Inflation Phenomenon Research Articles

Super diffraction limit spectral imaging detection and material type identification of distant space objects.

The image information of distant objects shows a diffuse speckle pattern due to diffraction limit, non-uniform scattering, etc., which is difficult to achieve object discrimination. In this study, we have developed a staring spectral video imaging system mounted on a ground-based telescope observation platform to detect the high orbit space objects and gain their spectral images for six groups of GEO targets. The speckle remains basically the same characteristic as the projection structure of the object due to "the balloon inflation phenomenon of near parallel light during long-distance atmospheric transmission" under the premise of considering the bi-directional reflection distribution function (BRDF), Rayleigh scattering theory, and the memory effect. Based on this phenomenon, a mathematical model of remote target scattering spectrum imaging is established where the speckle can be treated as both a global speckle and speckle combination of texture blocks caused by various components of the target. The radial basis function (RBF) neural network is separately used to invert the global speckle and the speckle combination of the texture blocks on account of the typical target material database. The results show that the target materials are of relatively fewer kinds in the global inversion with only including gallium arsenide panel (GaAs) and carbon fiber (CF), for which the highest goodness of curve fitting is only 77.97. An improved algorithm makes their goodness of fit reach 90.29 and 93.33, respectively, in view of one conjecture that the target surface contains unknown materials. The spectral inversion result of the texture blocks shows that the types of materials in each target texture block increase significantly, and that the area ratio of different materials inverted in the block is different from each other. It is further confirmed that the speckle image contains the overall projection structure of distant target and the spectral image projection of each component is relatively fixed, which is the result of the comprehensive action of various mechanisms of ultra-long-haul atmospheric transmission and optical system focusing imaging after BRDF spectral scattering. The spectral image fine inversion is expected to restore the clear structure of the target. This discovery provides important support for the remote imaging and identification of distant and ultra-diffractive targets.

Implications of a holographic density of states on inflation

There is theoretical evidence that the number of degrees of freedom in quantum fields decreases as one studies them at extremely short distances. This emerges from the study of entropy of black holes, as well as from holographic theories in AdS geometries. Presumably a theory of quantum gravity will provide an explicit description of how the number of degrees of freedom thin out as one studies high energy scales. We do not have a comprehensive theory of how such a thinning of degrees of freedom would occur. It is likely that there might be residual (and measurable) effects at larger length scales, though this might be significant only near the Planck scale. There are very few instances in Nature where one might be able to see effects of this thinning. One promising venue is in the phenomenon of inflation, produced in the simplest models through a scalar inflaton field in a potential with a flat (“slow-roll”) part as well as a potential well. During inflation, fluctuations of small length scales are stretched to large scales and then exit the Hubble horizon. We compute the effect of such a thinning of degrees of freedom upon the running of the spectral index of quantum fluctuations of the inflaton and deduce that this will lead to a small positive power of wave vector (opposite to the usual , i.e., negative power correction). Some comments are then made about the impact on observations (or non-observations) of such fluctuations (Martin J. and Ringeval C., Phys. Rev. D, 69 (2004) 083515).

The Impact of Fiscal Policy on Economic Inflation Rates in Palestine, During the Period 1996-2017

This study aimed to identify the impact of the evolution in the volume of both government expenditure and tax revenues on the economic inflation rates in Palestine. The study used the analytical descriptive method based on time series data 1996-2017 and the application of multiple regression technique to reach the real effect of these variables on economic inflation rates. The study has come to a range of results, of which, most importantly, was the significant effect of the financial policy on the inflation rates in the Palestinian territories represented by government expenditure, where the regression coefficient (0.01) with economic, The results also showed a positive and slow effect of one time period (one year), which is statistically significant at 10% of tax revenues on economic inflation rates in Palestine, Where the coefficient of regression (0.01) With a positive economic elasticity ( ...0 .) The study also recommended that the Palestinian National Authority should review the economic agreements with the occupation authority in order to re-crystallize new directions to enable them to control the tools of monetary policy as well as fiscal policy to be able to real treatment and control of the phenomenon of inflation

Associating street crime incidences with geographical environment in space using a zero-inflated negative binomial regression model

