Infiltration Process Research Articles

Influence of polycarbosilane composition on the properties of SiC/SiC composite fabricated by precursor infiltration and pyrolysis process

AbstractA series of SiC/SiC composites were fabricated through the precursor infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP) process, using solid polycarbosilane (PCS) and liquid vinyl perhydrogen PCS (VHPCS) solutions as impregnating agents. The physicochemical characteristics of the SiC matrices derived from PCS and VHPCS were investigated and compared. The impact of the PCS composition on the microstructure, density, flexural strength, and modulus of the resulting SiC/SiC composites was also examined. As the VHPCS content increased to 60 wt%, the flexural strength of the composites gradually rose to a peak of 490.9 MPa before decreasing as the VHPCS proportion continued to increase. Meanwhile, the flexural modulus increased continually with the introduction of VHPCS. A possible mechanism is proposed to explain the different variations in flexural strength and modulus, taking into account the ceramic toughening principle and the distinct properties of PCS and VHPCS.

Investigation on the behaviors of water infiltration in the unsaturated loess

Introduction: Surface water from precipitation or irrigation is the sole contributor to groundwater replenishment in the Loess Plateau of China. The occurrence of landslides in the Loess Plateau is closely related to the infiltration process of surface water, and the frequent occurrence of landslides in the Loess Plateau in recent years has seriously affected the economic development and security of the Loess Plateau.Methods: To investigate the loess infiltration in deeper soil, the process of moisture infiltration in unsaturated loess is studied by field observation, theoretical analysis, and numerical simulation.Results and discussion: The research results indicated that the interstitial flow in loess could be divided into three different zones: the active zone, the stable zone (2–94 m), and the saturated zone (below 97 m); based on the matric suction and water content calculations, the L1 soil stable water content is 24.4%, which corresponds to the moisture sensor measurement of L1 loess 4 m and 7 m of stable zone data; the numerical simulation results show that whether the infiltration is continuous or intermittent, the infiltration law is the same. After 20 years, there will be a stable water content zone in the 1–8 m soil layer with a water content of 31%. The numerical results well confirm the theoretical calculation results. The research results explain the process of surface water infiltration into groundwater through thick loess and can provide an important reference for the prevention and control of geological disasters caused by water infiltration in loess areas.

Effects of microtopography on patterns and dynamics of groundwater–surface water interactions

Groundwater–surface water interaction is greatly affected by surface topography and agricultural activities in managed agricultural regions. Such an interaction increases the complexity of hierarchical groundwater flow systems. However, the combined effects of microtopography and agricultural activities on groundwater flow patterns remain unclear. In this study, an integrated groundwater–surface water model was used to quantify the impact of microtopographic variations on groundwater flow patterns in an agricultural region in northwest China. Numerical experiments were conducted under different scenarios representing various degrees of microtopography. The results indicated that microtopography plays a pivotal role in the transfer of signals from spatiotemporally varying surface processes to the groundwater flow. Without consideration of the microtopography, the stationary fractional Gaussian noise–type infiltration processes in the vadose zone–saturated zone interface may be incorrectly simulated as non-stationary fractional Brownian motion. Furthermore, fractal analysis reveals that the scaling exponents of the pressure head are highly sensitive within the vadose zone and local flow subsystems. Microtopography plays an important role in shaping the groundwater response time (GRT) pattern, which results in a smaller average GRT but a larger core range. Contrarily, neglecting microtopography may lead to overestimation of the water table ratio (WTR), resulting in erroneous identification of groundwater patterns as topography-controlled types. This study highlights the importance of microtopography in the formation and evolution of nested groundwater flow systems and provides guidance for groundwater–surface water interaction simulations in managed regions.

