Influence Of Eugenol Research Articles

The influence of eugenol, benzocaine and ice water on the welfare of adult grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella).

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of eugenol, benzocaine, and ice water during the sedative, anesthetic or euthanasia processes on the welfare of adult grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). The experimental design was randomized and the animals were divided into eight groups. Sixty-two animals underwent an acclimation period. The neutral group used to obtain basal data of grass carp were not subjected to treatments, but anesthetized to collect blood samples and euthanized by medullary section. The others seven groups were submitted to seven treatments with eight repetitions (control group; ethanol; eugenol 50 mgL-1, eugenol 250 mgL-1, benzocaine 100 mgL-1, benzocaine 300 mgL-1, and ice water 2:1), their behavior was observed. Blood samples was collected and then euthanized by medullary sectioning. Biometric data were measured and a part of the liver was collected for hepatic glycogen analysis. There was a statistically significant difference in the time required to reach the anesthetic stage between the groups (p < 0.01). Benzocaine and eugenol at the higher concentration provided the fastest responses to sedatives and anesthetics, respectively. The animals subjected to higher anesthetic concentrations reached stage five and did not return from anesthesia, therefore, benzocaine and eugenol were effective euthanizing agents. Benzocaine at the lowest concentration showed the highest concentrations of glucose and cortisol (p < 0.05). Although benzocaine at 100 mgL-1 concentrations is widely used as an anesthetic in fish, this study demonstrated its use as a stressor agent. Basal data of grass carp for stress parameters are presented for the first time.

Influence of Eugenol and Its Novel Methacrylated Derivative on the Polymerization Degree of Resin-Based Composites.

The aim of this work was to assess the limiting rate of eugenol (Eg) and eugenyl-glycidyl methacrylate (EgGMA) at which the ideal degree of conversion (DC) of resin composites is achieved. For this, two series of experimental composites, containing, besides reinforcing silica and a photo-initiator system, either EgGMA or Eg molecules at 0-6.8 wt% per resin matrix, principally consisting of urethane dimethacrylate (50 wt% per composite), were prepared and denoted as UGx and UEx, where x refers to the EgGMA or Eg wt% in the composite, respectively. Disc-shaped specimens (5 × 1 mm) were fabricated, photocured for 60 s, and analyzed for their Fourier transform infrared spectra before and after curing. The results revealed concentration-dependent DC, increased from 56.70% (control; UG0 = UE0) to 63.87% and 65.06% for UG3.4 and UE0.4, respectively, then dramatically decreased with the concentration increase. The insufficiency in DC due to EgGMA and Eg incorporation, i.e., DC below the suggested clinical limit (>55%), was observed beyond UG3.4 and UE0.8. The mechanism behind such inhibition is still not fully determined; however, radicals generated by Eg may drive its free radical polymerization inhibitory activity, while the steric hindrance and reactivity of EgGMA express its traced effect at high percentages. Therefore, while Eg is a severe inhibitor for radical polymerization, EgGMA is safer and can be used to benefit resin-based composites when used at a low percentage per resin.

Influence of Eugenol on the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Gliclazide in rabbits

Diabetes is the most prevailing health disorder with high mortality rate and showing increased health costs across the globe. World Health Organization has claimed that lifestyle changes are one of the major causes of diabetes in this modern living. Gliclazide is an oral antidiabetic drug that is taken by majority of patients suffering with type-2 diabetes. With the increased awareness of nutraceuticals in health care management, many patients are consuming them. Hence, in the present investigation it is sought to determine the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions of gliclazide with eugenol in diabetic induced rabbits. Streptozotocin was used for inducing diabetes in healthy rabbits. Four different groups, each with 6 rabbits, are taken in the study. Group A is diabetic control, Group B is treated with gliclazide alone, Group C is treated with eugenol alone and Group D is treated with combination of gliclazide and eugenol. The results clearly indicated that there is an advantage in both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters with combination therapy of gliclazide and eugenol in diabetic rabbits.

Influence of eugenol on algal growth, cell physiology of cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa and its interaction with signaling molecules

Essential oils (EOs) are naturally occurring substances that have shown great prospect in the field of antimicrobial, antioxidant and pest control by nontoxic mechanisms. In this regard, EOs are considered the promising and eco-friendly approach for controlling harmful algae. In this study, the anti-cyanobacterial activity of EOs eugenol against Microcystis aeruginosa are evaluated from the perspective of photosynthetic efficiency, the behavior of extracellular organic matter (EOM), endogenous plant hormone synthesis, and nitric oxide signaling pathway. Results showed that the photosynthetic activity of M. aeruginosa decreased significantly after eugenol treatments. Eugenol treatment resulted in cells rupture and the release of EOM. Levels of endogenous plant hormones salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) were enhanced separately by 2.32 and 2.01 times after 4 d of exposure to eugenol. And the inhibition of SA and JA biosynthesis further promotes the inhibitory effects of eugenol on algae. Additionally, the signaling molecule nitric oxide (NO) increased significantly by 3.78-fold. Furthermore, the influence of NO on microalgae exposed to eugenol was also determined, suggesting that the inhibitory effect of eugenol stress might be associated with NO generation in M. aeruginosa. These findings will be helpful for the understanding of the fate and potential of eugenol in harmful algae control.