Urban geographical environments play an important role in inducing the occurrences of street crimes, so they have raised attention regarding the relationships between geographical environments and street crimes. Limited by the high data acquisition costs of traditional environmental auditing methods, current related studies still lack specific investigations on how street crime risks are quantitatively associated with diverse geographical environment variables, especially the multiple inherent streetscapes elements. Moreover, it is also necessary to discover the effects of pairwise variable interactions on street crimes by considering the existing zero inflation phenomenon. Therefore, this study introduces street view images to automatically characterize built urban environments with the help of deep learning models. By combining built environment variables with socioeconomic variables, we construct a zero-inflated negative binomial regression model to quantify both single-factor effects and the interaction effects among pairwise variables on street crime instances in space. By performing experiments on a real-life dataset, we find that the discovered interaction effects and seasonal variations in regression relationships yield the most comprehensive and reasonable explanations for the spatial distributions of street crime instances. These findings can guide the optimization of urban environmental element layouts and patrol policies to enhance the level of public security.

An exact solution approach to warm inflation using Tsallis and Barrow holographic dark energy entropy within Rastall gravity.

This paper studies the phenomena of warm inflation in a modified cosmological scenario within Rastall gravity. In this context, we modify the standard Friedmann equations using recently proposed Tsallis and Barrow holographic dark energy entropies, alternatively. For both entropies, the exact solutions including the inflaton field, potential required to produce inflation and the scale factor are obtained under slow-roll approximation for low- and high-dissipative regimes. We obtain exponentially growing scale factors for both dark energy models. To confront the theoretical predictions of these models with recent observational data, we calculate the slow-roll parameters, number of e-folds, scalar spectral index, running of scalar spectral index and the tensor-to-scalar ratio for both extremes of dissipation. The Planck bounds on inflationary trajectories are being used to constraint the free parameters. The results are interesting and physically viable up to 2sigma level.

Evaporation Characteristics of a Single Desulfurization Wastewater Droplet in High-temperature Gas

Understanding the high-temperature evaporation process of atomized wastewater droplets is a prerequisite for designing an efficient spray evaporation wastewater treatment facility. However, some dynamic characteristics during the evaporation of high-temperature wastewater droplets have not yet been fully understood. Here, the convective evaporation process of desulfurization wastewater droplet in high-temperature gas, which is commonly encountered in the spray drying technology to treat desulfurization wastewater in power plants, was investigated adopting the single droplet drying (SDD) device. In-situ droplet information including the morphology, radius, temperature, and mass was recorded. The influence of bulk temperature and the initial concentration of dissolved solids on evaporation kinetics was studied. To explore the development of resistances during the evaporation process as well as develop a reliable and flexible droplet evaporation model useful for CFD simulations, experimental results were correlated with a modified Reaction Engineering Approach (REA) framework, which revised the previous linear shrinkage model into a hybrid model to illustrate the droplet/particle deformation considering the possible inflation phenomenon at elevated temperatures. The results show that crust formation and internal bubble nucleation induced by wastewater components contributed to unique evaporation features including decreasing evaporation rate and inflation of semi-dried particles. Increasing bulk temperature enhanced the evaporation rate and the degree of inflation. Finally, the rapid and accurate prediction of the modified REA model elucidated its effectiveness to illustrate the whole evaporation and drying process.

Modeling normalcy‐dominant ordinal time series: An application to air quality level

Inspired by the study of air quality level data, this article proposes a new model for the normalcy‐dominant ordinal time series. The proposed model is based on a new zero‐one‐inflated bounded Poisson distribution with an autoregressive feedback mechanism in intensity. Under certain conditions, the stationarity and maximum likelihood estimation are established for the model. Moreover, a Lagrange multiplier test is constructed to detect the inflation phenomenon in the model. Applications find that the model can adequately capture the air quality level data in 30 major cities in China. More importantly, this article uses the fitted models to make the overall and dynamic air quality rankings for these cities, and finds that both rankings are rational and informative to the public.

Dispute inflation

Much work has examined the phenomenon of dispute escalation, whereby the concrete measures state actors take edge them closer to war. Less attention has been devoted to the ways in which state actors’ perceptions of what is at stake in a dispute can also change, with important consequences for the likelihood of conflict. This paper examines the phenomenon of dispute inflation – wherein a contest over an object or issue assumes ever greater stakes and significance for its protagonists – and identifies three different mechanisms that can generate increasing non-material stakes. The upshot is that theoretically even a minor dispute can grow into a major conflict due to swelling stakes, especially when dispute inflation spirals. To illustrate these dynamics at work, this paper looks to recent developments in the dispute between the People’s Republic of China and Japan over the Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands.