Fabrication of americium containing transmutation targets

An innovative, dust-free method for producing (U,Am)O2-x targets without the generation of Am-contaminated liquid waste has been successfully demonstrated in the Fuel Materials Laboratories at SCK CEN. The method comprises the fabrication of porous uranium oxide microspheres through internal gelation, using starch as a pore-former, and a single-step Am(NO3)3 aqueous solution infiltration process. Various samples containing targeted Am contents of 5, 10, 20, or 30 mol% were prepared. The concentration of the Am(III) stock solution was confirmed by ICP-MS and no other Am species than Am3+ were distinguished by UV–Vis spectrophotometry. The microstructural investigations revealed that the density of the porous host microspheres was approximately 65 %TD, with 30 vol% accessible porosity, suitable for an efficient infiltration. Microstructural analysis using SEM-EDS was performed on the sintered microspheres. Unexpectedly, EDS analysis was found to be incompatible due to detector interference from the 60 keV gamma-rays emitted by the sample. Therefore, examination of cross-sectioned (U,Am)O2-x microspheres was performed using wavelength dispersive spectrometry (WDS), which was unaffected by the soft gamma ray emission. A homogeneous mixing of Am and U was observed, without the formation of agglomerates with distinct doping levels. From the periphery to the center of the microspheres a radial gradient in Am content was observed, indicating a slight enrichment of Am on the surface of the microspheres. Overall, the nominal Am concentration was in very good agreement with the targeted content.

Changes and influence factors of soil matrix infiltration in Chinese fir plantations with different stand ages in northern Guangxi

Soil matrix infiltration is an important pathway for plantations to obtain water, which affects ecological benefits and water conservation function of plantations. The changes of soil matrix infiltration and its influencing factors in different growth stages of Chinese fir plantations remain unclear. We measured soil matrix infiltration process using a tension infiltrometer in Chinese fir plantations (5, 8, 11, and 15 years old) of Beijiang River Forest Farm in Rongshui, Guangxi, and analyzed soil basic physicochemical properties to identify the dominant factors influencing soil matrix infiltration. The results showed that initial infiltration rate, stable infiltration rate, and cumulative infiltration increased with stand ages. The ranges of different stand ages were 141-180 mm·h-1, 109-150 mm·h-1, and 188-251 mm, respectively. The initial infiltration rate, stable infiltration rate, and cumulative infiltration were significantly positively correlated with soil capillary porosity, soil organic matter, soil water stable macroaggregate, sand content, and clay content, while negatively correlated with soil bulk density and silt content. Early thinning had a positive effect on soil matrix infiltration, but thinning measures after 11 years did not enhance soil matrix infiltration further. Philip model was optimal for describing soil matrix infiltration process in this region. In conclusion, soil matrix infiltration capacity of Chinese fir plantations gradually increased from young to middle-aged stands, but matrix infiltration capacity tended to stabilize after 11 years old. Silt content and water stable macroaggregate were the dominant factors influencing matrix infiltration.

High toughness Al2O3/LaPO4/Al2O3 composites fabricated by slurry impregnation sintering process

Continuous Al2O3 fiber-reinforced Al2O3 matrix (Al2O3/Al2O3) composites, aimed at aerospace applications, are recognized for their low density, high strength, and resistance to oxidation but suffer from limited toughness. To address this problem, a study was undertaken that utilized a slurry infiltration and sintering (SIS) process for the fabrication of Al2O3/Al2O3 composites with enhanced toughness. Composites have a microstructure that fine Al2O3 matrix filled the voids of coarse Al2O3 matrix, enhancing the tortuosity of crack propagation paths and thereby increasing the toughness of the composites. Additionally, the incorporation of LaPO4 coatings was explored as a means to further augment toughness. Findings indicate that the optimal Al2O3/Al2O3 composites, exhibiting superior performance, were fabricated at 1200 °C, achieving a density of 2.97 g/cm3, flexural strength of 209 ± 20 MPa, and fracture toughness of 13 ± 3 MPa m1/2. A 320 nm LaPO4 coating was found to enhance the fracture toughness of the composites by approximately 20.70 %. Consequently, the SIS technique, complemented by the application of LaPO4 coatings, represents a highly effective approach for the production of Al2O3/Al2O3 composites with significantly improved toughness.

Analysis of Soil–Water Characteristic Curve and Microstructure of Undisturbed Loess

Long-term irrigation promotes the infiltration of water in the thick, stratified loess layer, significantly raising the groundwater table and triggering a series of landslides in loess platform areas. The soil–water characteristic curve (SWCC) of loess buried at different depths affects the unsaturated infiltration process and is intricately connected to the soil’s microstructure. The SWCCs, scanning electron microscope (SEMs), and pore size distributions (PSDs) for five sets of undisturbed loess samples at depths ranging from 3.4 to 51.9 m are shown in this paper. The results indicate that the fitting parameter air entry value (AEV) of the SWCC rises from 13.67 kPa to 40.19 kPa as the depth increases from 3.4 to 51.9 m. And the saturated volumetric water content drops by 10.9%, with a notable SWCC shape difference between the transition and residual zones observed. Additionally, the total porosity of undisturbed loess falls by 12% when the depth increases from 3.4 to 51.9 m, while the macropores and mesopores reduce by 3.6% and 12.1%, respectively. These findings highlight the control of the pore structure on the SWCC and emphasize the correspondence between the SWCC and PSD. The conclusions also illustrate that the compaction effect changes the microstructure characteristics of loess, thereby affecting the soil’s water retention behavior.

