Inflation Phenomenon Research Articles

ANALYSIS OF STOCHASTIC INFLATION IN THE INTERACTION OF SUPPLY AND DEMAND REGARDING THE ASPECT OF DINAMIC CAUSALITY

Systematic analysis of the development of understanding the causes of inflation, taking supply and demand conditions as the central axis, offers a deeper insight into the inflation process and its essence. It is obvious that the long-term inflation impacting human, productive and financial resources can in no way be justified by extremely short-term benefits to a country’s budget or to monopolistic structures. Analysis of the literature clarifies and confirms the fact that in order for inflation to occur and significantly accelerate, the growth of demand factors must exceed that of supply factors during several years. The research shows that the policy of encouraging the demand, and thus a significant and long-lived inflation, is possible only in non-competitive oligopolistic economies marked by corruption and provoking emigration. On the other hand, adjustment of demand instruments to changes in supply is rather a result of fair competition. Interest rate change as an independent factor is shown to be important for the inflation process, especially for deflation, and therefore for the economy. Moreover, it is not completely clear whether delayed is the cause of inflation or its result, but it is obvious that the negative impact of delayed demand, as delayed human and social well-being, results in weaker supply and thereby also in higher poverty and inflation, all of them encouraging a more thorough examination of this problem. Analysis of the phenomenon of inflation over a historic period provides a realistic picture of this problem and shows the ways how to solve it.

Ill-posedness of the 3D-Navier–Stokes equations in a generalized Besov space near [formula omitted

The ill-posedness of the 3D-Navier–Stokes equations in a generalized Besov space which is smaller than B ∞ , q − 1 ( q > 2 ) is considered. In 2008, Bourgain–Pavlović proved that the 3D-Navier–Stokes equation is ill-posed in B ∞ , ∞ − 1 by showing norm inflation phenomena of the solution for some initial data. On the other hand, in 2008, Germain proved that the flow map is not C 2 in the space B ∞ , q − 1 for q > 2 . However he did not treat ill-posed problem in such spaces. Thus our result is an extension of these previous results.

La questione delle aree agricole e gli strumenti di piano territoriale e urbanistico

- Cities today expand regardless of economic development and growth in the labour market. We are in the presence of a phenomenon of urban inflation in which even the consumption of land remains at high quantitative levels, accentuated by the marginalisation of many portions of areas induced by the dispersion of settlements and infrastructure networks. On the other hand agriculture is also undergoing a process of the concentration of production on flat areas of land with more infrastructures, while in contrast to this, less accessible tracts of land enclosed between dwellings and adjacent to urbanised areas are abandoned and underused. In this context the incessant erosion of urban countryside raises the more general question of the quality of living and of the environmental and landscape functions which agricultural areas perform in addition to and not as a substitute for their production functions. And this makes it clear that to protect and improve them are not objectives attributable to urban planning and sector instruments alone.

THERMAL VACUUM RADIATION IN SPONTANEOUSLY BROKEN SECOND-QUANTIZED THEORIES ON CURVED PHASE SPACES OF CONSTANT CURVATURE

We construct second-quantized (field) theories on coset spaces of pseudo-unitary groups U(N+,N-). The existence of degenerated quantum vacua (coherent states of zero modes) leads to a breakdown of the original pseudo-unitary symmetry. The action of some spontaneously broken symmetry transformations destabilize the vacuum and make it to radiate. We study the structure of this thermal radiation for curved phase spaces of constant curvature: complex projective spaces ℂPN - 1 = SU(N)/U(N - 1) and open complex balls ℂDN - 1 = SU(1,N - 1)/U(N - 1). Positive curvature is related to generalized Fermi–Dirac (FD) statistics, whereas negative curvature is connected with generalized Bose–Einstein (BE) statistics, the standard cases being recovered for N = 2. We also make some comments on the contribution of the vacuum (dark) energy to the cosmological constant and the phenomenon of inflation.