Effects of anesthetic eugenol on respiration and excretion of Sinogastromyzon szechuanensis

In order to select a more suitable anesthetic for the breeding and transportation of Sinogastromyzon szechuanensis, we used different concentrations of anesthetic eugenol (0, 6,12,18,24,30 mg•L−1) to test the effects of the respiratory and metabolic on Sinogastromyzon szechuanensis with an average mass of (2.029±0.26) g under the water temperature (18±0.5) °C. Based on regression analysis method, the regression equations of oxygen consumption rate, ammonia removal rate and temperature were calculated. (R2> 0.99). Oxygen consumption rate and ammonia removal rate were calculated and compared by One-Way ANOVA (Turkey method) using SPSS 25.0 software. The multiple comparison results revealed that when the mass concentration of eugenol reached 24 mg•L−1, it could significantly reduce the oxygen consumption rate and ammonia excretion rate (p<0.05). With the increase of eugenol concentration, the oxygen consumption rate and ammonia excretion rate of the Sinogastromyzon szechuanensis first increased and then decreased. Under the influence of eugenol, the oxygen consumption rate and ammonia excretion rate of Sinogastromyzon szechuanensis were increased with the increase of temperature (p<0.01). When the water temperature is 14-26°C, the oxygen-nitrogen ratio is 8.0-19.4, and the temperature is positively correlated with the oxygen-nitrogen ratio. It is concluded that eugenol with a mass concentration of 24 mg•L−1 can make Sinogastromyzon szechuanensis enter the stage of anaesthesia II (sedation), so this concentration is recommended as the anesthetic dosage for transportation, and the anesthetic effect at low temperature is more obvious.

Essential oils of basil chemotypes: Major compounds, binary mixtures, and antioxidant activity

The antioxidant potential of the essential oils (EO) of 24 basil genotypes was assessed by 4 distinct in vitro evaluation methods. Different combinations of the major compounds found in the EO were also tested to identify those combinations responsible for the antioxidant activity of the volatile oils and verify the occurrence of synergism or antagonism between them. Results indicate that 9 EO exhibited promising antioxidant potential, with at least 52.68% of inhibition of the linoleic acid peroxidation at 10 µL/mL and 76.34% of inhibition of the DPPH radical at 1 µL/mL. The major compound eugenol had the highest antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activity of these EO cannot be explained solely by the presence of the major compounds. Despite the influence of eugenol, the antioxidant activity is also related to the synergism between other minor compounds found in the EO. This fact confers a potent antioxidant activity to some basil EO.

Influence of Eugenol on the Organization and Dynamics of Lipid Membranes: A Phase-Dependent Study.

Eugenol is known for its antimicrobial effects against microorganisms responsible for infectious diseases in humans, food-borne pathogens, and oral pathogens. In spite of several reports on the antimicrobial function of eugenol by modulating the structural properties of cell membranes, there is limited information on the influence of eugenol in the lipid membrane. In this work, we explored the effect of eugenol on the organization and dynamics of large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) of DMPC using the intrinsic fluorescence of eugenol and an extrinsic hydrophobic probe, DPH, in varying phases. The organization and dynamics of the bilayers of DMPC vesicles were monitored by utilizing varieties of steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence measurements. Our results show that eugenol stabilizes the gel phase and elevates the phase-transition temperature of DMPC in a concentration-dependent fashion. Fluorescence lifetime measurements demonstrate that higher eugenol-induced water penetration was observed in fluid-phase membranes. Time-resolved anisotropy measurements demonstrate that eugenol reduces the semiangle of DPH wobbling-in-a-cone in gel-phase membranes, whereas the semiangle remains unaffected in fluid-phase membrane. This implies that the eugenol further orders the gel-phase membrane, and this could be a plausible reason for the eugenol-dependent elevation of the phase-transition temperature of DMPC. We envisage that these results will contribute important information to understand the interaction of eugenol with biological membranes.

A influência do eugenol nos procedimentos adesivos

The aim of this study was to verify, through a literature review, the influence of eugenol contained in restorations and temporary cements in bonding procedures. Due to various clinical reasons, it is necessary the use of provisional restorations for restorative treatments. To this end, a material commonly selected is cements based on zinc oxide and eugenol. However, eugenol for being a phenolic compound has the property of inhibiting polymerization of resin monomers. Still, there is no consensus in the literature contraindicate its use prior to these procedures, since such interference can be reversed depending on the type of adhesive system used, as the time elapsed between the making of the final restoration.