An Estimation of the Open Economy Hybrid New Keynesian Phillips Curve for Turkey

This study examines the inflation phenomenon employing monthly data set for the period 2002:01-2020:07 in Turkey. We separate the effects of dependency on imported intermediate goods and inputs in production using two different exchange rates. In this way, the direct effects arising from the USD / TL exchange rate and the indirect effects arising from the real effective exchange rate are revealed separately. In doing so, we also compare the sub-periods in which two separate trends occur in exchange rates. The results reveal that the real effective exchange rate has a more substantial effect. While this effect becomes more evident when the TL depreciates, it is seen that the USD / TL exchange rate is more determinant when the TL is stable. We find that both lagged and expected effects on inflation have a similar magnitude effect. This situation emphasizes the inertia and the importance of expectations in inflation. When the exchange rate increases, the effect of future expectations increases even more. The expected theoretical effect of the domestic output gap on inflation is statistically insignificant. According to the estimated model results, the effect of structural problems on inflation is relatively high and hampers price stability.

Local Effects from the Monetary Policy Globalization

Most central banks of developed countries realize the “quantitative easing” (QE) monetary policy that allows us to speak about globalization as for monetary policy, as for this policy effects. We identified some positive and negative effects from the QE policy for the US economy (as the issuing country) and for Ukraine (as a country that accept of this policy effects on local level) that can be taking into account when national economy economic planning.At the base of author’s CMI-model of macroeconomic dynamics we proposed possible explanation for this monetary policy effects for the US economy that have no satisfied explanation within well-known models: 1) comparatively low economic growth rate under the QE monetary policy; 2) phenomenon of low inflation under sharp rising of money supply as a result of the QE policy; 3) phenomenon of record employment under comparatively small economic growth rate. Also we identified some other effects of the QE monetary policy that can be explained within well-known models. There are the following ones: negative interest rates for bonds market, the US dollar weakening on FOREX market, price rising for gold and various digital assets. We proposed some possible ways to use global effects from the QE monetary policy to benefit Ukrainian economy. For example, we proposed to change the structure of part of the gold and foreign exchange reserves of the National Bank of Ukraine (NBU) in order to increase its value, actually, under the risk-free way. We can use periods of the US economy stimulus provided by Federal Reserve Bank to increase part of gold in the reserves with corresponding decreasing of foreign exchange part. When the stimulus will be stopped, we proposed to decrease part of gold with corresponding increasing of foreign exchange part. Conclusions, tied with impact of the cumulative market imperfections value (ΔР) on economic growth rate obtained for the US economy, are valid and for Ukrainian economy, because, beforehand, we proved the validity of our CMI-model for national economy, too. JEL classification: E30, E31, E32, E37

Geometry near the inner horizon of a rotating, accreting black hole

Here we present a novel classical model to describe the near-inner horizon geometry of a rotating, accreting black hole. The model assumes spacetime is homogeneous and is sourced by radial streams of a collisionless, null fluid, and it predicts that the standard Poisson-Israel mass inflation phenomenon will be interrupted by a Kasner-like collapse toward a spacelike singularity. Thus, the inner horizon and any additional structure beyond it never gets a chance to form. Such a model is shown to be valid near the inner horizon of astrophysically realistic black holes through comparison to the conformally separable Kerr model, which provides a natural connection of the Kerr metric to a self-similar, accreting spacetime. We then analyze the behavior of null geodesics in our model, connecting them to the Kerr metric in order to answer the practical question of what an infalling observer approaching the inner horizon might see. We find that an infalling zero-energy observer near the inner horizon will initially see streams of matter accelerating at high energies along the radial direction. Then, within a short span of proper time, the geometry will enter a collapse phase as most of the background sky becomes squashed along the edge of the black hole's shadow. Classically, the observer's journey will end here at a spacelike singularity, though the final outcome of the collapse will require a future calculation of the quantum back reaction within this framework.