La formation des prix et les industries canadiennes exposées et abritées

Following the bursts of inflation registered in the 1970s, many authors pointed to a generalization of the phenomenon of inflation and claimed that in a small economy highly integrated into international markets, the steady rise in general price levels might be attributable to foreign causes. In this context, the "Scandinavian School" gave renewed credibility to the division of the economy into two major categories: sectors exposed to strong international competition and those protected from such competition. In our study, we do not attempt to validate the entire "Scandinavian model", but only to examine the nature of the distinction between exposed and sheltered industries by proposing a list of industries in each of the two categories. In contrast to other work based on the Scandinavian model, the proposed classification presented in this study is based on a measure of the proportion of a sector's output that is exported. Following this arbitrary criterion, we divide the 22 branches of the primary and manufacturing sectors into eleven exposed and eleven sheltered branches. A series of tests are then applied to validate this classification.

Inflation and Economic Growth in Malaysia — A Threshold Regression Approach

This paper examines the issue of the existence of threshold effects in the relationship between inflation rate and growth rate of GDP in the context of Malaysia, using new endogenous threshold autoregressive (TAR) models proposed by Hansen (2000) for estimation and inference. The empirical analysis uses annual data from Malaysia for the period 1970–2005. A specific question addressed in this study was: What is the threshold inflation rate for Malaysia? The findings clearly suggest that one inflation threshold value (i.e., structural break point) exists for Malaysia; and this implies a non-linear relationship between inflation and growth. The estimated threshold regression model suggests 3.89 per cent as the threshold value of inflation rate above which inflation significantly retards growth rate of GDP. In addition, below the threshold level, there is a statistically significant positive relationship between inflation rate and growth. If Bank Negara (Central Bank of Malaysia) pays more attention to the inflation phenomena, then substantial gains can be achieved in low-inflation environment while conducting the new monetary policy.

A New Dimension of Inflation

The article attempts theoretical rethinking of the inflation phenomenon. The economists have got accustomed to discuss "monetary vs. non-monetary nature of inflation", though such an approach poorly corresponds with present-day realities. Therefore the authors use the methodology of economic synergetics in their study of inflation. They reveal complicated correlations between such functions of money as a cost equivalent, a form of cost, and a reproduction model. The analysis leads to a model of an inflationary market mechanism that allows to compensate the growing capital intensity of national income by a market expansion and thus to maintain a financial stability in the economy.

The Inflation Phenomenon is a Great Challenge to the National Economy

The Inflation Phenomenon is a Great Challenge to the National Economy

A More Explicit Grading Scale Decreases Grade Inflation in a Clinical Clerkship

The medical education literature contains few publications about the phenomenon of grade inflation. The authors' clinical clerkship grading scale suffered from apparent inflation relative to the recommended university distribution. The investigators hypothesized that a simple change of the shift grading cards, using explicit criteria, would decrease this grade inflation and aid to redistribute the shift evaluations. This was a before-and-after study examining medical student shift evaluation grades. Evaluators and students were blinded to the purpose of the card change and were unaware that a study was being conducted. Beginning June 1, 2005, the authors altered the shift evaluation cards from the previous four choices of honors, high pass, pass, or fail to five choices of upper 5%, upper 25%, expected, below expected, or far below expected, and explicit grading criteria were provided. No other interventions to alter the grade distribution occurred. Data were collected on all evaluations from June 1, 2004, to March 31, 2005 (before change), and compared with data on all evaluations from June 1, 2005, to March 31, 2006 (after change). A total of 3,349 evaluations were analyzed: 1,612 before the card change and 1,737 after the change. The grade distribution before the card change was as follows: honors, 22.6%; high pass, 49.0%; pass, 28.4%; and fail, 0%. This compared with the following ratings after the card change: upper 5%, 9.8%; upper 25%, 41.2%; expected, 46.2%; below expected, 2.8%; and far below expected, 0% (p < 0.001). A simple change in shift evaluation cards to include more explicit grading criteria resulted in a significant change in grade distribution and greatly decreased grade inflation.