Mechanical terracing regulates soil physicochemical properties and infiltration processes in the Loess Hilly Region of China

AbstractThe widespread adoption of large‐scale machines has led to a significant shift in terrace construction methods, transitioning from manual labor to mechanical processes. Mechanical terracing, by deeply disturbing the surface and compaction of the soil, has resulted in significant variations in both the soil physicochemical properties (SPCs) and soil infiltration properties (SIPs). However, few studies have been carried out to investigate the impact mechanisms of mechanical terracing on soils. In this study, we conducted detailed field experiments to determine the effects of mechanical terracing on SPCs and SIPs. The results showed that mechanical terracing increased soil compaction and decreased soil porosity and organic matter compared to manual terracing. Moreover, mechanical terracing had lower initial and steady infiltration rates than manual terracing (decreasing by 2.60% and 18.59%, respectively). However, initial and steady infiltration rates significantly improved compared to sloped land, increasing by 20.82% and 54.68%, respectively. The partial least squares path model indicated that bulk weight, organic matter content, and soil texture were the dominant influencing factors of SIPs. The results underscore the critical need to incorporate distinctions between various terrace construction methods into hydrological models for more accurate predictions.

Interfacial microstructure of diamond/SiC composites fabricated by Si infiltration with gas flow guidance

To preserve the structural and interfacial integrity of diamond, diamond/SiC composites were fabricated by Si infiltration under gas flow guidance. The characteristics of these materials are significantly affected by the interfacial reaction between Si and diamond. The interface formation was studied extensively by locally analyzing the microstructure of the interfacial regions via transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results demonstrated that the extent of reactive erosion of diamond by Si weakened as the gas velocity increased during the infiltration process. Nanocrystalline Si5C3 and β-SiC grains with an orientation relationship were observed at the diamond/SiC interface. Furthermore, by employing gas flow guidance, the diamond/SiC composites exhibited a better specific stiffness, measuring up to 183.3 × 106 m2 s−2, which represents an exceptional 18 % improvement compared with the control group.

Efficiently tuning the electrical performance of PBTTT-C14 thin film via in situ controllable multiple precursors (Al2O3:ZnO) vapor phase infiltration

Conjugated polymer-based organic/inorganic hybrid materials become the current research frontier and show great potential to integrate flexible polymers and rigid solid materials, which have been widely used in the field of various flexible electronics and optical devices. In this study, based on the multiple vapor phase infiltration (VPI) process, various precursor molecules (diethylzinc DEZ, trimethylaluminum TMA, H2O) are applied for the in situ modification of PBTTT-C14 films. The conductivity of the PBTTT-C14/Al2O3:ZnO (AZO) film is significantly enhanced, and the maximum value of conductivity is 1.16 S cm−1, which is eight orders of magnitude higher than the undoped PBTTT-C14 thin film. Here, the change of morphologies and crystalline states are analyzed via SEM, AFM, and XRD. And the chemical changes during the VPI process of PBTTT-C14 are characterized through Raman, XPS, and UV–vis. During the AZO VPI process, the formation of new ZnS matrix in the polymer subsurface can generate new additional electron conduction pathways through the crosslinking of polymer chains with inorganic materials, and the addition of Al2O3 can bring about the increase of average grain size of ZnO crystals, which is also benefit to the conductivity increase of PBTTT-C14 thin film. Generally, the synergistic effect between the inorganic and polymer constituents results in the significantly enhancement of the conductivity of PBTTT-C14/AZO thin films.