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI TINGKAT INFLASI PROVINSI BALI

Inflation is one indicator to maintain the level of stability of economic activities carried out by people in a country, including Indonesia. This very high inflation phenomenon can occur due to pressure arising from the supply side (cost push inflation), and from the demand side(demand pull inflation) as well as from the side of inflation expectations itself. 
 The purpose of this study are 1) to know the effect of the exchange rate on the inflation rate in Bali Province; 2) to know the effect of export value on the inflation rate in Bali Province; 3) to know the effect of the money supply on the inflation rate in Bali Province. The analytical tool used is multiple linear regression analysis.
 The result of this research were : 1) exchange rate partially has no effect on the inflation rate in Bali Province; 2) export value partially has a negative and significant effect on the inflation rate in Bali Province; 3) money supply partially has a positive and significant effect on the inflation rate in Bali Province.

Modeling under or over-dispersed binomial count data by using extended Altham distribution families

While aiming particularly at handling under-dispersion, we explore a type of models constructed conservatively using the minimum information of first two moments for the fitting of binomial count data, which could have under, equal or over-dispersion. The extended Altham distribution (EAD) families were presented in this study. The extended Altham families are very close to the binomial distribution under equal dispersion setting, implying that they are alternative models of the binomial distribution. The feature that extended Altham families can reach the full range of dispersion outperforms some commonly used models such as extended beta-binomial and quasi-binomial which have restricted ranges of dispersion. Moreover, the extended Altham family can have double peaks at two boundaries, indicating they are feasible for fitting the double tail inflation phenomenon. This study illustrated the modeling using extended Altham families for both under-dispersed and over-dispersed binomial data resulted from disease cases within the same family.

The lack of meaningful boundary differences between journal impact factor quartiles undermines their independent use in research evaluation

Journal impact factor (JIF) quartiles are often used as a convenient means of conducting research evaluation, abstracting the underlying JIF values. We highlight and investigate an intrinsic problem associated with this approach: the differences between quartile boundary JIF values are usually very small and often so small that journals in different quartiles cannot be considered meaningfully different with respect to impact. By systematically investigating JIF values in recent editions of the Journal Citation Reports (JCR) we determine it is typical to see between 10 and 30% poorly differentiated journals in the JCR categories. Social sciences are more affected than science categories. However, this global result conceals important variation and we also provide a detailed account of poor quartile boundary differentiation by constructing in-depth local quartile similarity profiles for each JCR category. Further systematic analyses show that poor quartile boundary differentiation tends to follow poor overall differentiation which naturally varies by field. In addition, in most categories the journals that experience a quartile shift are the same journals that are poorly differentiated. Our work provides sui generis documentation of the continuing phenomenon of impact factor inflation and also explains and reinforces some recent findings on the ranking stability of journals and on the JIF-based comparison of papers. Conceptually there is a fundamental problem in the fact that JIF quartile classes artificially magnify underlying differences that can be insignificant. We in fact argue that the singular use of JIF quartiles is a second order ecological fallacy. We recommend the abandonment of the quartiles reification as an independent method for the research assessment of individual scholars.

The Development of Indicators Measuring the Phenomenon of Inflation in Algeria during the Period 1990-2017

This study aims to analyze the development of the phenomenon of inflation in Algeria during the period 1990-2017 through a number of indicators, whereby the development of each of the consumer price index was tracked with a kind of focus as it is the indicator adopted in calculating the rate of inflation in Algeria, in addition to analyzing the development of each of Implicit index, monetary stability criterion and surplus demand criterion.
 The study found a number of results, including that the consumer price index doubled 7 times during the study period as a result of the economic reforms that led to the liberalization of a large group of commodity prices, which calls for linking any increase in wages to the increase in labor productivity.

Cognitive Dissonance in Higher Education: Inflating Grades and Not Feeling Guilty

Although there has been growing interest in recent years in investigating the phenomena of grade inflation in higher education, little has focused on the actual psychological processes through which professors may engage in inflating grades without feeling guilty or perceiving this behavior as problematic. Social psychology has focused on the apparent inconsistency between stated attitudes and actual behavior; specifically, cognitive dissonance theory provides insights into why people may behave immorally. By outlining the role of cognitive dissonance in the grade inflation process we provide greater understanding as to how professors cope with the negative psychological arousal associated with grade inflation.