Analisa Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Inflasi di Indonesia Periode 1997:3 – 2005:2

Contagion Effect from Thailand crisis representing early its economics some State in ASEAN still leave over inflation burden to Indonesia. Serious of Indonesia in overcoming inflation marked with policy of inflation as targeting single to monetary authority. Successfulness this attainment target must be followed by research influencing inflation. For that, this study aim to analyze the influence factors of inflation in Indonesia and also its movement in short-range and long-range. This research background overshadowed by inflation phenomenon in Indonesia not only having an effect in short-range but also on a long term. Through analysis of Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) show that exchange rate and interest rate significant influence the inflation. Through Analysis Partial Adjustment Model (PAM) known that only interest rate influencing fast improvement of inflation in short-range and in long-range. This research used data series time (1997:3-2005:2). Keywords: Inflation, Money Supply, GDP, Exchange Rate, Interest rate.

Dynamics of assisted quintessence

We explore the dynamics of assisted quintessence, where more than one scalar field is present with the same potential. For potentials with tracking solutions, the fields naturally approach the same values — in the context of inflation this leads to the assisted inflation phenomenon where several fields can cooperate to drive a period of inflation though none is able to individually. For exponential potentials, we study the fixed points and their stability confirming results already in the literature, and then carry out a numerical analysis to show how assisted quintessence is realized. For inverse power-law potentials, we find by contrast that there is no assisted behaviour — indeed those are the unique (monotonic) potentials where several fields together behave just as a single field in the same potential. More generally, we provide an algorithm for generating a single-field potential giving equivalent dynamics to multi-field assisted quintessence.

Internet core topology mapping and analysis

The study of the Internet topology allows us to discover properties that can be exploited in order to improve the performance of network protocols and applications. Thus, Internet mapping is very useful to simulation software focusing on network protocols. Unfortunately Internet mapping has two major drawbacks. First it takes a lot of time to be carried out and secondly it is often incomplete. To solve these two problems, we have developed a mapping software whose aim is to map the heart of the Internet as fast as possible with the highest possible accuracy. In this paper, we describe our software and evaluate its performance compared to an existing and freely available mapping software. We assess the completeness of the router level maps by creating overlays with an autonomous system topology. We also study the scalability of the mapping techniques of our software by carrying out an extensive data collection. We show that some limitations concerning the amount of useful information do appear when we try to carry out an exhaustive mapping. Finally, we study the path inflation phenomenon caused by the routing protocols.

Quantum gravity and inflation

Using the Ashtekar-Sen variables of loop quantum gravity, a new class of exact solutions to the equations of quantum cosmology is found for gravity coupled to a scalar field that corresponds to inflating universes. The scalar field, which has an arbitrary potential, is treated as a time variable, reducing the Hamiltonian constraint to a time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation. When reduced to the homogeneous and isotropic case, this is solved exactly by a set of solutions that extend the Kodama state, taking into account the time dependence of the vacuum energy. Each quantum state corresponds to a classical solution of the Hamiltonian-Jacobi equation. The study of the latter shows evidence for an attractor, suggesting a universality in the phenomena of inflation. Finally, wave packets can be constructed by superposing solutions with different ratios of kinetic to potential scalar field energy, resolving, at least in this case, the issue of normalizability of the Kodama state.

Are Student Evaluations of Teaching Valid? Evidence From an Analytical Business Core Course

In this study, the authors examined the relationship between student achievement (as measured by student grade earned in Intermediate Accounting I) and student evaluations (as measured by the mean class evaluation of the student's instructor in Introductory Accounting II). Controlling for ability with three variables–student grade in Introductory Accounting II, student grade point average, and student ACT score–the authors found a statistically significant negative relationship between student evaluations and student achievement. Thus, this research strengthens some faculty members' concern that widespread and significant application of student teacher evaluations in faculty performance evaluation may be partially responsible for the interrelated phenomena of grade inflation and content debasement.

