salinization in the Yellow River Delta has undergone dramatic changes. However, it is not clear how it responds to the combined processes of climate change and human activity（reclamation projects, changes in land-use types, and increases in fertilizer use）Based on the optimal soil salinization monitoring index model, this study retrieved the annual time series data set for salinization from 1984 to 2022 and then analyzed the spatial and temporal evolution patterns of salinization in the modern Yellow River Delta. The mechanism of the response of salinization evolution to climate change and human activities was investigated using Geodetector. The main conclusions were as follows: (1) From 1984 to 2022, the salinization intensity in the northeastern coastal zone of the Yellow River Delta showed an increasing trend, while that in the southwestern inland area showed an improving trend. (2) The high-frequency salinization zones were mainly concentrated near the mainstream and tributaries of the Yellow River, while zones with desalinization, re-salinization, and new salinization zones were mainly distributed in the main stream of the Yellow River. (3) There were obvious differences in the dominant factors in the evolution of salinization in different historical periods. In 1984, soil component factors and vegetation coverage were the dominant factors in the evolution of salinization. In 2022, vegetation coverage and land-use types had the strongest explanatory power for the salinization process. (4) The influence of natural and human activity factors on the salinization process was not independent, but a mutually reinforcing process. The interaction between NDVI and other factors has dominated the evolution of salinization in the Yellow River Delta. From 1984 to 2022, human activities were the dominant factors that promoted the improvement or intensification of salinization in the region.

Risk Assessment of Substation Integrated Anti-Misoperation System Considering Human Reliability

The integrated substation automation system (ISAS) based on IEC-61850 is the development direction of the intelligent substation. Currently, the reliability research of the ISAS rarely involves the quantitative influence of human factors. Therefore, a risk assessment technique of ISAS considering human reliability is proposed. The technique is based on Human Factors Analysis and Classification System framework, Fuzzy Fault Tree Analysis methodology, and Functional Decomposition method. Then, it's applied to the integrated anti-misoperation system in ISAS. The system's reliability considering human error is quantitatively evaluated through a series of studies. The results show that a quantitative method is valuable in assessing the reliability of ISAS. The main contributions of this paper are: 1) to give explicit formulas for risk assessment of ISAS, which objectively describes the system risk and provides risk prompts for dispatch operators; 2) to intuitively reflect how the reliability attributes of the system's equipment and network interfere with the reliability of the system; 3) to prove that human errors will seriously affect the risk level of the system. As the rate of human error increases, the risk level of the system rises until it collapses.

Ship Intrusion Collision Risk Model Based on a Dynamic Elliptical Domain

To improve navigation safety in maritime environments, a key step is to reduce the influence of human factors on the risk assessment of ship collisions by automating the decision-making process as much as possible. This paper optimizes a dynamic elliptical ship domain based on Automatic Identification System (AIS) data, combines the relative motion between ships in different encounter situations and the level of ship intrusion in the domain, and proposes a ship intrusion collision risk (SICR) model. The simulation results show that the optimized ship domain meets the visualization requirements, and the intrusion model has good collision risk perception ability, which can be used as the evaluation standard of ship collision risk: when the SICR is 0.5–0.6, the ship can establish a collaborative collision avoidance decision-making relationship with other ships, and the action ship can take effective collision avoidance action at the best time when the SICR is between 0.3 and 0.5. The SICR model can give navigators a more accurate and rapid perception of navigation risks, enabling timely maneuvering decisions, and improving navigation safety.