Mass inflation and strong cosmic censorship in a nonextreme BTZ black hole

We study the phenomena of mass inflation using the Ori model for a rotating BTZ black hole that is sufficiently far from extremality, and show that the right Cauchy horizon ($\mathcal{CH}^+_R$) of the BTZ black hole becomes singular. Motivated by the recent analysis of Dias, Reall, Santos [J. High Energy Phys. 12 (2019) 097], we choose the retrograde quasinormal modes to govern the decay of perturbations exterior to the black hole. The resulting model captures the violation of the strong cosmic censorship conjecture near extremality. On the other hand, far from extremality, the $\mathcal{CH}^+_R$ of a BTZ black hole develops a weak null singularity. Our analysis shows a slowly rotating BTZ black hole will respect strong cosmic censorship.

Exchange Rate and Import Price Pass-Through in Turkey

This study researches the effect of exchange rate movements on Turkey’s domestic prices from 2003 through 2019. For the Turkish economy, the structural problems behind the inflation phenomenon are the dependency on imported intermediate goods for production and inflation expectations. Therefore, changes in exchange rates have a significant impact on domestic inflation. To analyze this process, the consumer price index (CPI), producer price index (PPI) and import price index (IPI) are examined by using VAR analysis. Estimations for two distinct periods- stable and upward courses in the exchange rate movement- yield different results. For the first stable period, import price and producer price shocks were more reflective than exchange rate shocks. Exchange rate shocks are found to be stronger than the import price shocks in the second period. The results show that structural problems of the Turkish economy related to production based on the import of intermediate goods, dollarization, and pricing behavior support exchange rate and imported price pass-through to consumer prices.

Analysis Of Agricultural Inflation Fluctuation In Indonesia

Inflation is an economic disease that cannot be ignored, because it can have a very broad impact. Therefore inflation is often the target of government policy. Inflation is characterized by a general and continuous rise in prices. The sharp surge in the national inflation rate without offset by the nominal income of the people, has caused the people's income to decline. The phenomenon of inflation in Indonesia is actually just a short-term phenomenon and that occurs situationally, but as is common in other developing countries, the problem of inflation in Indonesia is more on the problem of long-term inflation because there are still structural obstacles in country's economy. The development of the agricultural sector in Indonesia is still considered the most important sector of the overall results of economic development. The sharp surge in the national inflation rate without offset by the nominal income of the people, has caused the people's income to decline. Also per capita income of the population fell relatively quickly, which resulted in Indonesia re-entering the poor countries. If you see the tremendous influence of the surge in inflation in Indonesia (as a result of imported inflation triggered by the depreciation of the rupiah in foreign currencies) on the national economy, it is necessary to pay extra attention to this inflation problem. By looking at the factors causing the emergence inflation in Indonesia and what steps should be taken to get out of this inflationtrap.

Numerical study on dual-frequency ultrasonic enhancing cavitation effect based on bubble dynamic evolution.

Ultrasonic cavitation is a physical dynamic phenomenon of bubbles inflation, compression, and collapse in liquid. A dual-frequency ultrasonic cavitation dynamics model is established in this paper to investigate dynamic evolution of bubble under single and dual frequency ultrasonic modes. The variation of bubble radius, pressure, energy, temperature, and number of water vapor molecules inside the bubble in single and dual frequency ultrasonic modes are analyzed, respectively. The results show the oscillation of cavitation bubbles is more unstable and easier to collapse in dual-frequency ultrasound field than those in single-frequency ultrasound field. With the increase of the ultrasonic frequency, cavitation effect is weakened due to the shortage of oscillation period. Under the same ultrasonic power, the maximums of bubble radius, pressure, and water vapor molecules number inside the bubble in the dual-frequency mode are larger than those in the single-frequency mode. Under the ultrasonic excited by 50 kHz + 70 kHz, the maximum bubble radius and pressure can reach 36.061 μm and 2285.9 MPa, respectively, which are much larger than 18.183 μm, 730.61 MPa at 50 kHz and 14.576 μm, 332.25 MPa at 70 kHz. The calculation results of three different frequency combinations (30 kHz + 50 kHz, 40 kHz + 60 kHz and 50 kHz + 70 kHz) indicate dual-frequency ultrasound can significantly enhance the cavitation effect.