Quality and Biochemical Influence of Eugenol to Anesthetize Crucian Carp (Carassius Auratus)

The aim of this study was to identify the influence of the anesthetic eugenol on crucian carp. The muscle quality and freshness were little influenced by anesthesia from the perspective of cooking loss (CL) and total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N). In contrast, lower redness, liquid loss (LL), and 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values were observed in anesthetized fish. It was found that anesthesia increased serum cortisol content and reduced serum glucose concentration. There was little influence of eugenol on serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activities, while serum and muscle acid phosphatase (ACP) activities significantly increased after the use of the anesthetic. Results suggested that the stress of eugenol to crucian carp was nontoxic and did not lead to hyperglycemia. On the basis of these findings, eugenol as an anesthetic is effective and safe for the transportation of crucian carp.

Influence of eugenol on the push-out bond strengths of fiber posts cemented with different types of resin luting agents

This study evaluated the influence of eugenol on the push-out bond strengths of fiber posts cemented with different types of resin luting agents. Seventy-two extracted maxillary single-rooted canine teeth were randomly divided into two groups of 36 teeth. Group 1, the control group, was filled with gutta-percha only (i.e., did not receive eugenol), whereas group 2 was filled with a eugenol-containing sealer. All root canals were filled and each group was divided into three subgroups. The posts in each subgroup were cemented with the following materials: subgroup 1 with a 2-step self-etching adhesive system (Clearfil Liner Bond 2V+Panavia F); subgroup 2 with a 1-step self-etching adhesive (Panavia F); and subgroup 3 with a self-adhesive (Clearfil SA Cement). Dislodgement resistance was measured using a universal testing machine. All data were subjected to ANOVA using a factorial design and Tukey test (α=0.05). The use of the eugenol-containing sealer significantly reduced the push-out bond strength of the fiber post (P<0.05). The push-out bond strength of Panavia F was significantly higher than those of the other groups filled with the eugenol-containing sealer (P<0.05). The Panavia F group was less susceptible to the inhibiting effect of eugenol than were the other evaluated groups when the fiber post was cemented in the canals filled with the eugenol-containing sealer.

Evaluation of the Influence of Eugenol in Dental Leakage in Composite Resins Restorations in Deciduous Teeth

Objective: to evaluate dental leakage in composite resin restorations carried through on the lining with zinc oxide and eugenol in molar deciduous. Methods: For the study, had been used 24 deciduous molars, which had been divided in three groups, in accordance with the moment where the resin restoration was carried through: G1= immediately after insertion of the IRM, G2= after 48 hours and G3= after 28 days. A occlusal socket was carried through, in all the teeth, with a drill 3018 HL (KG Sorensen). After restored, the teeth had been covered enamel layer and wax, leaving itself around exempts a region of 1, of the restoration. The teeth had been, then, immersed in rodamina dye 0.5% during 24 hours. After it was removed the enamel and the wax, and the teeth had been washed, dried and cut with a machine of precision cut (Labcut 1010). The specimens had been evaluated in a Stereo Microscope (Olympus SZH 10) and classified by levels of infiltration of 0 the 3. Results: Through the analysis statistics, a significant association was evidenced enters the presence of infiltration and the period where the restoration was carried through. It was observed that in the immediate period dental leakage had a minor and in the period of 28 days a bigger infiltration (p=0.02). Conclusion: It is important that there is not much time between temporary restoration with IRM and final restoration with composite resin to decrease microleakage.

Efeito de restaurações temporárias OZE na resistência de união ao microcisalhamento de sistemas adesivos à dentina

O objetivo, neste estudo, foi avaliar o efeito do óxido de zinco e eugenol (OZE) usado como restaurador provisório na resistência de união ao microcisalhamento de adesivos. Os canais de 36 molares foram removidos, e a coroa dental, transversalmente seccionada em duas partes. A metade dos espécimes foi armazenada, enquanto a outra, restaurada com um restaurador temporário. Após 24 horas, a restauração OZE foi removida mecanicamente. As superfícies da dentina foram tratadas com os seguintes adesivos: Single Bond (SB), Clearfil SE (CSEB) e iBond (iB). Cinco cilindros de resina Z250 foram construídos em cada superfície de dentina. Depois de 24 horas de armazenamento os espécimes foram testados. O teste “t” de Student foi aplicado em cada sistema adesivo para avaliar a influência do eugenol nos valores de resistência de união (=5%). O cimento OZE usado como restaurador provisório não afeta os valores de resistência de união do adesivo convencional (SB), porém reduz a resistência de união dos sistemas adesivos autocondicionantes (iBond).