Imagining fictitious childhood events: the role of individual differences in imagination inflation

Imagination inflation refers to the phenomenon that imagining a low probability childhood event promotes subjective confidence that the event actually happened. The present article describes two studies that addressed the issue of whether imagination inflation is related to certain personality characteristics (i.e. social desirability, imagery ability, and dissociation). In Study 1, students (N = 34) rated the probability of 60 childhood events. Four weeks later, they came to the laboratory and were asked to imagine four low-probability childhood events. Next, new confidence ratings of target (i.e. imagined) and control items were collected. Students also completed measures of social desirability, imagery ability, and dissociation. While a higher percentage of increased confidence ratings was found for target items than for control items, the size of this imagination inflation effect was modest. Only imagery ability was found to be related to imagination inflation in that individuals with better imagery abilities displayed a larger imagination inflation effect. The procedure of Study 2 (N = 45) closely followed that of Study 1, except that imagination of target items now had to be written down. Writing about a fictitious event generated a straightforward imagination inflation phenomenon, but this was not related to any of the personality characteristics. The discussion focuses on the extent to which imagination inflation may model therapy-induced false memories. Copyright ©2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

マイクロ波加熱による乾燥全卵・卵アルブミンの膨化現象と練生地成分の変化

The inflation phenomena due to brief microwave irradiation on albuminous materials with alimited amount of water involve remarkable changes in their rheological properties. To investigatethe inflation phenomena and the changes in physico-chemical properties of the maerials, whole egg and egg albumin compounded with various amount of water were heated by microwave andconductive ovens and examined for some properties, and the following results were obtained :(1)Whole egg and albumin, ranged in 30-40% of their initial water content, were the most inflatable asindicated by higher velocities of temperature-rise and water evaporation. (2) The samples inflated bymicrowave heating were different from those by conductive heating in the following points. (1), The rate of enzymatic digestion with trypsin was much higher. (2)The rate of deuterium-protium exchange was higher at the earlier heating stage. (3) The amount of extractive protein were ratherlowered of the samples in the limited water condition. (4) The release of lipid from whole egg onmicrowave heating was prevented much more than that on conductive heating.

Interior structure of a spinning black hole in 2+1 dimensions.

The phenomenon of mass inflation is shown to occur for a rotating black hole. We demonstrate this feature in $(2+1)$ dimensions by extending the charged spinning BTZ black hole to Vaidya form. We find that the mass function diverges in a manner quantitatively similar to its static counterparts in $(3+1)$, $(2+1)$ and $(1+1)$ dimensions.

Mass inflation and the Cauchy horizon stability conjecture for (2+1)-dimensional dilation black holes

By constructing an explicit solution the mass inflation phenomenon is shown to occur in (2+1)-dimensional dilaton black holes. The conjecture of Cauchy horizon stability suggested by Helliwell and Konkowski is checked and found to be valid.

Mass inflation in (1+1)-dimensional dilaton gravity.

We investigate the phenomenon of mass inflation in two-dimensional dilaton theories of gravity. We consider two distinct black hole spacetimes and construct the mass-inflation solution for each. Our analysis is extended to include multihorizon spacetimes. We find that the mass function generically diverges in a manner quantitatively similar to its four-dimensional counterpart. However for multihorizon spacetimes with a certain geometry, we find that the mass function can remain bounded under identical physical conditions.

Are Government Budget Deficits Inflationary? Evidence from Pakistan

In academia as well as policy-making institutions, there has been a long standing interest in analysing the phenomenon of inflation. Amongst the possible determinants of inflation, budget deficits may be one whose importance might have grown since the oil price hikes of 1973-74 and in 1979. For many a developing countries these increases in oil price have been responsible for the massive current account deficits as well as rapidly increasing domestic budget deficits of the last decade or so. During the 1980s, the budget deficit for Pakistan also grew rapidly reaching a record high of 8.6 percent of the G D P in 1987-88. Lately in the backdrop of the recent structural adjustment programmes, there has been much interest in determining the optimal size and the macro economic role of the budget deficits. However, despite its growing importance, the effects of budget deficits are not well understood.