Stability analysis of rainfall-induced landslide considering air resistance delay effect and lateral seepage

Accumulation landslides are prone to occur during the continuous infiltration of heavy rainfall, which seriously threatens the lives and property safety of local residents. In this paper, based on the Green-Ampt (GA) infiltration model, a new slope rainfall infiltration function is derived by combining the effect of air resistance and lateral seepage of saturated zone. Considering that when the soil layer continues to infiltrate after the saturation zone is formed, the air involvement cannot be discharged in time, which delays the infiltration process. Therefore, the influence of air resistance factor in soil pores is added. According to the infiltration characteristics of finite long slope, the lateral seepage of saturated zone is introduced, which makes up for the deficiency that GA model is only applicable to infinite long slope. Finally, based on the seepage characteristics of the previous analysis, the overall shear strength criterion is used to evaluate the stability of the slope. The results show that the safety factor decreases slowly with the increase of size and is inversely correlated with the slope angle and initial moisture content. The time of infiltration at the same depth increases with the increase of size and slope angle, and is inversely correlated with the initial moisture content, but is less affected by rainfall intensity. By comparing with the results of experimental data and other methods, the results of the proposed method are more consistent with the experimental results than other methods.

Numerical Simulation of Infiltration Behavior of ZTAP/HCCI Composites

According to statistics, 80% of failed components in mechanical equipment are caused by various types of wear and corrosion. Therefore, in order to reduce material loss, research on wear-resistant materials is urgent. In order to solve the difficulty of directly observing the infiltration process of liquid metal in preform, this study first conducted infiltration experiments on liquid metal in ZTA ceramic particle preform at different pouring temperatures, and then used Fluent software to numerically simulate the infiltration behavior of liquid metal in preform. By changing parameters such as pouring temperature and infiltration pressure, the influence of these parameters on the penetration depth of liquid metal in prefabricated structures was determined. The research results indicate that when the pouring temperatures are 1420 °C, 1570 °C, 1720 °C, and 1870 °C, the infiltration depths are 4 mm, 8 mm, 11 mm, and 15 mm; when the casting infiltration pressures are 7620 Pa, 15,240 Pa, 22,860 Pa, and 30,480 Pa, the infiltration depths are 10 mm, 16 mm, 20 mm, and 22 mm. The simulation results of the pouring temperature on the infiltration depth are basically consistent with the experimental results.

Biocrusts affect preferential flow and water holding capacity by regulating soil properties in Ultisols from subtropical China

Biological soil crusts (BSCs) play an important role in regulating the process of soil infiltration, and thus changing soil hydrological processes. However, little attention was paid to the effects of BSCs on soil infiltration and water holding capacity in the humid region. Therefore, the objective of this study was to quantitatively characterize the flow pathways of BSCs on soils developed over Quaternary clay and muddy shale from subtropical China by using dye tracer experiments. To determine the effects of BSCs on soil water holding capacity, the soil water characteristic curve (SWCC) was also measured. Results showed that BSCs significantly reduced the soil water infiltration compared with the bare soil. The dyeing coverage (DC) of BSCs on Quaternary clay and muddy shale decreased by 8.4% and 1.8%, respectively. SWCC results showed that the water content of BSCs was 3.5%–42.8% higher than that of bare soil under the same matrix potential, indicating that BSCs increased the water holding capacity. BSCs affected preferential infiltration by regulating surface soil properties, such as increased soil organic matter content (SOM), silt and clay content, and decreased bulk density (BD) and sand content. Furthermore, PLS-PM results revealed that BSCs and its induced increase of silt and clay content played important roles in inhibiting preferential infiltration. The results could help us to better understand the effects of BSCs on soil hydrological processes in Ultisols from subtropical China.

Ground Infiltration in Various Land Uses in Kawatuna Sub- Watershed

The research was conducted in the Kawatuna Sub-watershed with the aim of studying the physical properties of the soil and knowing the infiltration rate of several land uses in the Kawatuna Sub-watershed. This study used the Horton equation formula and took soil samples for analysis at the Laboratory of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tadulako University, Palu. The results showed that the physical properties of the soil greatly influenced the infiltration process, the highest organic matter was secondary soil 6.10%, dry land agriculture 4.50% and the lowest was shrubs 3.04%. Secondary forest soil textures are loam and dusty loam, dry land agriculture has sandy loam textures, and shrubs have loamy, sandy loam and dusty loam textures. In terms of physical properties of water content, dry land agriculture had the highest water content 21.48%, secondary forest 19.19% and shrubs the lowest 15.54%. The highest infiltration rate was secondary forest land (12.74 cm/hour) with fast criteria, dry land agriculture (7.80 cm/hour) medium fast category and shrub land (6.19 cm/hour) medium category.

Strengthening Mechanism and Damping Properties of SiCf/Al-Mg Composites Prepared by Combining Colloidal Dispersion with a Squeeze Melt Infiltration Process.