Spatiotemporal Pattern and Driving Force Analysis of Ecological Environmental Quality in Typical Ecological Areas of the Yellow River Basin from 1990 to 2020

Scientific evaluation of ecological environmental quality is the premise of realizing regional ecological sustainable development. Taking Landsat series satellite images from 1990 to 2020 as the data source, on the basis of the entropy remote sensing ecological index (E-RSEI), combining the Mann-Kendall significance test, Theil-Sen Median analysis, Hurst exponent, and stability analysis, the spatial-temporal variation characteristics of ecological environmental quality in typical ecological areas of the Yellow River Basin were analyzed in the context of multi-spatiotemporal scales. In addition, the effects of eight environmental and human factors on the change in E-RSEI were quantified using a geodetector. The results showed that:① in the past 31 years, the average value of E-RSEI was 67.5%, which showed an increasing trend on the time scale, with an average increase of 0.066·(10 a)-1. On the spatial scale, E-RSEI was higher in the west and the south lower in the east and the north. ② The ecological environmental quality will continue to improve in the future, but 9.33% of the areas have potential risks of degradation. ③ Precipitation was the dominant environmental factor that affected the spatial distribution of E-RSEI in this area, and the influence of human factors was low. Compared with that of single factors, the interaction of factors had a stronger impact on ecological environmental quality, and the interaction between precipitation and other factors played a leading role. The results of this study can provide a scientific reference for the sustainable development of ecological environmental quality in the ecological zone of the Yellow River Basin.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ КЕРУВАННЯ СУДНОМ ПРИ ПЛАВАННІ В ПОРТОВИХ ВОДАХ У КОНТЕКСТІ ПІДГОТОВКИ МОРЯКІВ ТА ПЕРЕВІРКИ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ

Establishment of the appropriate communication with the pilot, exchange of all the necessary information for the safe passage of the vessel, awareness by all responsible parties of their duties and the correspondence of their competency to the positions held, as well as knowledge and understanding, among other aspects, of the elements of bridge resource management theory, not only do not lose but even acquire greater relevance today. This fact is confirmed not only in practice but is also reflected in the relevant statistical materials. This partially appears in the following: despite the recommendations of the International Maritime Organization (IMO), other sources and the requirements of the relevant regulatory documents, many ship captains put too much trust in pilots when maneuvering the ship in port waters or channels. This paper examines the issue of sailing in port and inland waters from the perspective of the human factor's influence when using pilot services. The effectiveness of training for seafarers in the first approach has been evaluated with the aim of increasing the level of navigational safety and promoting responsibility awareness for all parties involved with regard to their duties, as well as assessment of their competency. In accordance with the obtained results, only 9.7% of seafarers out of the total number of participants were able to complete the set task of exiting the port water area in the Bay of Haydarpaşa (Istanbul, Turkey) and the Bosporus Strait in a safe and successful way on the first attempt and without pilot’s and/or tugs’ assistance. At the same time, this task did not cause difficulties for the respondents who undergo regular training in their companies and increase their level of competence. The experiment was conducted using a navigational simulator by means of simulation modelling methods. Keywords: ship handling, pilotage, certification and training, competence assessment.

Urban Human Settlement Vulnerability Evolution and Mechanisms: The Case of Anhui Province, China

In this paper, taking the jurisdiction of Anhui Province as the research area, a vulnerability assessment index system of human settlements was constructed from “exposure–sensitivity–coping ability”. Based on the GIS spatial analysis method, the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of human settlements in Anhui Province were analyzed. The influences of human factors and natural factors on the spatial differentiation of human settlement vulnerability were explored by using geographic detectors, and the driving mechanism of the evolution of human settlement vulnerability was analyzed. An analysis of the results showed the following: ① With a change in the time scale, the human settlement vulnerability index showed a trend of decreasing year by year, the exposure and sensitivity show a downward trend year by year in the three major subsystems, and the coping ability shows an upward trend year by year. ② The evolution of the vulnerability subsystems of exposure, sensitivity, and coping ability in human settlement environments showed the directions of “medium–high–low (M-H-L)” in the early stage, “low–high–medium (L-H-M)” in the middle stage, and “low–medium–high (L-M-H)” in the later stage. ③ The causes of high vulnerability were as follows: The leading factors in the early stage were natural factors, the leading factors in the middle period were natural and human factors, and the leading factors in the later stage were human factors. ④ One-factor and two-factor interactive detection using a geodetector showed that urbanization, industrialization, land use control, and per capita income levels have become key and “short-board” factors that control the vulnerability of human settlements.