SiC-fiber-reinforced Al-Mg matrix composites with different mass fractions of Mg were fabricated by combining colloidal dispersion with a squeeze melt infiltration process. The microstructure, mechanical and damping properties, and the corresponding mechanisms were investigated. Microstructure analyses found that SiCf/Al-Mg composites presented a homogeneous distribution of SiC fibers, and the relative density was higher than 97% when the mass fraction of Mg was less than 20%; the fiber-matrix interface bonded well, and no obvious reaction occurred at the interface. The SiCf/Al-10Mg composite exhibited the best flexural strength (372 MPa) and elastic modulus (161.7 GPa). The fracture strain of the composites decreased with an increase in the mass fraction of Mg. This could be attributed to the strengthened interfacial bonding due to the introduction of Mg. The damping capacity at RT increased dramatically with an increase in the strain when the strain amplitude was higher than 0.001%, which was better than the alloys with similar composition, demonstrating a positive effect of the SiC fiber on improving the damping capacity of composite; the damping capacity at a temperature beyond 200 °C indicated a monotonic increase tendency with the testing temperature. This could be attributed to the second phase, which formed more strong pinning points and increased the dislocation energy needed to break away from the strong pinning points.

Stability analysis of unsaturated loess slopes subjected to extreme rainfall incorporating creep effects

Rainfall-induced landslides are common natural hazards, particularly in cases involving unsaturated soils. Slope instability issues may arise due to extreme climate events, while, creep effects can also contribute to landslide problems. In this study, a modified ViscoElastic-ViscoPlastic constitutive model is developed to more accurately characterise the mechanical properties of unsaturated loess, considering stress-level dependency of stiffness and creep properties. In addition, to better characterise the collapsibility of loess, the relationship between strengths and matric suction has been introduced. The infiltration process of an unsaturated porous medium is illustrated by the Van Genuchten model and the generalized Darcy’s law. Additionally, the atmospheric boundary condition is incorporated in the numerical simulations, considering factors such as runoff generation and various climate events.In the context of slope stability analysis, a numerical approach has been developed to determine the safety factor of the slopes, by using displacement changes as the key assessment criterion. A good agreement between numerical and analytical results has been observed, verifying the proposed approach to determining safety factor. Finally, in parametric analyses, the effects of creep and matric suction on safety factor have been identified. Slope stability of unsaturated loess slopes subjected to different rainfall intensities and rainfall durations has been studied. The maximum depth of the sliding part increases obviously when considering the contribution of creep deformations, which is crucial in analysing slope stability.

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a Three‐Dimensional Oxide/Oxide Composite after Long‐Term Thermal Exposure

Herein, a three‐dimensional (3D) oxide fiber reinforced oxide matrix (oxide/oxide) composite is fabricated via slurry infiltration and sintering process. Subsequently, the effects of thermal aging on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the 3D oxide/oxide composite at 900 and 1100 °C are investigated. Experimental results indicate that the thermal aging affects the matrix microstructures and fiber/matrix interface. The elastic modulus of the matrix and interfacial shear strength increases with aging temperature and time. Aging treatment at 900 °C for 100 and 300 h results in a moderate decrease in the flexural strength and fracture toughness but improves the delamination resistance, whereas that at 1100 °C for 100 h lead to a significant decrease in the flexural strength and fracture toughness. The changes in mechanical properties might be attributed to matrix densification and enhanced interfacial bonding.

Epidemiological and transcriptome data identify shared gene signatures and immune cell infiltration in type 2 diabetes and non-small cell lung cancer

BackgroundNumerous previous studies have reported an association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and lung cancer risk, but the underlying mechanism of the interaction remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the shared genetic features and immune infiltration processes between lung cancer and T2DM.MethodsEpidemiological data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2000–2018 was used to explore the relationship between lung cancer and diabetes systematically. In addition, we also used bioinformatics methods to analyze the transcriptome data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) to explore the potential functional mechanisms from the perspective of genes and immune infiltration.ResultsLogistic regression analysis showed that prediabetes (OR = 3.289,95%CI 1.231, 8.788, p = 0.01760, model 3)and type 2 diabetes (OR = 3.032 95%CI,1.015, 9.054, p = 0.04689) were significantly associated with an increased risk of lung cancer after adjusting for multiple covariates. Data from NHANES showed an inverted U-shaped relationship between fasting blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin and the risk of lung cancer (P for non-linear < 0.001). Transcriptome data showed that we screened 57 co-DEGs, of which 25 were up-regulated co-DEGs and 32 were down-regulated. Ten core DEGs were identified by bioinformatics analysis, which were SMC6, CDC27, CDC7, RACGAP1, SMC4, NCF4, NCF1, NCF2, SELPLG and CFP. Correlation analysis showed that some core DEGs were significantly associated with simultaneous dysregulation of immune cells.ConclusionThe identified core genes of NSCLC and T2DM are associated with dysregulated immune cells, which provides a potential research avenue for diagnosing and treating lung cancer combined with diabetes.

Development of a high‐pressure infiltration process for phenol–formaldehyde matrix composites

AbstractPhenol–formaldehyde (phenolic) thermosets are known for excellent heat and chemical resistance, high flame retardance, and good mechanical performance. However, phenolics are also known for their high brittleness, and tendency to form voids, due to a condensation reaction forming water during curing. These voids can decrease the mechanical performance of the resultant phenolic composite and introduce undesirable performance characteristics. This work aims to develop a technique that uses high‐pressure infiltration to obtain dense phenolic matrix composites, with commercially available resin and fiber reinforcement. The high‐pressure system developed in this work is compared to a conventional low‐pressure resin infusion technique, and the porosity after each infusion is analyzed. A model of the low‐ and high‐pressure systems was developed, and the predicted time of infiltration was compared to the experimental results. The high‐pressure system had 97% less open porosity after infusion than the low‐pressure technique, suggesting that it can produce a higher‐quality and better‐performing phenolic composite than conventional techniques. Also, the mechanical test performed indicates improved performance for the high‐pressure injection with a 30.73% increase in ultimate tensile strength in comparison to low pressure, indicating better mechanical performance. © 2024 Society of Industrial Chemistry.

Two ferroptosis-specific expressed genes NOX4 and PARP14 are considered as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetic retinopathy and atherosclerosis

ObjectivesBoth Diabetic retinopathy (DR) and Atherosclerosis (AS) are common complications in patients with diabetes, and they share major pathophysiological similarities and have a common pathogenesis. Studies performed to date have demonstrated that ferroptosis plays a vital part in the occurrence and development of DR and AS, but its mechanism in the two diseases remains poorly understood.MethodsDR Chip data (GSE60436 and GSE102485) and AS chip data (GSE100927 and GSE57691) were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The screening of the differential expression genes (DEGs) was analyzed using the limma package, and the genes related to ferroptosis were obtained from the FerrDb V2 database. Two key genes (NOX4 and PARP14) were identified through external datasets validation and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Gene Ontology (GO) and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) were used to conduct a functional enrichment analysis, and miRNA-mRNA networks were established. The CIBERSORT algorithm was applied to identify the immune cell infiltration between the disease group and control group. Next, the correlations between key genes and infiltrating immune cells were investigated by the Spearman method. Finally, the correlation between 2 key genes and ferroptosis markers was confirmed.ResultsNine ferroptosis differentially expressed genes (DE-FRGs) between DR and AS were identified in this study. NOX4 and PARP14 were selected as key genes for further analysis by external datasets and ROC curve analysis. The key genes NOX4, PARP14 and their correlated genes (such as CYBA, NOX1, NOX3, CYBB, PARP9, PARP10, and PARP15) are mainly enriched in oxidoreductase activity, protein ADP-ribosylation, superoxide metabolic process, reactive oxygen species metabolic process, PID pathway, and VEGFA-VEGFR2 pathway. A miRNA-mRNA network was constructed, and we got 12 miRNAs correlated with the target gene NOX4, 38 miRNAs correlated with the target gene PARP14. Three common miRNAs (hsa-miR-1-3p, hsa-miR-129-2-3p, and hsa-miR-155-5p) were observed in the network. Immune infiltration analysis displayed that activated B cell, MDSC, and Type 17 T helper cell are the common immune cells involved in the immune infiltration process of DR and AS. The results revealed that there are significant correlations between two key genes and most ferroptosis marker genes no matter in DR or AS.ConclusionFerroptosis-related genes NOX4 and PARP14 may be common biomarkers of DR and AS. Both were associated with immune infiltration in patients with DR and AS. Our data provide a theoretical basis for the early diagnosis and immunotherapy of the two diseases.